Fasteners, Powers Screws,

Connections
Helical thread screw was an important invention.
Power Screw, transmit angular motion to liner motion
Transmit large or produce large axial force
It is always desired to reduce number of screws
 Definition of important
Terminologies

Major diameter d, Minor diameter dr Mean dia or pitch diameter dp

Lead l, distance the nut moves for one turn rotation
Single and Double threaded screws

Double threaded screws are stronger and moves faster

 Screw Designations
• United National
Standard UNS
• International Standard
Organization

Roots and crest can be either flat or round

Pitch diameter produce same width in the thread and space,
Coarse thread Designated by UNC

• Fine Thread UNF, is more resistance to

loosening, because of its small helix angle.
• They are used when Vibration is present
• Class of screw, defines its fit, Class 1 fits have
widest tolerances, Class 2 is the most commonly
used
• Class three for very precision application
• Example:1in-12 UNRF-2A-LH, A for Ext. Thread
and B for Internal, R root radius
• Metric M10x1.5 10 diameter mm major
diameter,1.5 pitch
 Some important Data for UNC,
UNF and M threads
• Lets Look at the Table 8-1 on Page 398
Square and Acme Threads are
used for the power screw

Preferred pitch for Acme Thread

d, in 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1 1/4
p,in 1/16 1/14 1/12 1/10 1/8 1/6 1/6 1/5 1/5
Mechanics of Power Screws
Used in design to change the angular motion to linear motion, Could
you recall recent failure of power screw leading to significant
causalities
 What is the relationship between
the applied torque on power screw
and lifting force F
 Torque for single flat thread
Fd m l  fd m
TR  ( )
2 d m  fl
Fd m fd m  l
TL  ( )
2 d m  fl
If the thread as an angle α, the torque will be

Fd m l  fd m sec 
TR  ( )
2 d m  fl sec 

Wedging action, it
increases friction
 Stresses in the power Screw

16T
Shear stress in the base 
of the screw
d 3
F
Bearing stress B  
d m nt p / 2
Bending stress at the root
6F
of the screw b 
Shear stress in the thread
d r nt p
3V 3F
nt number of engaged  
thread 2 A d r nt p
Loading to the fasteners and their
Failure considerations
Bolts are used to clamp two or more parts

It causes pre tension in the bolt

Grip length is the total thickness of parts
and washers l

l d

lt
 ld
h

t2 lt=L’- ld

L’ effective grip= h+t2 if t2<d

=h=d/2 for t2  d
Failure of bolted or riveted joints
 Type of Joints
• Lap Joint (single Joint) But Joint
Example 1
Example 2
Example 2
Example 3
Weld
Weld under Bending