Deviance Conformity • behavior in accordance with socially accepted conventions or standards
• The anticipated behavior to follow.
• is the desire to go along with the norms of a
group of people, so you will be accepted as an in-group person (and not rejected as an out- group undesirable person). Deviance • departing from usual or accepted standards, especially in social or sexual Variety of Deviance
“What is deviant to one group may not be
considered deviant to another.” 1. The study of why people violates laws or norms
2. The study of how society reacts to this
violations • was an Italian criminologist and physician, founder of the Italian School of Positivist Criminology, often referred to as the father of criminology • Theory of anthropological criminology essentially stated that criminality was inherited, and that someone "born criminal" could be identified by physical (congenital) defects, which confirmed a criminal as savage or atavistic. Deviance and the Social Paradigms Basic Basis of Assumptions Interpretation Structural Deviance Deviance Functionalism promotes performs unity, serves important as a moral functions in compass, and the overall provides operations of opportunities society where there are none. Paradigms Basic Basis of Assumptions Interpretation
Historical Deviance is a Is a form of
Conflict result of civic action. It unequal aims to rectify distribution of the unfair and social unjust desirables and syndromes of life chances. social inequality. Paradigms Basic Basis of Assumptions Interpretation
Critical Is a result of the We are helping
Interpretivi exercise of these entities sm power. Symbols maintain their and ideas are privileged manipulated by positions in powerful people society in the society in order to protect their economic and political interest Theoretical Interpretations of Deviance Structural Strain Theory • Offered a “side-by- side” formulation of conformity and deviance. • He developed the structural strain theory Robert Merton • Strain refers to the discrepancies between culturally defined goals and the institutionalized means available to achieve these goals. • This theory traces the origins of deviance to the tensions that are caused by the gap between cultural goals and the means people have available to achieve those goals • Culture- establishes goals for people
• Social structure-provides (or fails to
provide) the means for the people to achieve those goals. CONFORMISTS • a person who conforms to accepted behavior or established practices. RITUALIST • A person who do not believe in the established cultural goals of society, but they do believe in and abide by the means for attaining those goals. INNOVATORS • Are those individuals that accept the cultural goals of society but reject the conventional methods of attaining those goals RETREATISTS • Who reject both the cultural goals and the accepted means of attaining those goals. REBELS • They are not only reject both the established cultural goals and the accepted means of attaining those goals • They substitute new goals and new means of attaining these goals Labeling Theory • explains why people's behavior clashes with social norms. • holds that deviance is not inherent to an act, but instead focuses on the tendency of majorities to negatively label minorities or those seen as deviant from standard cultural norms. • Labeling theory holds that deviance is not inherent to an act, but instead the result of the externally-imposed label of "deviant".
• Labeling theory takes the view that
people become criminals when labeled as such and when they accept the label as a personal identity. Social Control Theory -developed by Travis Hirschi
-according to this theory, people care about
what others think of them and conform to social expectations because their attachments to others and what others expect of them • -this theory also suggests that most people probably feel some impulse towards deviant behavior at some time, but their attachment to social norms prevents them from actually participating in deviant behavior. Social Control and Deviance “effective socialization makes conformity an internally driven motivation, while externally driven conformity always engages the mechanisms of social control” Refersto the idea thata person has the innate right to be valued, respected, and treatedwell. Are legal, social, and ethical principles that consider the human person as deserving of liberties and protection by virtueof his or her humanbeing Are founded on natural rights, which are universal and inalienable, and are not contingent on laws, customs, beliefs, or values of a particular culture. The pursuance of the common good should not be a cause for the violation of rights of individual…