PRIMARY SURVEY OF SPORT EMERGENCY

Conscious ↓Consciousness Unconscious

Primary Survey

Airway + Breathing + Circulation +

C-Spine Control Ventilation Hemorrhage Control

Exposure +
Disability
Enviromental
 AIRWAY + C SPINE CONTROL
Unconscious/decreased consciousness

Look, Listen, Feel

Look : Listen : Additional sound Feel : tracheal

maxillofacial  Snoring : tongue deviation
injury  Gurgling : fluid
 Stridor : solid
AIRWAY + C SPINE CONTROL
Clear Partial/Total
Obstruction

Treatment

Non-tools Tools
 Finger sweep  Suction
 Cross finger

MAINTAIN
 AIRWAY + C SPINE CONTROL
Maintain

Non-tools (Positioning) Tools

 Head tilt-chin lift  Guedel (OPT)

 Jaw thrust maneuver  Laryngeal Mask
Airway
 Nasopharyngeal
Tube
 Endotracheal Tube
 AIRWAY + C SPINE CONTROL
Suspected Spinal column
Spinal Injury immobilisation

Carefuly, gently and slowly realign the head into neutral position Log rolling the supine player onto the side for placement of a
relative to the spine and maintain this position thereafter rigid spinal board.

Fully immobilised player in the supine position.

 BREATHING + VENTILATION
Unconscious/decreased consciousness

Look, Listen, Feel

Look Listen Feel

Chest Breath Breath
expansion sound flow
 BREATHING + VENTILATION

Failure
Normal Distress

Life- threatening Ventilation/Breathing support

condition?
Without With tools
tools
 Tension pneumothorax
 Open pneumothorax
• Ambu bag
 Flail chest Mouth to
• Jackson-
 Massive hemothorax mouth
Reese

Managed Recovery of spontaneous breathing

Maintain : oxygenation
CIRCULATION + HEMORRHAGE
CONTROL
Carotid artery pulsation?

Yes No
Quality? Regular? Start CPR
 Push hard, push fast
 Frequency:100x/min
CIRCULATION + HEMORRHAGE CONTROL

Bleeding
Internal Eksternal

Manual pressure on the wound.

Gauze + Elastic Bandage
Tourniquets

Intravenous Fluid
 DISABILITY
AVPU
Alert Verbal (stimulus) Pain (stimulus) Unresponsive

Patient alert+suffered a
head injury

Use scoring system :

Glasgow Coma Scale
 EXOPOSURE + ENVIROMENTAL

Remove all clothing

Logroll the patient to examine patient’s back

Avoid hypothermia
 SECONDARY SURVEY
1. History and Mechanism of injury
 A Allergies
 M Medications
 P Past illnesses
 L Last meal
 E Events related to injury
1.Blunt
2.Penetrating
3.Burns
4.Hazardous Environment

2. Physical Examination (Head to toe examination)

Head, Maxillofacial structures, cervical spine and neck, chest, abdomen
and pelvis, perineum/rectum/vagina, muculosceletal system and
neurological system

!Re-examine conciousness and GCS score

 SPINAL CORD INJURY

2-3%
Spinal injuries, with C5 11%
or without damage is the most incidence of acute
to the spinal cord commonly spinal cord injury in
(Holtz and Levi injured vertebra Ireland
2010).