 Soil Salinity

 Soil Erosion
 Waterlogging
 Soil esion is happening in Pakistan at ana
alarming rate and it is due to
deforestation in the northern areas of
pakistan.
 According to UNESCO 20% of population
in Pakistan is affected with soil erosion.
 There are various other reasons including
lack of awareness, Low rainfalls etc
 Plant Cover The plant covers are grown
on bare land to reduce wind and soil
ersoion. Mostly grasses as cover crops
are used.
 Mulching it is another tool which is used
to avoid soil erosion and wind erosion,
crop residues and trees branches and
leaf litter can be used for this purpose.
 Permanent plant structure it is also a tool
which is used to control soil erosion.
 Other techniques
 Contour trenching
 Barriers
 Break up of channel
 Reduce the speed of water
 Build of check dam
 As a result of tis major problem the
production in th indus water basin has
reduced to 25%.
 The SCARP has initiated projects all over
pakistan in all the four provinces.
 Use sulphur and potassium fertilezers
 A person having land near to salinity
effected area should use phosphate
and sulphate fertilizers, remove the layer
of salt if found and Gypsum can be used
to encounter soil abnormality. Make the
field’s level or plan. Give more water
during irrigation than routine.
 The saline land encourages vigorous
growth of different grasses (food for pets)
that’s why Dairy farming should be
suggested for long lasting results in affected
area. Cultivation of Cash crops i.e. Rice,
Wheat, Tomato, cotton, sugar cane,
leguminous plants and soya bean (oil
producing plant) is also reasonable and
beneficial. In Pakistan prominent research
centers and universities should work on
introduction of such species and
germpalasm having excellent growth in
affected areas.
 Waterlogging is also a maor treat to
pakistani soils along with salinity and soil
erosion and it is aslso posing a major
decline to Pakistani soils
 Grow plants that could consume
maximum water
 Use tubelwells in that area that could
reduce the waterlevel iun that area
 Subsurface drainage
 https://www.researchgate.net/publicati
on/222935494_Managing_salinity_and_w
aterlogging_in_the_Indus_Basin_of_Pakist
an\
 https://www.technologytimes.pk/water-
salinity-issue-pakistan/