by Juan de Plasencia

Let’s start with

1.
ABOUT THE
AUTHOR
 Juan de
Plasencia
A Spanish friar. One of the first
Franciscan missionaries who arrived
in the Philippines on July 2, 1578. He
was the author of the first printed book
in the Philippines, entitled “Doctrina
Cristiana.”

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 EARLY YEARS
➢ He was born in the early 16th century in an illustrious
family of Portocarreros in the region of Extremadura,
Spain.
➢ He was born during the time of Spain’s Siglo de Oro.
➢ His real name is Joan de Puerto Carrero del convento de
Villanueva de la Serena
➢ There is no concrete reason on why he entered the Order
of the Franciscans.

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 LIFE IN THE PHILIPPINES
➢ He arrived in the Philippines in 1578 at a port in Cavite.
➢ He started preaching with Fray Diego de Oropesa in Laguna de Bay and
Tayabas, Quezon.
➢ Also preached in the provinces of Bulacan and Rizal.
➢ He converted natives, taught catechisms, and organized towns and
barangays.
➢ He promoted the understanding of Spanish language to natives and local
languages to Spanish missionaries, to effectively facilitate Christianity.
➢ Passed away in Liliw, Laguna in the year 1590.

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 OTHER LITERARY WORKS BY Juan de Plasencia

➢ Arte de la Lengua (Art of ➢ Diccionario Tagalog (1580)

Language) ➢ La Santina (1585) – Opus on
➢ Vocabulario prayer and meditation
➢ Coleccion de frases tagala ➢ Relacion de las Costumbres
(Collection of Tagalog de Los Tagalogs (1589) –
Phrases) First Civil Code of the
➢ Catecismo de la Doctrina Philippines
Cristiana (1581) ➢ Customs of the Tagalogs

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 2.
ABOUT THE BOOK
Customs of the Tagalogs
– Las Costumbres de los
indios Tagalos de
Filipinas
Customs of the Tagalogs is a part (either
chapters or subsections) of longer
monographs. It became the basis for historical
reconstructions of Tagalog society. It is a
proof that even before the pre-Hispanic
period Filipinos have a government as well as
sets of beliefs and practices.

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CONTENT
ANALYSIS
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 CONTENT ANALYSIS

Datos Barangay Nobles

➢ The one who governs ➢ a family of parents ➢ People who don’t pay
and serves as captain and children, taxes to the dato but must
in wars. relations and slaves. accompany him in a war.
➢ Whoever goes The Three Castes: Commoners
against them will be ➢ People who are married
1. Nobles (Maharlica)
severely punished. and serve their master.
2. Commoners
➢ They ruled over a Slaves
(Aliping
hundred or less than
Namamahay) ➢ People who serve their
thirty houses which is
called barangay. 3. Slaves (Aliping sa masters and can be sold.
guiguilir)

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Situation 1
Those who are born with both
maharlica parents will continue
to be a maharlica. They could
become slaves through marriage.
Situation 2
If a maharlica would have a
children among their slaves, the
children and their mother will be
free.
SITUATIONS
Situation 3
When a maharlica would have a
children to a slave-woman of
another, the slave woman is
obligated to give her master half of
a gold tael. The children would be
free if he/she is recognized. If not,
he/she will be a whole slave.
Situation 4
If a free woman had children
with a slave they will be all
free. Unless they will not be
married.
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Situation 5
If two persons married whom one was
a maharlica and the other a slave
(namamahay or sa guiguilar) the
children were divided - 1st whether
male or female belong to the father as
did the 3rd and 5th. 2nd, 4th and 6th
belong to mother side. If there should
not be more than one child he was half
free and half slave.
Situation 6
Maharlicas could not after
marriage, move from one village
to another without paying certain
fee in gold.
Situation 7
When one married a woman of
another village, the childen
afterwards divided equally
between the barangays.
Situation 8
Investigation made and
sentences passed by the datu
must take presence of those his
barangay.
Situation 9
They condemned no one to slavery,
unless he merited the death penalty.
As for witches, they kill them, and
their children and accomplices
become slaves of the slaves chief.
SITUATIONS
Situation 11
Situation 10
They do service within the house
All the offense were punished by called slaves or aliping sa
fines in gold which if not paid guiguilar and commoners or
with promptness. This done in ailing namamahay by serving
the following ways: their master in the house but
living independently.
➢Half the cultivated lands and
all their produce belonged to
Situation 12
the master.
Slaves can be emancipated
➢The master provided the through:
culprit with food and clothing,
enslaving the culprit and his 1. By forgiveness
children until such time as he
2. By paying debt
might amass enough money to
pay the fine. 3. By condonation
4.
➢Last and usually the case is By bravery
they remain slaves.
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 MARRIAGE CUSTOMS
➢ Courtship begins with paninilbihan. 1. If the wife left the husband for the
➢ Prior to marriage the man requires purpose of marrying another, all
to give a dowry. her dowry will be given back to the
￫ Bigay-kaya husband; but if she left him and did
￫ Panghihimuyat not marry another, the dowry was
￫ Bigay-suso returned.
➢ Marriage between couples 2. If the husband left his wife, he lost
belonging to different social classes half of the dowry and the other half
were not common. was returned to him.
➢ Several grounds for divorce are 3. If they have children at the time of
adultery and abandonment; on the the divorce, the whole dowry and
part of the husband, the cruelty and the fine will go to the children.
insanity.

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 MARRIAGE CUSTOMS

➢ Upon the death of the wife who had born no children, the parents
should return the one-half of the dowry to the husband.
➢ Upon the death of the husband, one-half of the dowry was returned to
the relatives of the husband.

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 INHERITANCE
➢ The first son of the chief of barangay ➢ Besides his legitimate children, if a man had
inherits his father’s position. also sons (natural children) by a free unmarried
➢ The legitimate children inherited woman (inaasaya) they will not be inherited
equally, except if the parents showed a equally, but only the third part. If there were no
slight partiality by such gifts as two or children by a legitimate wife, but only children
three gold taels or perhaps jewelry. by inaasaya, the latter will inherit it all.

➢ If a man had a children by two or more ➢ If a man had a child by a slave woman, the child
legitimate wives, each child will will not be inherited equally, but only the third
receive the inheritance and dowry of part.
his mother. ➢ If there are no legitimate child the inheritance
➢ If a man had a child by one of his will be given to the father or nearest relatives.
slaves as well as legitimate children, ➢ Adopted children will inherit double of what was
the former had no share in the paid for their adoption.
inheritance.

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 THE WORSHIP OF THE TAGALOGS
➢ They don’t have any temples.
➢ They have a place of adoration that
is called simbahan where they
celebrate festivals
(pandot/worship).
➢ Simbahan has a temporary shed on
each side and a roof (sibi) to
protect the people from getting wet
when it rained.
➢ In a simbahan, small lamps
(sorhile) were placed on posts,
while one large lamp was placed in
the center.
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➢ Simbahan has drums which they beat
successively while the feast lasted. It
usuallys lasted for four days.
➢ During the celebration the whole
barangay or family is united and
joined in the worship (nagaanitos).
➢ The worshipped Bathala, who they
believed to be the maker of all
things.
➢ They also worshipped sun, moon and
stars.
 THE WORSHIP OF THE TAGALOGS

 They had another idol called Diana

Masalanta – who was the patron of
lovers and generation.
 Lacapati and Idianale who were
the patrons of cultivated lands and
of husbandry.
 They also paid reverence to the crocodiles.
(or also known as buaya) from fear of being
harmed by them.
 They had a habit of offering what they have to
animals by throwing portions of what they
carried in the water.

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 THE WORSHIP OF THE TAGALOGS
➢ The natives had no established division of years, months and days.
➢ Their manner of offering sacrifice was to proclaim a feast. This was done in of the idol,
and they praise it by poetic songs sung by the officiating priest (Catolonan).
➢ Reasons for offering sacrifices and adoration:
1. For the recovery of the sick person
2. For prosperous voyage of those embarking on the sea
3. To have a good harvest
4. For a propitious result in war
5. Successful delivery in child birth
6. A happy outcome in married life
➢ Young girls who first had their monthly courses are blindfolded for four days and four
nights, at the end of this period the catalonan will take the young girl to bath her and
wash her head then the blindfold will be removed.

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 DISTINCTIONS MADE AMONG THE PRIESTS OF THE DEVIL

CATALONAN MANGAGAUAY MANYISALAT MANCOCOLAM HOCLOBAN SILAGAN

ALL ALL ALL ALL CATANDUANES CATANDUANES

PHILIPPINES PHILIPPINES PHILIPPINES PHILIPPINES -a witch that is -kills anyone
-Priest or -witches -applies remedy -emits fire that greater than who is clothed in
priestess -someone who to lovers to cannot be mangagauay white by tearing
-someone who pretends to heal abandon and extinguished -causes death by his liver and
communicates the person with despise their -causes death only raising a eating it.
with spirits sickness own wives. and illness hand

MAGTATANGAL OSUANG MANGAGAYOMA SONAT PANGATAHOJAN BAYOGUIN

CATANDUANES VISAYAS ALL PHILIPIINES ALL PHILIPIINES ALL PHILIPIINES ALL PHILIPIINES
-shows himself at -sorcerer -a witch who -a preacher -soothsayer -cot quean
night without his -can fly and eats makes charms to -helps people to -predicts the -homosexual
head or entrails. flesh deceive people to die in the time he future
falling in love. predicted

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 MANNER OF BURYING THE DEAD
➢ Tagalogs
The deceased is buried beside his
house. When it’s the chief or datos
he’s buried beneath a little house or
porch we is specifically made for
this purpose. The dead is mourned
for four days and four nights. If the
deceased is a warrior, a living slave
is tied beneath his body until he dies
and the relative will sing praises
about his good quality. This grief is
accompanied by eating and
drinking.
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➢ Aetas or Negrillos
They dug a deep hole and place the
deceased body in it with its head or
crown unburied covering the head
with a coconut as a shield. Then they
hunt an Indian for retribution of their
Negrillo. They wear a certain token on
their neck until they have procured
the death of the innocent one.
 CUSTOMS
➢ Maca ➢ Vibit
What they believed as heaven or
Ghosts
a place of rest. Only the people who
lived without doing any harm or ➢ Tigbalaang
possessed moral virtues can go to Phantoms
this place.
➢ Patianac
➢ Casanaan
A woman who died in
What they believed as a place of
childbirth.The mother and the child
punishment, grief and affliction.
are suffering. Thus, it can be heard at
➢ Sitan night.
The demon that can be dealt in
Casanaan.

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 THANKS!
Any questions?
GROUP 4 –
DE GUZMAN, Regina Carla B DY, Ross Aliana A.
DELA TORRE JR., Eric B. DEOSO, Clarenz V.
DELGADO, Jean Luise T. FABRICANTE, Nikka M.

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