Presentation by Aarti

Declaration And Initialization

 MEMORY
ALLOCATION

STATIC(AT
DYNAMIC(AT
COMPILE
RUNTIME)
TIME)

Eg. Static
MALLOC CALLOC Int a =5;
(MEMORY (CONTIGUOUS
ALLOCATION.) ALLOCATION.)

FREE(FREES REALLOC(M
PREVIOUSLY ODIFIES SIZE
ALLOCATED OF
SPACE.) PREVIOUSLY
ASSIGNED
SPACE.)
 POINTER AND ONE DIMENSIONAL
ARRAY
The array declared as: static int x[5]={1,2,3,4,5};
 Is stored as follows:

Elements x[0] x[1] x[2] x[3] x[4]

1 2 3 4 5
Value
Address 1000 1002 1004 1006 1008
assignment statement: p=x; which is equivalent to
p=&x[0]; now we can access every value of x using
p++ to move from one element to another
P=&x[0] (=1000),p+1=&x[1] (=1002) ,p+2=&x[2]
(=1004),p+3=&x[3] (=1006)
The address of an element is calculated using
its index and the scale factor of the data type.
Eg. address of x[3]=base address+(3*scale
factor of int)
=1000+(3*2)=1006

Example of pointer and one dimensional array :

#include<stdio.h> Output:
The address of a is
#include<conio.h>
=65524
Void main() The address of b is
{ =65522
Int a=10,b=20,*p1,*p2; The value on
Clrscr(); address 65524 is
P1=&a; =10
P2=&b; The value on
Printf(“the address of a is =%u\n”,p1); address 65522 is
=20
Printf(“the address of b is =%u\n”,p2);
The update value
Printf(“the value on address %u is =%d\n”,p1,a); of a and b is
Printf(“the value on address %u is =%d\n”,p2,b); =100,25
*p1=*p1*10;
*p2=*p2+5;
Printf(“the update value of a and b is =%d\n”,*p1,*p2);
Getch();
}
 POINTERS AND
MULTIDIMENSIONAL ARRAYS
 Pointer And Two Dimensional Array
 Pointer And Three Dimensional Array

 2-D Array :A Two Dimensional Array Can Be

Defined As A Pointer To A Group Of A
Contiguous One Dimensional Arrays.
2-D Array Declaration :
data_type(*ptvar)[expression 2];
Rather then data_type
array[expression1][expression 2];
 Eg.Suppose that x is a 2-D array having 10 rows and 20
columns.
Declare x as int(*x)[20];rather than int x[10][20]
X is defined to be a pointer to a group of contiguous,1-
d,20 element integer arrays.Thus,x points to the first 20-
elements array. Thus, x points to first 20-elements
array,which is actually the first row(row 0) of the original
2-D array.Similarly,(x+1) points to the second 20-
elements array,which is the second row (row 1) of the
original 2-D array and so on,
first 1-D Array
X->
second 1-D Array
X->
nth 1-D Array
X->
#include<stdio.h> Output:
#include<conio.h> The address of 0th
Void main() array =0012FEA8
{ 0012FEA8
10 10 11 11 12 12 13
Int arr[3][4]={{10,11,12,13},{20,21,22,23}, 13
{30,31,32,33}},i,j; The address of 1th
Clrscr(); array =0012FEB8
For(i=0;i<3;i++) 0012FFB8
{ 20 20 21 21 22 22
23 23
Printf(“the address of %dth array =%u %u\n”,i, The address of 2th
arr[i],*(arr+i)); array =0012FEC8
For(j=0;j<4,j++) 0012FEC8
Printf(“%d %d,arr[i][j],*(*(arr+i)+j)); 30 30 31 31 32 32
33 33
Printf(“\n”);
}
Getch();
}
Pointer and 3-D array
Declaration:
int arr[2][3][2]={{{5,10},{6,11},{7,12}},
{{20,30},{21,31},{22,32}}};
We Can Consider A Three Dimensional Array To Be
An Array Of 2-D Arrays I.E. Each Element Of A 3-D
Array Is Considerd To Be A 2-D Array.The 3-D Array
Arr Can Be Considerd As An Array Consisting Of
Two Elements Where Each Element Is A 2-D Array.
0th 2-D array 1st 2-D array
5 10 6 11 7 12 20 30 21 31 22 32
Oth element of 1st 1-D array of 2nd 1-D array of 1st2-D array
oth 1-D array of oth 2-D array oth element of
oth 2-D array oth 1-D array of
1st 2-D array
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h> Output:
Void main() { 5 10
6 11
{ for(k=0;k<2,k++)
7 12
Int arr[2][3][2]={ printf(“%d\t”, 20 30
*(*(*(arr+i)+j)+k)); 21 31
{ printf(“\n”); 22 32
{5,10}, }
{6,11}, getch();
{7,12}, }
},
{
{20,30},
{21,31},
{22,32},
}
},i,j,k;

Clrscr();
For(i=0;i<2;i++)
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
We can declare an array that contains pointers as its ARRAY OF POINTER
Elements. Every element of this array is a pointer variable that can hold address of
any variable of appropriate type.
Syntax: data_type*array name[size];
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
Void main()
{ int*a1[5],i,a=10,b=20,c=30,d=40,e=50;
a1[0]=&a;
Output:
a1[1]=&b; 15
a1[2]=&c; 65514
a1[3]=&d; 25
65512
a1[4]=&e; 35
For(i=1;i<5;i++) 65510
{ *a1[i]=*a1[i]+5; 45
65508
printf(“%d”,*a1[i]); 55
printf(“%u”,a1[i]); 65506
}
getch();
 Pointer to pointer
pointer is a variable that can contain memory address.this pointer
takes some space in memory and hence it also has an address.we can
store the address of a pointer variable in some other variable,which
is known as a pointerOutput:
to pointer variable.
#include<stdio.h> address of i=65522
#include<conio.h> address of i=65522
Void main() address of i=65522
address of j=65524
{
The value of i=3
Int *j,**k,i=3; The value of i=3
Clrscr();
J=&i;
K=&j;
Printf(“address of i =%u”,&i);
Printf(“address of i =%u”, j);
Printf(“address of i =%u”,*k);
Printf(“address of j =%u”, &j);
Printf(“the value of i =%d”,**k);
Printf(“the value of i =%d”,*j);
getch();
}
Pointer and
functions