Discover fundamentals of the Internet and World Wide Web

Chapter 2
Fundamentals of the World Wide Web

and Internet
Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Objectives Overview
Identify and briefly describe

various broadband Internet
Discuss the evolution of the connections and state Describe the types of Internet
Internet differences between broadband access providers
Internet connections and dial-
up connections
Describe how to use a search

Describe the purpose of an IP Explain the purpose of a Web engine to search for
address and its relationship to a browser and identify the information on the Web and
domain name components of a Web address differentiate between a search
engine and a subject directory
See Page 73 2
for Detailed Objectives Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Objectives Overview
Explain how Web pages use

Identify and briefly describe
Describe the types of Web graphics, animation, audio,
the steps required for Web
sites video, virtual reality, and
publishing
plug-ins
Explain how e-mail, mailing

lists, instant messaging,
Describe the types of e- Identify the rules of
chat rooms, VoIP,
commerce netiquette
newsgroups and message
boards, and FTP work
See Page 73 3
for Detailed Objectives Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
The Internet
• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks

that links millions of businesses, government
agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
Page 74 4
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-1
Evolution of the Internet
• The Internet originated as ARPANET in September

1969 and had two main goals:
Allow scientists at
Function even if part of
different physical
the network were
locations to share
disabled or destroyed
information and work
by a disaster
together
Page 75 5
1986 NSF
connects
NSFnet to
1969 ARPANET and
ARPANET becomes 1996
becomes known as the Internet2 is
functional Internet founded
1984 1995 NSFNet Today More

ARPANET has terminates than 550
more than its network million hosts
1,000 on the connect to
individual Internet and the Internet
computers resumes
linked as status as
hosts research
network
Pages 75 - 76 6
• Each organization is responsible only for

maintaining its own network
– The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) oversees
research and sets guidelines and standards
• Internet2 connects more than 200 universities
and 115 companies via a high-speed private
network
Page 76 7
• Many home and small business users connect to

the Internet via high-speed broadband Internet
service
Fiber to
Cable Cellular Satellite
the Fixed
Internet DSL Radio Wi-Fi Internet
Premises wireless
service Network Service
(FTTP)
Page 76 8
• An access provider is a business that provides individuals

and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee
Page 77 9
Figure 2-2
Internet service provider
• An ISP (Internet service provider) is a regional or national access
provider.
• A regional ISP usually provides Internet access to a specific geographic
area.
• A national ISP is a business that provides Internet access in cities and
towns nationwide.
• an online service provider (OSP) also has many members-only features.
• These features include special content and services such as news,
weather, legal information, financial data, hardware and software guides,
games, travel guides, e-mail, photo communities, online calendars, and
instant messaging.
• The two more popular OSPs are AOL (America Online) and MSN
(Microsoft Network).
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 10

• A wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is a
company that provides wireless Internet access to
computers and mobile devices, such as smart
phones and PDAs, with built-in wireless capability
or to computers with wireless modems or wireless
access devices.
• Examples of wireless Internet service providers
include Boingo Wireless, Cingular Wireless, T-
Mobile, and Verizon Wireless.
ISP (Internet Online service Wireless Internet

service provider) provider (OSP) service provider
Regional ISPs Provides wireless

provide Internet Has many members- Internet access to
access to a specific only features computers and
geographical area mobile devices
National ISPs Popular OSPs include

provide Internet AOL (America May require a
access in cities and Online) and MSN wireless modem
towns nationwide (Microsoft Network)
Page 78 12
Page 79 13
Figure 2-3
• An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each

computer or device connected to the Internet
• A domain name is the text version of an IP address
• Top-level domain (TLD) which is the last section of the domain name .
• A DNS server translates the domain name into its
associated IP address
Pages 79 – 80 14
Figure 2-4
Page 80 15
Figure 2-5
The World Wide Web
• The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a

worldwide collection of electronic documents (Web
pages)
• A Web site is a collection of related Web pages and
associated items
• A Web server is a computer that delivers requested
Web pages to your computer
• Web 2.0 to refer to Web sites that allow users to
modify Web site content, provide a means for users
to share personal information, and have application
software built into the site for visitors to use.
Pages 80 - 81 16
The World Wide Web
• A Web browser, or browser, allows users to

access Web pages and Web 2.0 programs
Internet
Firefox Opera
Explorer
Google
Safari
Chrome
Page 81 17
Page 81 18
Figure 2-6
The World Wide Web
• A home page is the first • Some Web pages are

page that a Web site designed specifically for
displays microbrowsers
• Web pages provide
links/hyperlink to other
related Web pages
• Surfing the Web(to refer to the activity of
using links to explore the Web.)
• Downloading is the
process of receiving
information
Pages 82 - 83 19
Figure 2-7 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
The World Wide Web
• A Web page has a unique address called a URL or

Web address
Pages 82 – 83 20
Figure 2-8
The World Wide Web
• Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple

Web pages in a single Web browser window
Page 84 21
Figure 2-9
The World Wide Web
• Two types of search tools are search engines and

subject directories
Search Subject
engine directory
Finds information related to a
specific topic
or Classifies Web pages in an organized
set of categories such as sports or
is a program that finds Web sites, shopping,
Web pages, images,
videos, news, and other information.
Page 85 22
Page 85 23
Figure 2-10
The World Wide Web
• A search engine is helpful in locating items such

as:
Images Videos Audio Publications
People or
Maps Blogs
Businesses
Page 85 24
Page 86 25
Figure 2-11
The World Wide Web
• Some Web browsers contain an Instant Search

box to eliminate the steps of displaying the search
engine’s Web page prior to entering the search
text
Page 87 26
Figure 2-12
The World Wide Web
• Search operators can help to refine your search
Page 87 27
Figure 2-13
The World Wide Web
• There are thirteen types of Web sites
Portal News Informational Business/Marketing
Blog Wiki Online Social Educational

Network
Pages 88 – 91 28
Figure 2-15
The World Wide Web
Entertainment Advocacy Web

Application
Content Personal
Aggregator
Pages 91 – 92 29
Figure 2-15
• A portal is a Web site that offers a variety of Internet
services from a single, convenient location
• Most portals offer the following free services: search
engine and/or subject directory; news; sports and
weather; Web publishing; reference tools such as
yellow pages
• Popular portals include AltaVista, AOL, Excite,
GO.com, LookSmart, Lycos, MSN, NBCi, Netscape,
and Yahoo

• NEWS A news Web site contains newsworthy
material including stories and articles relating to
current events, life, money, sports, and the weather.
• INFORMATIONAL An informational Web site
• contains factual information
• Many United States government agencies have
informational Web sites providing information such
as census data, tax codes, and the congressional
budget.
• BUSINESS/MARKETING A business/marketing Web
site contains content that promotes or sells products
or services
• EDUCATIONAL An educational Web site offers
• exciting, challenging avenues for formal and informal
teaching and learning
• ENTERTAINMENT An entertainment Web site
• offers an interactive and engaging environment
• entertainment Web sites offer music, videos, sports,
games, ongoing Web episodes, sweepstakes, chats,
and more
• ADVOCACY An advocacy Web site contains
• content that describes a cause, opinion, or idea
• These Web sites usually present views of a particular group
or association.
• BLOG A blog, short for Weblog, is an informal Web site
consisting of time-stamped articles, or posts, in a diary or
journal format, usually listed in reverse chronological order
• A blog that contains video clips is called a video blog or
vlog.
• The term blogosphere refers to the worldwide collection of
blogs, and the vlogosphere refers to all vlogs worlwide
• WIKI A wiki is a collaborative Web site that allows
users to create, add to, modify, or delete the Web
site content via their Web browser.
• ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKS An online social
network, also called a social networking Web
site, is a Web site that encourages members in its
online community to share their interests, ideas,
stories, photos, music, and videos with other
registered users. Face book example
• A media sharing Web site is a specific type of online
social network that enables members to share media
such as photos, music, and videos.
• Flickr, Fotki, and Webshots are popular photo sharing
communities.
• CONTENT AGGREGATOR A content aggregator is a
business that gathers and organizes Web content and
• then distributes, or feeds, the content to subscribers
for free or a fee. Examples of distributed content
include news, music, video, and pictures
• PERSONAL A private individual or family not
usually associated with any organization may
maintain a personal Web site.
• Some are job hunting. Others simply want to
share life experiences with the world

Video: Tell Your Stories via Vlog
CLICK TO START
37
The World Wide Web
• Information presented
on the Web must be
evaluated for accuracy
• No one oversees the
content of Web pages
Page 92 38
The World Wide Web
• Multimedia refers to any application that

combines text with:
Page 92 39
The World Wide Web
• A graphic is a digital
representation of
nontext information
• Graphic formats include
BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG,
and TIFF
Page 93 40
The World Wide Web
• A thumbnail is a small
version of a larger
graphic
Page 94 41
The World Wide Web
• Animation is the appearance of motion created

by displaying a series of still images in sequence
Page 94 42
The World Wide Web
• Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound

– Compressed to reduce file size
• You listen to audio on your computer using a player
• Streaming is the process of transferring data in a
continuous and even flow
Pages 94 – 95 43
Figure 2-20
• A podcast is recorded audio, usually an MP3 file,
stored on a Web site that can be downloaded to a
computer or a portable media player such as an
iPod.
• Examples of podcasts include music, radio shows,
news stories, classroom lectures, political
messages, and television commentaries.

Page 95 45
Figure 2-21
The World Wide Web
• Video consists of images displayed in motion
Page 96 46
Figure 2-22
The World Wide Web
• Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to

simulate a real or imagined environment that
appears as a three-dimensional space
Pages 96 – 97 47
Figure 2-23
The World Wide Web
• Most Web browsers have the capability of displaying basic
multimedia elements on a Web page. Sometimes, a browser
might need an additional program, called a plug-in
• A plug-in is a program that extends the capability of a Web
browser
Page 97 48
Figure 2-24
The World Wide Web
• Web publishing is the development and

maintenance of Web pages
Analyze
Maintain
Plan a and Create a Deploy a
a Web
Web site design a Web site Web site
site
Web site
Page 98 49
E-Commerce
• E-commerce is a business transaction that occurs

over an electronic network
• Buying and selling of goods over internet
M-Commerce
Buying and selling of goods over internet using
mobile phone example mobile app
– M-commerce identifies e-commerce that takes place
using mobile devices
Page 98 50
E-Commerce
Business-
to-
consumer
(B2C)
E-commerce
Business- Consumer-
to- to-
business consumer
(B2B) (C2C)
Pages 98 - 99 51
Business-to-consumer (B2C)
• Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce consists of the
sale of goods and services to the general public. For
example, Dell has a B2C Web site. Instead of visiting a
computer store to purchase a computer, customers can
order one directly from the Dell Web site.
• A customer (consumer) visits an online business through an
electronic storefront, which contains product descriptions,
graphics, and a shopping cart.
• The shopping cart allows the customer to collect
purchases.
• online auction, users bid on an item being sold by someone
else. The highest bidder at the end of the bidding period
purchases the item.
Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
• Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce occurs

• when one consumer sells directly to another, such
as in an online auction. eBay is one of the more
popular online auction Web sites.olex

• Most e-commerce, though, actually takes place between
businesses, which is called business-to business (B2B) e-
commerce.
• Many businesses provide goods and services to other
businesses, such as online advertising, recruiting, credit,
sales, market research, technical support, and training.
• As an alternative to entering credit card, bank account, or
other financial information online, some shopping and
auction Web sites allow consumers to use an online
payment service such as PayPal or Google Checkout

Page 99 55
Figure 2-25
Other Internet Services
• E-mail is the
transmission of
messages and files via a
computer network
• An e-mail program
allows you to create,
send, receive, forward,
store, print, and delete
e-mail messages
Page 101 56
Page 102 57
Figure 2-27
• A mailing list is a group of e-mail names and addresses

given a single name
– Subscribing adds your e-mail name and address
– Unsubscribing removes your name
Page 103 58
Figure 2-28
• Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet

communications service
Page 104 59
Figure 2-29
• A chat is a real-time
typed conversation that
takes place on a
computer
• A chat room is a
location on an Internet
server that permits
users to chat with each
other
Page 105 60
Figure 2-30
• VoIP (Voice over IP)

enables users to speak
to other users over the
Internet
– Also called Internet
telephony
Page 106 61
Figure 2-31
• A newsgroup is an
online area in which
users have written
discussions about a
particular subject
– Typically requires a
newsreader
• A message board is a
Web-based type of
discussion group
Page 107 62
Figure 2-32
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard

that permits file uploading and downloading with
other computers on the Internet
• Many operating systems include FTP capabilities
• An FTP server is a computer that allows users to
upload and/or download files using FTP
Page 107 63
Netiquette
• Netiquette is the code of acceptable Internet

behavior
Page 108 64
Figure 2-33
Summary
Browsing, navigating,
History and structure of searching, Web
World Wide Web
the Internet publishing, and
e-commerce
Other Internet services:

e-mail, instant
messaging, chat rooms, Rules of netiquette
VoIP, newsgroups and
message boards, and FTP
Page 109 65
Chapter 2
Fundamentals of the World Wide Web
and Internet
Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Chapter 2 Complete
Project due Oct. 10
• Use WWW to find ten best home pages about the following ten
topics and sort
• them by content quality, completeness, and relevance:
• Trinidad Tobago, San Francisco, Taipei Satellite Images,
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Harvard University, Science
Citation Index,
• Airbus A380, HTC, Bioinformatics, National Parks in United States.
• Each of the ten best home pages must have different domain name.
10A-
67

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Chapter 2

Fundamentals of the World Wide Web

Identify and briefly describe

Describe how to use a search

Explain how Web pages use

Explain how e-mail, mailing

• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks

• The Internet originated as ARPANET in September

1984 1995 NSFNet Today More

• Each organization is responsible only for

• Many home and small business users connect to

• An access provider is a business that provides individuals

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 10

ISP (Internet Online service Wireless Internet

Regional ISPs Provides wireless

National ISPs Popular OSPs include

• An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each

• The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a

• A Web browser, or browser, allows users to

• A home page is the first • Some Web pages are

• A Web page has a unique address called a URL or

• Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple

• Two types of search tools are search engines and

• A search engine is helpful in locating items such

Images Videos Audio Publications

• Some Web browsers contain an Instant Search

• Search operators can help to refine your search

• There are thirteen types of Web sites

Portal News Informational Business/Marketing

Blog Wiki Online Social Educational

Entertainment Advocacy Web

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 30

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 36

• Multimedia refers to any application that

• Animation is the appearance of motion created

• Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 44

• Video consists of images displayed in motion

• Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to

• Web publishing is the development and

• E-commerce is a business transaction that occurs

• Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce occurs

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 53

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2 54

• A mailing list is a group of e-mail names and addresses

• Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet

• VoIP (Voice over IP)

• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard

• Netiquette is the code of acceptable Internet

Other Internet services:

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