ANALISA ANGKUTAN SEDIMEN SUNGAI

1. SEDIMEN DASAR
1) Karakteristik Material Dasar (Grain Size Graph, ρs)
2) Geometri Sungai
3) Discharge Rating Curve (Qw vs H)
4) Lengkung Masa Debit.

1. SEDIMEN LAYANG
1) Sediment Rating Curve (C vs Qw), atau (Qs vs Qw)
2) Discharge Rating Curve (Qw vs H)
3) Lengkung Masa Debit.
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
 LENGKUNG DEBIT
Solo Hilir di Babat
10

Q = 0,1207h0,5892
8
R² = 0,788
Kedalaman Air (m)

0
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000
Q (m3/s)
LENGKUNG MASA DEBIT
 BED LOAD TRANSPORT
Shields equation (shear stress approach):
qb  o  c  q b S
 10
o  c 
 10
qS gd q S2
 S    d
2

in which:
qb = bed load per unit width (m2/s)
q = unit discharge (m2/s)
∆ = (s- )/  (0,06 < ∆ < 3,2)
d = representative particle diameter (1,56 mm <d< 2,47 mm)
S = bed slope
 BED LOAD TRANSPORT
Kalinske equation (shear stress approach):
2
qb  U  2

 10 
*

U*d  gd 
in which:
qb = bed load per unit width (m2/s)
∆ = (s- )/ 
g = acceleration due to gravity (m/s2)
U* = kecepatan geser (m/s)
d = diameter sedimen rerata (m)

Not be good for high transport rate

 BED LOAD TRANSPORT
Schoklitsch equation (discharge approach):
3
q b  2.500S q  q cr 
2

 d
5 3
3 2

qcr  0,26 7
S 6

in which:
qb = bed load per unit width (kg/m.s)
q = unit discharge (m3/m.s)
qcr = unit discharge at threoshold condition (m3/m.s)
∆ = (s- )/ 
S = bed slope
 BED LOAD TRANSPORT
Meyer-Peter-Mueller equation
(energy slope approach): 3
3  C channel  2

 RS   2
 
q b  8 gd 
3
  0,047   C 
 d    grain 
in which:  12R 
qb = bed load per unit width (m2/s) C  10 log 
 k 
R = hydraulic radius (m)
S = bed slope (-)
μ = dependent on bedform (-)
g = percepatan gravitasi (m/s2)
d = diamater rerata butiran sedimen (m)
 MEASUREMENT OF SUSPENDED LOAD

1. Bed Load Sampling

2. Suspended Sediment Sampling
1) Vertical Concentration Gradient
2) Sampling Location
3) Depth-Integrating Sampler
4) Point Integrating Sampler
3. Continuous Turbidity Measurement
1) Type of Turbidimeters
2) Relationship between Turbidity and Suspended Solids
3) Limitations of Turbidity Data
BEDLOAD MEASUREMENT
• Title: Small Bedload Sampler
• Description: Named for co-inventors Ed
Helley and Winchell Smith; built in the
1960s by Vigus and Lyle, machinists in
the Geology Department of the
University of California, Berkeley. This
sampler was first used in California and
later at several locations around the
country. Bedload samplers are used to
sample sand, silt, gravel or rock debris
carried by a stream or immediately
above the stream bed. This sampler
weighs 65 lb, larger versions weigh over
100 lb. Object ID: USGS-000760
Measured bedload sediment for 55 various Colorado Rivers (from
Williams and Rosgen 1989)
Bedload sediment rating curves stratified by stream type; from
the same data set as used for Figure II-25 (Rosgen 1996)
Helley-Smith Bedload Sampler
BEDLOAD MEASUREMENT
Hydrological Services Handheld Bedload Sampler
Hand Held Sampler
• Easy to Use
• Used for Wading Measurements
• Field Sample Weighing System
• Cast Aluminium Construction
SPECIFICATION
Orifice: 76mm x 76mm
Body: Epoxy coated cast aluminium
Wading Rods: (2 X 0.5 m ) Stainless Steel
Sections supplied as standard.
Additional 0.5 m sections are
available on request
Sample Bag: Polyester mono filament bag of
0.2mm mesh - will not absorb water.
Carry Bag: Canvas
Packed Weight : 4 kg
Packed Dimension: (700x300x300) mm
BEDLOAD MEASUREMENT
• The sediment grabber is a simple
device, the sort of thing that shows
up in Engineering Statics
homework assignments: it's open
as it drops to the bottom, because
there's no force on the handles;
when you pull up on the handles, it
closes, trapping a chunk of mud
and gravel (sediment) inside. Then
you haul it back on the boat, dump
the contents in a big box with a
mesh bottom, and wash away the
mud to eveal the biomass -- usually
flatworms. (Ugh. I am so not a
biologist.)
BEDLOAD MEASUREMENT
 GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION
Sediment Grade Scale Approximate Threshold Conditions for Granular Material
(Julien, 1995) (Julien 1995).
Diameter -- Angle of Repose --
Class Name Size range [mm]
ds Ratio f
Class Name Type mm H:V degrees
Sand ----------
> from Horiz.
Very coarse 2.000 - 1.000
Boulder Very Large 2048 1.11 : 1 42
Coarse 1.000 - 0.500
Large 1024 42
Medium 0.500 - 0.250
Medium 512 42
Fine 0.250 - 0.125
Small 256 42
Very fine 0.125 - 0.062 Cobble Large 128 42
Small 64 1.15 : 1 41
Silt ---------- Gravel Very Coarse 32 1.19 : 1 40
Coarse 0.062 - 0.031 Coarse 16 1.28 : 1 38
Medium 0.031 - 0.016 Medium 8 1.38 : 1 36
Fine 0.016 - 0.008 Fine 4 1.43 : 1 35
Very fine 0.008 - 0.004 Very Fine 2 1.54 : 1 33

Sand Very Coarse 1 1.6 : 1 32

Clay ---------- Coarse 0.5 1.66 : 1 31
Medium 0.25 1.73 : 1 30
Coarse 0.00400 - 0.00200
Fine 0.125 30
Medium 0.00200 - 0.00100
Very Fine 0.0625 30
Fine 0.00100 - 0.00050 Silt Coarse 0.03125 30
Very fine 0.00050 - 0.00024 Medium 0.015625 30
GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS
 MEASUREMENT OF SUSPENDED LOAD
1. The US DH-95TM is a light-weight suspended-sediment/water-quality
sampler capable of being used as a hand-line sampler.
2. It is approximately the same size as the US DH-59 and US DH-76
samplers. Neither the US DH-59 or US DH-76 can meet the standards for a
"clean" water-quality/suspended sediment samplers.
• The US DH-95TM weighs approximately 29 lbs. and is
22 inches in length from the tip of the intake nozzle to
the rear of the tailfin or 17 inches with out the intake
nozzle and bottle.
• The unsampled zone, the distance between the
centerline of the nozzle and the streambed, is 4.8
inches. The sampler is designed to use a one liter
Teflon or plastic bottle adapted to the US D-95 CapTM
or US D-77 sampler cap and nozzle. The bottle cavity
is machined from a low-lead bronze casting and is
coated with plastic. The tail section is constructed
from a plastic.
 MEASUREMENT OF SUSPENDED LOAD
Depth-Integrating Suspended-Sediment Sampler Model
DH 59
This sampler is equipped with a tail vane
assembly to orient the intake nozzle of
the sampler into the approaching flow as
the sampler enters the water.
The sample container is sealed against a
gasket in the head cavity of the casting
by pressure applied to the base of the
bottle by a hand-operated spring-
tensioned pull-rod assembly at the tail of
the sampler.
Suspended-sediment samples, collected
by the intake nozzle projecting
horizontally upstream from the head of
the casting, are discharged into the
bottle containers.
 SNI 3414:2008

Tata cara pengambilan contoh

muatan sedimen melayang di sungai
dengan cara integrasi kedalaman
berdasarkan pembagian debit
MEASUREMENT OF SUSPENDED LOAD
 MEASUREMENT OF SUSPENDED LOAD

Methods of Sampling
• Depth Integrating Method:
– Water depth < 4.5 m two direction (up and down)
– 4.5 m < Water depth < 9 m one direction
– Water Depth > 9 m vertical should be divided into some parts
• Point Integration Method:
– Two points; one from surface and the other from the bottom
– Three points; one from surface, second from mid‐depth and third from
bottom.
– Two points; one from 80 % and the other 20% of water depth C mean
= 3/8*C1 + 5/8*C2
 MEASUREMENT OF SUSPENDED LOAD

Frequency of Sampling:
• Variations in the sediment load occur due to;
– Storm characteristics
– Size, shape, geological and topographic features of
drainage area
– Stream characteristics
• Sediments should be measured twice a week but
sampling intervals can also be varied from day to a
week during low and mean water or daily during
floods.
 MEASUREMENT OF SUSPENDED LOAD

Suspended Sediment Load Samplers

• Instantaneous Suspended Load Samplers
• Time Integrating Suspended Load Samplers
– Point‐Integrating Suspended Sediment Samplers
– Depth‐Integrating Suspended Sediment Samplers
MEASUREMENT OF SUSPENDED LOAD
MEASUREMENT OF SUSPENDED LOAD
MEASUREMENT OF SUSPENDED LOAD
MEASUREMENT OF SUSPENDED LOAD
 MEASUREMENT OF SUSPENDED LOAD

The US DH-2A Sampler

The US DH-2A is an enhanced version
of the US DH-2 sampler developed by
the Federal Interagency
Sedimentation Project (FISP).
Average annual sediment yield rate versus drainage area
size. 103-D- 1806.
 SUSPENDED SEDIMENT VS DISCHARGE

Qs= a Qwb
where:
Qs = suspended transport, in tons per day,
Qw = discharge, in cubic feet (cubic meters) per
second,
a = coefficient, and
b = exponent.
Suspended sediment rating curve for Rio Too Vaco. Near
Villalba, Puerto Rico. 103-D-1807.
Basin : Upper Solo
Station : Jarum

Date
Gauge
Level (m)
Discharge
(m3/s)
Sendiment
Concentration
(mg/lt)
Sendiment
Concentration
(kg/m3)
SUSPENDED LOAD
Dec. 19, ' 88 0.56 13.84 370.00 0.37
Dec. 19, ' 88 0.60 13.78 460.00 0.46
Dec. 20, ' 88 0.36 27.29 80.00 0.08
Dec. 22, ' 88 0.45 57.42 1,030.00 1.03
Jan. 04, ' 89 1.42 165.42 2,290.00 2.29
Jan. 04, ' 89 1.30 101.48 1,680.00 1.68
Jan. 05, ' 89 0.33 53.98 730.00 0.73
Jan. 25, ' 89 0.10 33.44 100.00 0.10
Jan. 27, ' 89 0.29 39.87 110.00 0.11
Jan. 27, ' 89 0.09 41.90 1,220.00 1.22
Jan. 28, ' 89 0.15 50.64 1,940.00 1.94
Feb. 07, ' 89 0.18 38.37 210.00 0.21
Feb. 09, ' 89 0.28 59.12 860.00 0.86
Feb. 11, ' 89 0.85 12.05 30.00 0.03
Aug. 31, ' 92 0.96 188.66 1,510.00 1.51
Aug. 31, ' 92 1.27 160.21 1,990.00 1.99
Sep. 21, ' 92 0.18 0.19 140.00 0.14
Oct. 13, ' 92 0.78 0.83 60.00 0.06
Oct. 24, ' 92 0.85 0.55 160.00 0.16
Nov. 17, ' 92 0.62 1.76 150.00 0.15
Nov. 30, ' 92 0.34 16.86 730.00 0.73
Dec. 01, ' 92 0.30 19.97 230.00 0.23
Dec. 16, ' 92 0.52 8.76 170.00 0.17
Dec. 17, ' 92 0.63 3.47 150.00 0.15
Feb. 08, ' 94 0.40 10.99 50.00 0.05
Feb. 10, ' 94 1.60 58.99 1,930.00 1.93
Mar. 23, ' 94 2.24 64.72 700.00 0.70
Oct. 14, ' 94 0.12 0.01 1,040.00 1.04
Nov. 23, ' 94 0.47 0.08 160.00 0.16
Jun. 16, ' 95 0.79 5.79 40.00 0.04
Jul. 06, ' 95 0.77 4.91 40.00 0.04
Oct. 26, ' 95 0.33 0.26 100.00 0.10
Des. 18, ' 95 0.81 5.70 100.00 0.10
 SEDIMENT RATING CURVE
Tanggal Jam Q, m3/dt C, mg/lt
DATA HASIL PENGUKURAN 3-Dec-92 0:00
6:00 1.18 127
KONSENTRASI SEDIMEN LAYANG 12:00 2.79 129
17:00 1.80 145
21:00 11.24 1,250
Nama Sungai : Lusi 21:30 21.78 1,675
22:00 34.29 1,890
Lokasi : .. 22:30 41.17 7,920
23:00 60.04 7,945
Waktu Pengukuran : .. 23:30 76.66 8,420
4-Dec-92 0:00 92.67 8,529
0:30 108.65 8,670
1:00 133.56 9,015
1:30 136.65 9,112
Apa yang perlu diukur: 2:00 143.96 9,004
2:30 179.26 8,971
1. Penampang sungai (cross section) 3:00 151.93 6,240
3:30 157.31 6,751
2. Tinggi muka air (Peil schall atau 4:00 160.03 6,685
AWLR) 5:00 161.12 6,742
6:00 154.61 6,021
3. Kecepatan Arus 8:00 136.13 6,080
10:00 118.42 4,200
4. Pengambilan sampel air untuk analisa 12:00 94.51 4,478
14:00 72.31 4,560
konsentrasi sedimen layang 16:00 54.15 3,798
18:00 9.64 3,981
5-Dec-92 6:00 6.47 2,605
12:00 3.91 1,070
17:00 5.14 895
6-Dec-92 6:00 3.10 623
12:00 1.54 305
17:00 0.02 317
Sactter plot data konsentrasi sedimen layang terhadap debit air.
DISCHARGE MASS CURVE