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Chapter 05a Image Restoration
Chapter 05a Image Restoration
Christophoros Nikou
cnikou@cs.uoi.gr
Immanuel Kant
Gaussian Rayleigh
models for the image
noise term η(x, y):
– Gaussian
• Most common model Erlang Exponential
– Rayleigh
– Erlang (Gamma)
– Exponential
Uniform
– Uniform Impulse
– Impulse
• Salt and pepper noise
Histogram to go here
g ( s, t )
( s ,t )S xy
Q 1
fˆ ( x, y )
g ( s, t )
( s ,t )S xy
Q
Image
Original image corrupted
by Gaussian
noise
3x3
Geometric
3x3 Mean Filter
Arithmetic (less blurring
Mean Filter than AMF, the
image is
sharper)
C. Nikou – Digital Image Processing (E12)
17 Noise Removal Examples (cont…)
Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)
Image corrupted by
pepper noise at 0.1
Image corrupted by
salt noise at 0.1
Min Filter:
fˆ ( x, y) min {g (s, t )}
( s ,t )S xy
1
fˆ ( x, y )
mn d
g ( s, t )
( s ,t )S xy
r
Image Result of 1
corrupted pass with a
by Salt And 3x3 Median
Pepper noise Filter
at 0.2
Result of 2 Result of 3
passes with passes with
a 3x3 Median a 3*3 Median
Filter Filter
Repeated passes remove the noise better but also blur the image
C. Nikou – Digital Image Processing (E12)
26 Noise Removal Examples (cont…)
Images taken from Gonzalez & Woods, Digital Image Processing (2002)
Image Image
corrupted corrupted
by Pepper by Salt
noise noise
Filtering Filtering
above above
with a 3x3 with a 3x3
Max Filter Min Filter
corrupted corrupted
by uniform by Salt and
noise Pepper noise
Filtering by a Filtering by a
5x5 Arithmetic 5x5 Geometric
Mean Filter Mean Filter
Filtering by a Filtering by a
5x5 Median 5x5 Alpha-Trimmed
Filter Mean Filter (d=5)
electrical or electromagnetic
interference.
Gives rise to regular noise
patterns in an image.
Frequency domain
techniques in the Fourier
domain are most effective
at removing periodic noise.