Stoichiometry

Calculations from Chemical

Equations
Mole-Mole Calculations
Mole-Mass Calculations
Mass-Mass Calculations

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What is stoichiometry?

Stoichiometry is the
quantitative study of reactants
and products in a chemical
reaction.
.
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 Empirical and Molecular formula
Empirical formula – simplest whole number
ratio of atoms.
Molecular – combination of symbols and
subscripts showing the actual numbers of atoms
of each elements present in a molecule.
Name Empirical formula Molecular formula

Hydrogen peroxide HO H2O2

benzene CH C6H6

glucose CH2O C6H12O6

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 Determining Empirical formula
Step 1. Assume that you have a 100g compund.
Step 2. Get the number of moles.
Step 3. Get the mole ratio
Step 4. write the ratio as subscript.
Ex.
An analytical chemist determines that a
compound of phosphorus and oxygen contains
43.64% P and 56.36% O. Help her to deduce the
empirical formula of the compound.
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Remember me!

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 Determining Molecular Formula
Number of empirical formula units (efu)
= given molecular mass/empirical formula mass

Step 1. find the molar mass of the empirical

formula of the compound.
Step 2. Divide the given molecular mass by the
computed molecular mass of the empirical
formula.
Step 3. Multiply the empirical formula unit to the
subscript of empirical formula.
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 Ex. Find out the molecular formula of styrene
that has an empirical formula of CH. Its
molecular mass is 104g/mol.
A compound has an E.F of CH2. Find the
molecular formulas of same compound with the
following molecular masses:
 42.09 g/mol
 28.06 g/mol
 84.18 g/mol
Note: the term molecular formula can’t be applied to
ionic copounds. 9
 What You Should Expect
Given : Amount of reactants
Question: how much of products can be
formed.
Example
2 A + 2B  3C
Given 20.0 grams of A and sufficient B, how
many grams of C can be produced?
 What do you need?

You will need to use

i. molar ratios,
ii. molar masses,
iii. balancing and interpreting equations, and
iv. conversions between grams and moles.

Note: This type of problem is often called "mass-mass."

 Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry: calculations based on a balanced
chemical equation
Mole ratio: ratio of coefficients of any two
substances in a balanced chemical equation

A mole ratio converts moles

of one compound in a balanced
chemical equation into moles of
another compound.
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 Example

Reaction between magnesium and oxygen to

form magnesium oxide. ( fireworks)

2 Mg(s) + O2(g) 2 MgO(s)

Mole Ratios:

2 : 1 : 2
 The Goal
The goal of stoichiometry is to
perform conversions (changing
between units) by cancelling out
units until you end up with the
units you want (the answer).
 Welcome to Mole Island
1 mol = molar mass

1 mole = 22.4 L
@ STP 1 mol =
6.02 x 1023 particles
 Stoichiometry Island Diagram
Known Unknown
Substance A Substance B
M
Mass Mountain Mass
Mass

Mole Island

Liter Lagoon
V Volume Mole Mole Volume

Particles
Particles

P
Particle Place

Stoichiometry Island Diagram

 Stoichiometry Island Diagram
Known Unknown

Substance A Substance B
Mass
Mass

Use coefficients
from balanced
1 mole = 22.4 L @ STP chemical equation
1 mole = 22.4 L @ STP
Volume Mole Mole Volume
(gases) (gases)

Particles
Particles

Stoichiometry Island Diagram

 Mole-Mole Calculations
How many moles of water can be obtained from
the reaction of 4 moles of O2?
2 H2 (g) + 1 O2 (g) → 2 H2O (g)

4 mol O2 2 mol H2O

x = 8 mol H2O
1 1 mol O2

Mole Ratio
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 How many moles of NH3 can be obtained from
the reaction of 8 moles of H2?
__ 1 N2 (g) → __
3 H2 (g) + __ 2 NH3 (g)

8 mol H2 2 mol NH3

x = 5.33 mol NH3
1 3 mol H2

Mole Ratio
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 Answer me.
Fe + 3 O2 2 Fe2O3
1. How many moles of Fe2O3 are produced when
0.275 moles of Fe is reacted?
2. How many moles of Fe2O3 are produced when
31.0 moles of O2 is reacted?
3. How many moles of O2 are needed to react
with 8.9 moles of Fe?

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 Mole-Mass Calculations
2 Al (s) + 6 HCl (aq) → 2 AlCl3 (aq) + 3 H2 (g)
What mass of hydrogen gas can be produced by
reacting 6 moles of aluminum with HCl?

6 mol Al 3 mol H2 2.0 g H2

x x = 18 g H2
1 2 mol Al 1 mol H2

Mole Ratio Molar Mass

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2 Al (s) + 6 HCl (aq) → 2 AlCl3 (aq) + 3 H2 (g)
What mass of HCl is needed to react with 6
moles of aluminum?

6 mol Al 6 mol HCl 36.0 g HCl

x x = 648 g HCl
1 2 mol Al 1 mol HCl

Mole Ratio Molar Mass

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 Answer me.
Fe + O2 2 Fe2O3
1. How many grams of Fe2O3 are produced when
0.475 moles of Fe is reacted?
2. How many grams of Fe2O3 are produced when
31.0 moles of O2 is reacted?
3. How much mass of O2 are needed to react with
7.9 moles of Fe?

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 Mass-Mass Calculations
Sn(s) + 2 HF (g) → SnF2 (s) + H2 (g)
How many grams of SnF2 can be produced from
the reaction of 30.00 g of HF with Sn?

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 Mass-Mass Calculations
Sn(s) + 2 HF (g) → SnF2 (s) + H2 (g)
How many grams of SnF2 can be produced from
the reaction of 30.00 g of HF with Sn?

30.00 g HF 1 mole HF 1 molSnF2 156.71 g SnF2

x x
x
1 20.01 g HF 2 mol HF 1 mol SnF2

= 117.5 g
Molar Mass
SnF2 Molar Mass
Mole Ratio
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 Answer me
2 KClO3 2 KCl + O2
How many grams of O2 will be formed from
3.76 grams of KClO3?
How many grams of KClO3 are needed to make
30.0 grams of KCl?
How many grams of KCl will be formed from
2.73 g of KClO3?

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