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An Introduction To Cost Terms and Purposes
An Introduction To Cost Terms and Purposes
Chapter 2
©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Cost Accounting 11/e, Horngren/Datar/Foster 2-1
Learning Objective 1
©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Cost Accounting 11/e, Horngren/Datar/Foster 2-2
Cost and Cost Terminology
©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Cost Accounting 11/e, Horngren/Datar/Foster 2-3
Cost and Cost Terminology
Cost Object
Cost
Accumulation Cost Object
Cost Object
Cost Tracing
Assignment
Allocating
©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Cost Accounting 11/e, Horngren/Datar/Foster 2-4
Learning Objective 2
©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Cost Accounting 11/e, Horngren/Datar/Foster 2-5
Direct and Indirect Costs
COST OBJECT
Direct Costs
Example: Paper on which
Example: Sports
Sports Illustrated magazine
Illustrated magazine
is printed
Indirect Costs
Example: Lease cost for
Time-Warner building
housing the senior editors
of its magazine
©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Cost Accounting 11/e, Horngren/Datar/Foster 2-6
Direct and Indirect Costs
Example
Direct Costs:
Maintenance Department $40,000
Personnel Department $20,600
Assembly Department $75,000
Finishing Department $55,000
Assume that Maintenance Department costs are
allocated equally among the production departments.
How much is allocated to each department?
©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Cost Accounting 11/e, Horngren/Datar/Foster 2-7
Direct and Indirect Costs
Example
Maintenance
$40,000
Assembly Finishing
Direct Costs Direct Costs
$75,000 $55,000
$20,000 $20,000
Allocated
©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Cost Accounting 11/e, Horngren/Datar/Foster 2-8
Learning Objective 3
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Cost Behavior Patterns Example
80000
60000
40000 $94,500
20000
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Volume
Variable Fixed
Indirect
150000
Total Costs
100000 $94,500
50000
0
0 500 1000 1500
Volume
©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Cost Accounting 11/e, Horngren/Datar/Foster 2 - 20
Use Unit Costs Cautiously
Distinguish among
manufacturing companies,
merchandising companies, and
service-sector companies.
Manufacturing companies
purchase materials and components and
convert them into finished goods.
Merchandising companies
purchase and then sell tangible products
without changing their basic form.
Service companies
provide services or intangible
products to their customers.
Differentiate between
inventoriable costs
and period costs.
Manufacturing-sector companies
typically have one or more of the
following three types of inventories:
1. Direct materials inventory
2. Work in process inventory (work
in progress)
3. Finished goods inventory
©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Cost Accounting 11/e, Horngren/Datar/Foster 2 - 30
Types of Inventory
Work in Process
Beg. Balance 30,000 495,000
Direct mtls. used 200,000
Direct labor 105,500
Indirect mfg. costs 194,500
Ending Balance 35,000
Indirect Indirect
Labor Materials Other
©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Cost Accounting 11/e, Horngren/Datar/Foster 2 - 46
Conversion Costs
Manufacturing overhead