Electrical

safety

29 CFR 1926
Sub part ‘K’
•Current -- electrical movement (measured in
amps)
•Circuit -- complete path of the current.
Includes electricity source, a conductor, and the
output device or load (such as a lamp, tool, or
heater)
•Resistance -- restriction to electrical flow
•Conductors – substances, like metals, with little
resistance to electricity that allow electricity to flow
•Grounding – a conductive connection to the
earth which acts as a protective measure
•Insulators -- substances with high resistance to
electricity like glass, porcelain, plastic, and dry
wood that prevent electricity from getting to
unwanted areas
 Electricity – How it Works
 Electricity is the flow
of energy from one
place to another
 Requires a source of
power: usually a
generating station
 A flow of electrons
(current) travels
through a conductor
 Travels in a closed
circuit
 Primary Hazards
Electric shock
Electric fire & explosion
Electric flash
Electric burns
Causing – 1.Death
2. Jolt – Temporary paralysis
 Secondary Hazards
 Person falling from height
 Dropping of tools & objects
 Health hazards due to release of toxic
gas & production of UV rays
 Psychological effects
Emotionally anxious
Distracted
More prone to accidents
 Electric Shock

 It is sudden & accidental

stimulation of the body’s nervous
system by electric current. It is the
result of passage of electric
current through the human body
 Shock Severity
 Severity of the shock
depends on:
– Path of current through
the body
– Amount of current
flowing through the body
(amps)
– Duration of the shocking
current through the
body,
 LOW VOLTAGE DOES NOT
MEAN LOW HAZARD
 Body Resistance
Body area Resistance
(ohms)

Dry skin 1,00,000 to

6,00,000

Wet skin 1000

Internal body
Hand foot 400 to 600
 Burns
 Most common shock-
related injury
 Occurs when you touch
electrical wiring or
equipment that is
improperly used or
maintained
 Typically occurs on hands
 Very serious injury that
needs immediate
attention
 Falls
 Electric shock can
also cause indirect
injuries
 Workers in elevated
locations who
experience a shock
may fall, resulting in
serious injury or
death
 How Shock Occurs
 1] By simultaneously touching the
phase and neutral conductor thus
completing the circuit through his body

ALERNATOR
B
LOAD HAVING
METALLIC BODY

R
N
2]. By touching the phase conductor
and standing on the ground

ALTERNATOR
B
ELEC. EQPT.HAVING
METALLIC BODY

N
3]. By touching a metallic part that
has become live by itself being in
contact with an energised wire
Y

ALTERNATOR
B
ELEC. EQPT.HAVING
METALLIC BODY

N
Shock Protection Methods

Isolation
Current limitation
Low voltage
Double insulation
Earthing
 Isolation
 All electrical equipment should be
isolated from accidental contact &
approach by unauthorised men.by
Providing barrier
 Panel boards, generators, large
motors, batteries should be
enclosed
 Low & medium voltage OH lines
should be kept @20’ above the
ground
Control – Isolate Electrical
Parts
 Use guards or
barriers

 Replace covers

Guard live parts of electric

equipment operating at 50 volts or
more against accidental contact
Hazard – Exposed Electrical Parts

Cover removed from wiring or

breaker box
Control – Isolate Electrical Parts
- Cabinets, Boxes & Fittings

Conductors going into them must be

protected, and unused openings
must be closed
 Isolation Switches
 The switches should be connected in phase only
 The switches should be easy and free to operate
 Body of the metallic switches should be earthed
 Every DB should be provided with a switch
 It is advisable to keep switch as near as possible
to the work-place

P
POWER
SOURCE
N
 Double Insulation
Another insulation added.
Double insulated power tools have non-
metallic body
Need not be earthed (two point plug is
sufficient)

Insulation

Functional Protective
Hazard - Overhead Power
Lines
 Usually not
insulated
 Examples of
equipment that can
contact power lines:
– Crane
– Ladder
– Scaffold
– Backhoe
– Scissors lift
– Raised dump truck
bed
Check in General for

Neutral earthing (In case of X-mer or

DG)
Protective shed
Body earthling
Earth pit for body earthing
Earth resistance
Fuses
Loose connection of cable
Housekeeping
Fire extinguisher and type
 PLUG TOPS
• PLUG TOPS SHOULD BE USED TO AVOID SHOCK
DANGERS.

• THREE POINT PLUG IN CASE OF METALLIC BODY

HAND TOOLS AND TWO POINT PLUG IN CASE OF
DOUBLE INSULATED HAND TOOLS.

METALLIC BODY

HAND TOOL
 Earthing
 Proper earthing
 DB’s
 Earthing for the DB’s
 Fuses
Fuses are proven safety devices for
overload conditions
Check the fuses for their current ratings
Never replace fuse wire with ordinary
copper or aluminium wire
High rupturable cartridge fuses are now
a days easily available and has
advantages over traditional fuses
ELCB
(EARTH LEAKAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER)
 For portable power tools power supply is taken
through ELCB
 Saves persons from electric shock
Person in
touch
POWER SWITCH with
ELCB
SUPPLY BOX
faulty
eqpt.
Having
elec.
Charges
on it”s
body

 It opens the circuit when it senses leakage

current from earth.
 Causes of Electric fire
Selection of improper/substandard
equipment and materials.
Electrical installation not in accordance
with statutory regulations.
Overloading of equipment.
Maintenance negligence.
Failure of insulation level.
Damage due to rodents, termites and
pests.
Lightning.
Water seepage.
Static electricity.
 Maintenance negligence
Temporary electrical connection

Bad switch contacts

Improper substitution of electrical

equipment and materials

Allowing equipment for regular usage

after repairs without complete check-up

Non-protection against mechanical

damages.
 Cable Routing
 All electrical cables should be run
either overhead or underground
 Cable routing layout map to be
prepared so that it does not cause
tripping hazards
 Welding and power cables not to
be overlapped
 Cables
 Single phase supply
Phase - red
Neutral - black
Earth - green
 Three phase supply
– Phases
• Red
• Yellow
• Blue
– Neutral - black
 PROTECTING CABLES FROM
DAMAGES

•Protection against mech.

Damages

•Protection against heat

•Cables should be laid away from

welding cables
 Cable Joints
 Staggered joints

CABLE 1
3/4” 3/4” 3/4” 3/4”

CABLE 2
– Joints are not to be overlapped
– One primary insulation and an overall
secondary insulation is to be done
– Proper insulation tape are to be used
Hazard – Defective Cords &
Wires
 Plastic or
rubber covering
is missing

 Damaged
extension cords
& tools
 Hazard – Damaged Cords
 Cords can be damaged
by:
– Aging
– Door or window edges
– Staples or fastenings
– Abrasion from adjacent
materials
– Activity in the area
 Improper use can
cause shocks, burns or
fire
 Permissible Use of Flexible
Cords
DO NOT use flexible wiring where
frequent inspection would be difficult
or where damage would be likely.

Flexible cords must not be . . .

• run through holes in walls, ceilings,
or floors;
• run through doorways, windows, or
similar openings (unless physically
protected); Stationary equipment-to
• hidden in walls, ceilings, floors, facilitate interchange
conduit or other raceways.
 Grounding
Grounding creates a
low-resistance path
from a tool to the
earth to disperse
unwanted current.

When a short or
lightning occurs,
energy flows to the
ground, protecting
you from electrical
shock, injury and
death.
Power Tool Requirements
Have a three-wire
cord with ground
plugged into a
grounded receptacle,
or
Be double insulated,
or
Be powered by a low-
voltage isolation
transformer
 Preventing Electrical Hazards -
Tools
 Inspect tools
before use
 Use the right
tool correctly
 Protect your
tools
 Use double Double Insulated marking
insulated tools
 Temporary Lights

Protect from contact and damage, and

don’t suspend by cords unless designed
to do so.
 Lockout and Tagging of
Circuits
 Apply locks to power source
after de-energizing
 Tag deactivated controls
 Tag de-energized equipment
and circuits at all points
where they can be energized
 Tags must identify
equipment or circuits being
worked on
 Safety-Related
Work Practices
To protect workers from
electrical shock:
1. Use barriers and guards to
prevent passage through
areas of exposed
energized equipment
2. Pre-plan work, post
hazard warnings and use
protective measures
3. Keep working spaces and
walkways clear of cords
 Avoid Wet Conditions
o If you touch a live wire or
other electrical component
while standing in even a small
puddle of water you’ll get a
shock.
o Damaged insulation,
equipment, or tools can
expose you to live electrical
parts.
o Improperly grounded metal
switch plates & ceiling lights
are especially hazardous in
wet conditions.
o Wet clothing, high humidity,
and perspiration increase your
chances of being electrocuted.
 Manpower

Employ qualified electrician,

preferably license holders
Identification of the electrician -
red helmet
 Electrical Safety
Display electrical equipment & cable
routing layout
All electrical installation to be tested &
commissioned as per BIS codes
All DB’s should be covered
Earthing of all electrical installations
Regular maintenance
 ELECTRICAL SAFETY

 Display caution boards

 Provide ELCB for portable
equipment
 24 V hand lamp
 Follow rules and regulations
 Follow safety measures
discussed.
 Adopt protective system
 Regular inspection
Thank’s