Schematic representation of DC-DC Buck converter

;
% D=0.5;e=12/D^2;j=12*G;M

L=0.7e-3;C=50e-6
Vo=5
DC– DC Buck converter in closed loop

Kp=2;Ki=1000 Loopgain=H*Gc(s)*GM*Gvd(s)
Small signal canonical model of standalone
buck converter

Canonical model parameters

Canonical model
Mathematical representation of first DC- DC
Buck converter

Open loop closed loop

G parameters calculation for closed loop standalone buck converter
• For first buck converter we get
vi(s)+Gvd (s)*d෠ (s)….........(1)
෢ +Gvg(s)*ෝ
vෝo(s)=-Zout(s)*iload
and
Z (s) ෢
i෡L(s)= out *iload vi(s)+Gid (s)*d෠ (s) ……….(2)
+Gig*ෝ
𝒔∗𝑳𝒆
also
෠
• d(s)=− vෝo(s)∗Gc(s)∗GM ………(3)
−𝒁𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝒔
• vෝo(s)= ෢ +𝑮𝒗𝒈 𝒔 *ෝ
∗ iload vi(s) ………(4)
𝟏+𝑻 𝟏+𝑻
where T=H*Gc*GM*Gvd(s)
Again from eq. (1) ,(2) and (3),we get
Z (s) 𝑮 𝒔 ∗𝑯∗𝑮𝒄 𝒔 ∗𝑮𝑴 (s)∗Zout(s) ෢ 𝑮𝒗𝒈 𝒔 ∗𝑮𝒊𝒅 𝒔 ∗𝑯∗𝑮𝒄 𝒔 ∗𝑮𝑴
i෡L(s)= out + 𝒊𝒅 iload+ Gig(s)− vෝi(𝐬) ………(5)
𝒔∗𝑳𝒆 𝟏+𝑻 𝟏+𝑻
Next we have
෠ ……….(6)
• i෠i(s)=M(D)∗i෡L(s)+j(S)*d(s)
• Gig(s)*Gvd(s)=Gvg(s)*Gid(s)……..(8)
• From equation (6),(8) and (5) ,we get
𝒁𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝒔 ∗𝑻 Z (s) 𝟏 −𝒋 𝒔 ∗𝑮𝒗𝒈 𝒔 ∗𝑻
• 𝒊෡𝒊= ෢+
∗ (j(s) + 𝑮𝒊𝒅(𝒔) ∗ 𝑴(𝑫))+ out ∗ 𝑴(𝑫) ∗ iload ∗ + 𝑴 𝑫 ∗ 𝑮𝒊𝒈 𝒔 ∗
𝟏+𝑻 ∗Gvd (s) 𝒔∗𝑳𝒆 𝟏+𝑻 𝑮𝒗𝒅 𝒔
vෝi(𝒔)……….(9)

• From eq. (4) and (9) we get G parameters

𝑖෠𝑖
1
∗ −𝑗 𝑠 ∗𝐺𝑣𝑔 𝑠 ∗𝑇
+ 𝑀 𝐷 ∗ 𝐺𝑖𝑔 𝑠 − 𝑍𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑠 ∗𝑇
∗ (j(s) + 𝐺𝑖𝑑(𝑠) ∗ 𝑀(𝐷))+ Z𝑠∗𝐿𝑒
out(s) ∗ 𝑀(𝐷)
𝑣ෝ𝑖
•
1+𝑇 𝐺𝑣𝑑 𝑠 1+𝑇 ∗Gvd (s) *
vෝo = ෢
iload
𝐺𝑣𝑔 𝑠 −𝑍𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑠
1+𝑇 1+𝑇
𝒗ෝ𝒐
|i෢ =0=
𝐺𝑣𝑔 𝑠
load =G21
ෝ
𝑣𝑖 1+𝑇

• 1+T=0
• =>1+H*G c(s)*Gm*G v d (s)=0
K M∗e
• =>1+H*(K p + I)*Gm* =0
s Le∗C∗s2+Le∗G∗s+1

• (Le*C)s3+(Le*G)s2+(K p*Gm*H*M*e+1) s+ Gm*H*M*e*KI=0

Stable and Unstable zones of standalone DC-DC Buck converter

Characteristic
equation=1+T
Cascaded DC- DC Buck converter
L1=0.7e-3
C1=50e-6
vo1=12
vo2=5
L2=1.5e-3
C2=50e-6
R=5;
Kp1=3
Kp2=10;
Ki1=1000
Ki2=1000;
Small signal model of two cascaded converter
Mathematical representation of two cascaded
converter
M(D)∗𝑒 (𝑠)
Gvd=(𝐿𝑒∗𝐶∗𝑠2+𝐿𝑒∗𝐺∗𝑠+1)

s∗Le
Zout=(𝐿𝑒∗𝐶∗𝑠2+𝐿𝑒∗𝐺∗𝑠+1)

M(D)∗(C∗s+G)
Gig=
(𝐿𝑒∗𝐶∗𝑠2+𝐿𝑒∗𝐺∗𝑠+1)

M(D)∗e(s)∗(C∗s+G)
Gid= (𝐿𝑒∗𝐶∗𝑠2+𝐿𝑒∗𝐺∗𝑠+1)

GM=.2
𝐾
Gc=Kp+ 𝑠𝑖

M(D)
Gvg=
(𝐿𝑒∗𝐶∗𝑠2+𝐿𝑒∗𝐺∗𝑠+1)