THE WORST NATURAL DISASTERS EVER IN INDIA

• 01 Calcutta, 1737 :Earthquake (300,000 dead )

• 02 Bengal, India, 1769: famine (10 milion dead)
• 03 India, 1775: Tsunami (60,000 dead )
• 04 India, 1864: Cyclone (70,000 dead )
• 05 India, 1897 : earthquake (1,500 dead)
• 06 Bihar, India, 1934 : 8.1 earthquake (10,700 dead )
• 07 Bengal, India, 1943: famine (3.5 milion dead )
• 08 Assam, India, 1950: earthquake (1,526 dead )
• 09 India, 1965: Famine (1.5 milion dead )
• 10 Andhra Pradesh, India, 1977 : cyclone (10,000 dead)
• 11 Bhopal, India, 1984 : Chemical pollution (3,800 dead )
• 12 Latur, India, 1993: earthquake (22,000 dead )
• 13 Orissa, India, 1999: Cyclone (7,600 dead )
• 14 Gujarat, India, 2001: earthquake (20,000 dead )
• 15 Andhra Pradesh, India, 2003: Heat wave (1,300 dead )
• 16 Southeast Asia, 2004 in India, 5,400
• 17 Mumbai, India, 2005: monsoon (1,000 dead )
• 18 Kashmir, 2005: earthquake (80,500 dead,
of which 79,000 in Pakistan and 1,350 in India
19-Nov-19 145 Bn NDRF-CRPF 1
 Earthquake,
Oct, 2005 MAJOR DISASTERS (1980-2005)
Avalanche Earthquake Uttarkashi, 20
Feb 2005 Oct 1991, Chamoli, 23
April 1999

Bhuj, Earthquake,
26 January, 2001
Flood, Assam &
Bihar 2004

Earthquake, Latur, Bhopal Gas

30 Sept 1993 Disaster, Dec 1982

S Cyclone
Floods 29 Oct 1999
26 July 2005
Tsunami
26 Dec 2004
Tsunami
26 Dec 2004

Tsunami
26 Dec 2004
 INDIA
ECONOMIC LOSSES DUE TO DISASTERS
90
80 86
70
60
50 54
Losses in 40
Thousand 30 36

Crores
20
50 % 139 %
10
0
91 - 95 96 - 00 '01 - 05

PERIOD

Annual- Impact on People Annual- Financial Losses

1. Losses in lives - 4334. Percentage of Central Revenue
2. People affected - 30 Million. (for relief) – 12%.
3. Houses lost - 2.34 Million.
 MAJOR DISASTERS IN INDIA : 1990 - 2005
YEAR PLACES & DISASTER LOSS OF LIVES LOSS OF PROPERTY
(APPROX) ( Rs Crore) (APPROX)
1991 Uttarkashi Earthquake 2000 2000
1993 Latur Earthquake 9500 6000
1997 Jabalpur Earthquake 200 5000
1999 Chamoli Earthquake 2000 2000
1999 Orissa S Cyclone 9887 10000
2001 Bhuj Earthquake 14000 13400
2004 SE India Tsunami 15000 10000
2004 Assam & Bihar Floods 700 5000
2005 J&K Avalanche 350 100
2005 Mah, Guj, HP, Floods 1569 10300
Karnataka, T’Nadu
2005 J&K Earthquakes 1336 1000
Total Losses of Major Disasters only 56542 64800

1. If Average Annual Lives Lost are Added, Figure Will go to More than
2. Adding Average Annual Losses, the Figure Will be More than
HAZARD VULNERABILITY PROFILE
OF INDIA
 VULNERABILITY FACTORS

GEOGRAPHIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL

(young mountain to erratic rainfall, different geology and geomorphology)

SOCIAL & ECONOMIC

(increase in population, over utilization of resources, high population
density, Lack of diverse livelihood options, Low literacy and awareness
level and Low income levels etc..)

SYSTEMIC VULNERABILITY
(Earth quake prone, tectonically sensitive etc..)
 DISASTERS IDENTIFIED BY HPC

I. WATER AND CLIMATE RELATED DISASTERS

1. Floods
2. Cyclones
3. Tornadoes
4. Hailstorm
5. Cloud Burst
6. Heat Wave and Cold Wave
7. Snow Avalanches
8. Droughts
9. Sea Erosion
10. Thunder and Lightning.
11. Tsunami (Added)
 DISASTERS IDENTIFIED BY HPC

II. GEOLOGICALLY RELATED DISASTERS

1. Landslides and Mudflows
2. Earthquakes
3. Dam Failures/ Dam Bursts
4. Mine Fires
III. CHEMICAL, INDUSTRIAL AND NUCLEAR RELATED
DISASTERS
1. Chemical and Industrial Disasters
2. Nuclear Disasters
 DISASTERS IDENTIFIED BY HPC

IV. ACCIDENT RELATED DISASTERS

1. Forest Fires
2. Urban Fires
3. Mine Flooding
4. Oil Spill
5. Major Building Collapse
6. Serial Bomb Blasts
7. Festival related disasters
8. Electrical Disasters and Fires
9. Air, Road and Rail Accidents
10. Boat Capsizing
11. Village Fire
DISASTERS IDENTIFIED BY HPC

V. BIOLOGICALLY RELATED DISASTERS

1. Biological Disasters and Epidemics
2. Pest Attacks
3. Cattle Epidemics
4. Food Poisoning
VULNERABILITY ATLAS-
EARTHQUAKE
59% of India are prone to Quake
Zone Area Parts of the state

V 11% N.E States, J&K, H.P,

Gujarat, Bihar,
Uttaranchal, A&N
IV 18% J&K, HP, Uttaranchal,
Bihar, Delhi,W. Bengal,
Haryana, Punjab, Sikkim,
Gujarat, Maharashtra,
Lakshdweep
III 30% Punjab, Haryana,
Uttaranchal, Bihar,
W.Bengal, Gujarat,
Rajasthan, M. P,
Orissa, A. P, Goa, Kerala,
Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra
VULNERABILITY ATLAS- FLOOD

• 40 million hectres are prone to

flood
• 8 million hectres affected by
flood every year
• Brahmaputra and Gangetic
Basin are most flood prone
areas
• North-west region of west
flowing rivers – Krishna,
Cavery and Mahanadi – are
other flood prone areas
DROUGHT VULNERABILITY
Drought Prone Area (Lakh ha.)

218.9
250

152.1
200

Area (Lakh ha.)

125.1

123.7

121.2
150

87.2

84.1
100

43.3

43

26.7

22.8

16.5

15.9
50
0
Legend

Haryana
Bengal
Rajasthan

Tamil Nadu
A.P

U.P
Gujarat

J&K
Bihar
Karnataka

M.P

Orissa
Maharastra

West
INDIASTATE
Drought
Not affected • 68% of the net area sown in the
Moderately affected country is prone to drought
Severely affected
• Out of this 33% is chronically drought
prone, receiving rainfall less than
750mm per annum
• 35% drought prone that receive
rainfall between 750-1125 mm per
annum
LANDSLIDE

• More than 20% of the total

geographical area of India is
prone to landslides.
• Entire Himalayas, North
eastern region is prone and
western ghats perennially
affected by landslides
• 60% OF LANDMASS: PRONE TO
EARTHQUAKES
• 40 MILLION HECTARES: PRONE TO
FLOODS
• 8% OF THE TOTAL AREA: PRONE TO
CYCLONES
• 68% OF THE AREA: SUSCEPTIBLE TO
DROUGHT
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

NATIONAL DISASTER
15
RESPONSE FORCE -CME
 MANAGEMENT OF DISASTERS
1. Until 2001 – Responsibility with Agriculture Ministry.
2. Committees Set Up by Govt on Disaster Management :-
• High Powered Committee – August 1999 (Just Prior to Orissa Super
Cyclone).
• All Party National Committee – Feb 2001 (After Gujarat Earthquake).
• Recommendations.
• High Powered Committee – Setting up of a DM Ministry.
• Ministry of Home Affairs – Setting up of National Emergency
Management Authority as a Department of MHA.
3. Responsibility Transferred to MHA in June 2002 as an
Interim Arrangement.
4. DM Act passed in December 2005.
 SALIENT FEATURES – DM ACT
1. Govt of India set up NDMA as Nodal Authority with
Hon’ble PM as Chairperson.
2. National Executive Committee (NEC). Comprising Secretaries of
14 Ministries and Chief of Integrated Defence Staff to Function
as Executive Committee of the NDMA.
3. DM Structure. At three levels i.e. National, States and Districts
(14 States have Set up State Authorities).
4. National Disaster Response Force (NDRF).
5. National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM).
6. Creation of National Disaster Mitigation Fund and
National Disaster Response Fund.
NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
CABINET COMMITTEE ON GOVT OF INDIA CABINET
MANAGEMENT OF COMMITTEE ON
NATURAL CALAMITIES SECURITY

NATIONAL CRISIS
MANAGEMENT NDMA
COMMITTEE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
NEC DISASTER MANAGEMENT
MHA
MINISTRIES &
DEPARTMENTS OF NATIONAL DISASTER
MITIGATION RESOURCE
GOVT OF INDIA STATE GOVTs CENTRES
NATIONAL DISASTER
ARMED FORCES
SDMAs RESPONSE FORCE

CORPORATE SECTOR
SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL
INSTITUTIONS DISTTs
ACADEMIC
DDMAs PROFESSIONAL
BODIES
INSTITUTIONS LOCAL BODIES
NGOs

COMMUNITY
DISASTER MAMANAGEMENT CONTINUUM
Proactive Proactive
Strategy Strategy

Better
Mitigation and
INCIDENT Preparedness
Measures will
Reduce
‘Impact of
Disasters’

All Above Measures will Reduce ‘Expenditure’

 PRIORITY TASKS
1. Lay down Policies and Guidelines (Strategy).
2. Mitigation Projects– pending as well as fresh.
3. Raising and Upgradation of ‘National Disaster Response
Forces’.
4. Creation of National Disaster Mitigation Resource Centres
and Reserves.
5. Coordination amongst various agencies i.e., Scientific,
Engineering, Instructional and Key Responders.
6. Engineering of National Communication Network.
7. Capacity Building, Community Awareness Training and
Simulation Exercises.
8. Reconstruction Programmes.
 WORK IN PROGRESS
1. Policies & Guidelines (Under Preparation):-
(i) National Policy.
(ii) Earthquakes.
(iii) Floods.
(iv) River Erosion.
(v) Cyclones.
(vi) Chemical (Industrial) Disasters.
(vii) Nuclear Disasters.
(viii) NGOs – Systematic Participation.
(ix) Coordination of Scientific and Technological
Organizations.
(x) Landslides.
(xi) Medical Preparedness – Mass Casualty
Management.