NAME :- PATEL AAYUSH VINODBHAI

SUBJECT :- (4B06DIM) DISASTER MANAGEMENT

ENROLLMENT :- 20052311011
SEMESTER :- 4th
STREAM :- BBA [ GENERAL ]
Natural Disaster
• Natural disasters are catastrophic events that threaten the safety
and function of a community. It can damage both public and
personal properties significantly.

• These disasters can range from hurricanes, floods to tsunamis

and avalanches. You should know that apart from natural causes,
disasters can occur due to anthropogenic causes.

• Activities like deforestation, agricultural practices, mining, etc.,

can cause landslides. In addition, wildfires can again damage the
natural habitat of plants and animals.

• Even though humans have made tremendous progress in various

aspects in terms of technological growth, there is one area where
they have not been able to surpass and that is the supremacy of
Nature. Nature has always proved much more powerful than the
human race, even though there have been a lot of technological
and scientific advancements and achievements. Despite
development in weather forecast techniques, disasters at many
times cannot be prevented. In today’s age, natural calamities in
the form of floods, tsunamis, famines, cyclones, earthquakes are
mainly due to global warming.

• Time and again, we have seen and read about many natural
disasters occurring in the country and outside, which have
caused great havoc in society, killing thousands of people and
destroying lives and properties. We bring the 10 most dangerous
natural disasters occurring in the history of India over the years:
 DATE :- 28/April/2021
 PLACE :- Assam
 TIME :- 07:51

 A 6.4 magnitude earthquake jolted Assam on April 28, 2021. The natural
disaster resulted in 2 deaths and injuries of 12-13 people.

 The earthquake struck at a depth of 34 kilometres and 140 kilometres

north of Guwahati.

 The earthquake caused moderate but widespread damage to nearby

buildings, but no collapses were reported. Among the buildings affected was a
multi-story structure in Nagaon which tilted to its side and leaned against an
adjacent building. Cracks also appeared in the walls of homes and commercial
buildings. A few vehicles were damaged when bricks fell on them. Landslides
and liquefaction of the ground were reported in Assam. Damage to buildings
were also reported in nearby Bhutan, and two individuals were injured. Two
people in the Kamrup Metro and Nagaon districts died of heart attacks caused
by the earthquake while 12 others suffered injuries.
Odisha Cyclone Yaas:

 DATE :- 23/May/2021
 PLACE :- Odisha
 TIME :- 1:15

 This cyclone made landfall in Odisha and also had an impact in West
Bengal. It was a very strong and damaging cyclone.

 Yaas was monitored on May 23, 2021.

Around 20 people in India and Bangladesh died due to the cyclone.

 Despite the heavy rains in Odisha, many residents had been evacuated, so few
people felt Yaas' impact. The state was still heavily affected, with 120 village
settlements being flooded and heavily damaged by the rains. Paradeep
received over 36 cm (14.21 inches) of rainfall on May 25. A 15-year old boy was
found dead in a pond in the village of Jagannath Khunta in Mayurbhanj. A
fatality was reported on May 26 in the town of Keonjhar, when a man died after
a tree fell on top of him. 10 people had to be rescued from a boat which
capsized off of the Odisha coast. Continued heavy rains from Yaas caused the
Baitarani River to nearly overflow, but it didn't as the conditions in Odisha
improved. Yaas caused an estimated ₹610 crore (US$83.63 million) in damage
in Odisha, a majority of which due to the damaging of government properties,
according to a statement by Chief Minister of Odisha Naveen Patnaik on June
2.
Maharashtra Floods:

• DATE :- 22/July/2021
• PLACE :- Maharashtra

• Maharashtra saw heavy rainfall on July 22, 2021. Almost 251 people died
and over 100 are still missing.

• Goa also witnessed the worst flood in decades.

• The most affected regions are the districts of Raigad, Ratnagiri,

Sindhudurg, Satara, Sangli and Kolhapur. Due to heavy rains, more than
1,020 villages are affected in these districts. Over 375,000 people have
been evacuated, of whom around 206,000 are from Sangli district and
around 150,000 from Kolhapur district. There have been more than 28,700
poultry deaths and around 300 other animal deaths in Kolhapur, Sangli,
Satara and Sindhudurg districts. Initial estimates state that over 2 lakh
(200,000) hectares of crops have been damaged in the floods.
• Various infrastructural facilities were impacted and damaged. Around
800 bridges have been submerged, preventing physical communications
with various villages. The drinking water supply of around 700 villages
was affected and the rainfall also caused damage to about 14,700
electric transformers, affecting the power supply to nearly 9.5 lakh
(950,000) consumers. As of 28 July 2021, the power supply to about 6.5
lakh (650,000) consumers was restored through repairs of nearly 9500
transformers.
Tamil Nadu Floods:

 Dates: 6 Nov 2021 – 12 Nov 2021

 PLACE :- TAMIL NADU

 Deaths: 41 total (16 in India; 25 in Sri Lanka)

 The flood was caused by heavy rainfall that started on November 1, 2021.

 It killed 41 people and over 11,000 people were displaced due to the
incessant rainfall.

 The 2021 South India floods are a series of floods associated with Depression BOB
05 and a low pressure system that caused widespread disruption across the Indian
states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and the nearby Sri Lanka. The rainfall
started on 1 November in Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu.

 Cause: Depression BOB 05 and a low pressure system associated with the
Northeast monsoon.

 Also known as: 2021 Tamil Nadu floods, India-Sri Lanka floods, Chennai floods.
Locust attacks:

 DATE :- 28 / MAY /2020

 PLACE :- Rajasthan, M.P, Punjab, Gujarat, U.P

 During 2020-21, the locust incursions were reported in 10 states of Rajasthan,

Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Bihar,
Haryana, and Uttarakhand, where operations were undertaken in coordination with
the state governments for locust control.

 The governments of Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Punjab, and Bihar have not reported any
crop losses. However, Rajasthan has reported crop damage of 33% and more due to
locust attacks in the 2,234.92 hectares area in Bikaner, 140 hectares in
Hanumangarh, and 1,027-hectares area in Sri Ganganagar.
2016 Siachen Glacier Avalanche:

 Location: Karakoram
 Date: 3 February 2016
 Deaths: 10 Indian Soldiers

 On 3 February 2016, an avalanche hit an Indian military base in northern

Siachen Glacier region, trapping 10 soldiers under deep snow.

 On an average, India spends ₹50 million a day for maintaining troops on the
glacier. More soldiers have been killed in the Siachen glacier owing to
weather than by enemy fire over the years. Over 870 soldiers have lost their
lives due to climatic conditions and environmental factors since the Army
launched Operation Meghdoot in 1984, preempting Pakistan’s attempt to
occupy the strategic heights. The guns fell silent after India and Pakistan
declared a ceasefire along the Line of Control Actual Ground Position Line
in November 2003.
 Calcutta Cyclone:

 Date :- 9 Oct. to 13 Oct. 1737

 Total fatalities: 30,000
 Formed: October 9, 1737
 Affected area: India
 Location: India

 Year: 1737

 Areas affected: Low-lying areas of Calcutta

 Death toll: 3 lakh plus

 The Hooghly River Cyclone was one of the most-dangerous natural disasters of
India, which affected Calcutta in 1737. Many people were killed. A large number
of ships, almost 20,000, docked on the harbour were damaged. Also referred as
the Calcutta Cyclone, the low-lying areas in the Calcutta region were badly
affected. This cyclone killed 300,000 to 350,000 people of the region and hence
considered to be as the worst calamity that time.
1996 Amarnath Yatra tragedy:

 DATE:- Between 21 to 25 August, 1996

 CASUALTIES :- 263 dead
 LOCATION :- Amarnath

 Amarnath Yatra tragedy (1996) is referred to the deaths of over 250 pilgrims in
1996 in Jammu and Kashmir state in India due to bad weather. The pilgrims were on
annual pilgrimage (Yatra) to the Amarnath shrine. The number of pilgrims in 1992
reached 50,000. The first attack against the pilgrims happened in 1993, that year
Pakistan-based Harkat-ul- Ansar had announced a ban due to the demolition of Babri
Masjid. The pilgrimage however passed off mostly peacefully.

 In, 1994-5 and 1998, the group again announced a ban on the annual Amarnath yatra.
In 1996 the militants had assured that they would not interfere. So, the number of
pilgrims in 1996 was higher than usual. Between, 21 and 25 August 1996 about one
lakh (100,000) yatris were simultaneously moving either up or down between Jammu
and the Amarnath.

 During this period there was unusually heavy snowfall along with severe blizzards
along the yatra route. Nearly 242 yards lost their lives due to exhaustion, exposure,
freezing, etc. Over 263dead bodies were found in and about the surroundings of the
temple.
 Gujarat Earthquake:

 Date: 26 January 2001

 Magnitude: 7.7 Mw
 Location: Gujarat
 Areas affected: India, Pakistan
 Casualties: 13,805–20,023 dead; ~ 166,800 injured

 the Year 2001

 Areas affected: Bhuj, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Kutch, Surat,

Surendranagar district, Rajkot district, Jamnagar, and Jodie.

 Death toll: 20,000 plus

 Gujarat was affected by a massive earthquake on the morning of 26 January

2001, the day on which India was celebrating its 51st Republic Day. The
earthquake’s intensity was in the range of 7.6 to 7.9 on the Richter Scale and
lasted for 2 minutes. The impact was so great that almost 20,000 people lost
their lives. It is estimated that around 167,000 were injured and nearly 400,000
were left homeless in this natural disaster.
\
 Uttarakhand Flash Floods:

• Deaths: 6,054
• Date: 16 June 2013
• Location: Sudurpashchim Province Property
• damage: 4,550 villages were affected

 the Year 2013

 Areas affected: Gobindghat, Kedar Dome, Rudraprayag

district, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Western Nepal

 Death Toll: 5000 plus

 In the year 2013, Uttarakhand suffered from a major catastrophic natural

disaster in the form of huge and deadly cloudbursts, causing flash floods in
River Ganga. Sudden, heavy rains caused dangerous landslides in Uttrakhand,
which killed thousands of people, and thousands were reported missing.

 The death toll was estimated to be 5,700. The flash floods and landslides
continued for 4 days from 14 to 17 June 2013. More than 1,00,000 pilgrims
were trapped in the valleys that led to the Kedarnath shrine. Today,
Uttarakhand Flash Floods are considered the most disastrous floods in the
history of India.
 MAN-MADE DISASTERS

Sipping a cup of ‘Tea in the morning’, when you open the daily;
somewhere on the front page, you notice news spotlighting about climate
change and environmental impact. Frequently this negative impact on
Earth’s environment turns into a catastrophe. “It’s very distressing to see
that humans die due to human-induced activities”. As a follow-up, few
government officials are held responsible for the disaster and an inquiry
committee is being set up. Environmentalists and activists vocalize for
making stricter laws to stop the exploitation of nature. The government
takes their irremissible stand and averts the situation by awarding
compensation to the victim’s families. These are obligatory protocols that
are followed throughout the world. We run away from taking
responsibility and blame nature; calling it ‘God’s will’. Is it only natural and
not us? The fact of the matter is every one of us is responsible for
destroying our environment and giving rise to such situations. Earth
cannot take more of human exploitation. Since the time of the industrial
revolution earth’s resources are being exploited like anything! A lot of
toxic and human waste is being dumped in our water bodies, fossil fuels
are burnt and human garbage is buried inside the land. Environment
Protection in India and around the world was not taken seriously until
recently. A series of man-made disasters have caused us to think over
rampant development and exploitation of Earth’s resources. “Nature will
treat us the same way we treat her”. Here’s how we’ve been treating
nature and how it treats us back
2008 Mumbai attacks:

 DATE :- 26 NOV 2008 – 29 NOV 2008

 TIME:- 21:30 (26/11) – 08:00 (29/11)
 LOCATION: Mumbai, The Taj Mahal Palace, Mumbai

 The 2008 Mumbai attacks (referred to as 26/11) were a series of terrorist attacks that
took place in November 2008, when 10 members of Lashkar- e- Taiba, a terrorist
organization from Pakistan, carried out 12 coordinated shootings and bombing
attacks lasting four days across Mumbai. The attacks, which drew widespread
global condemnation, began on Wednesday 26 November, and lasted until Saturday
29 November 2008. A total of 175 people died, including nine attackers, and more
than 300 were wounded.

 Ajmal Amir Kasab the sole surviving attacker, disclosed that the attackers were
members of the terrorist. group Lashkar-e-Taiba among others The Government of
India stated that the attackers came from Pakistan, and their controllers were in
Pakistan later confirmed that the sole surviving perpetrator of the attacks was a
Pakistani citizen On 9 April 2015, the foremost ringleader of the attacks, Zakiur
Rehman Lakhvi, was released on bail and disappeared; he has arrested again in
Lahore on 2 January 2021. In 2018, former Pakistani prime minister Nawaz Sharif
suggested that the Pakistani government played a role in the 2008 Mumbai attack
Amritsar train disaster:

 Date :- 19 October 2018

 Time :-18:45
 Location :- Amritsar , Punjab
 Operator :-Indian Railways: Northern Railway
 Cause:- Trespassing

 The Amritsar Train Disaster was a major accident which occurred on October 19, 2018
when two Indian Railways passenger trains rode into a crowd of people in the eastern
outskirts of Amritsar, Punjab. The crowd had gathered to watch celebrations for the
Hindu festival of Dussehra and were standing on the tracks. The accident occurred in the
early evening, killing at least 59 people and injuring approximately an additional 100.

 According to local police and news media, the spectators were standing and sitting on or
near the tracks in the Joda Phatak area in the outskirts of Amritsar. The spectators were
watching the burning of an effigy of Ravana as part of the Dussehra festival, when a
commuter train ran into the crowd . The train was described as a diesel multiple unit
(DMU) local passenger train travelling westbound from Jalandhar station to Amritsar.
Witnesses claimed that another train, the Amritsar–Howrah Mail service, had passed in
the opposite direction moments earlier, and this was later confirmed by the gateman in
charge of the junction.
Bhopal Gas Tragedy :

DATE :- 2-3 December 1984

PLACE :- Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
Death:- at least 3787; over 16000 Claimed
o Imagine waking up in the middle of the night with your eyes and lungs burning. And
there is no mode of communication and you’ve no idea as to what happened. So what
do you do? You start panicking. The first thing that comes to mind is, ‘Pack your bags
and ‘run’. But some run in the wrong direction and some don’t even realize they’re
supposed to run. As a result over 500,000 people are exposed to Methyl Isocyanate gas
and other chemicals. Government records confirm a total of 3,787 deaths.
Many other thousands were temporary or permanently injured in the backwash.
Forget about responsibility, not even a sense of morality was shown by the
management of Union Carbide Corporation.

o They immediately dissociated themselves from taking any responsibility. This was
only the beginning of years of a legal battle in which ethical implications of the
disaster and tragedy victims were largely ignored. Following 3rd December 1984,
environmental awareness and activism in India increased significantly. In a settlement
mediated by Supreme Court in 1991, UCC accepted moral responsibility.

o The site was closed in 1986. Following this Environment Protection Act was passed
in 1986, creating the Ministry of Environment and Forest which strengthened India’s
commitment towards the environment. In Dec 2008 Madhya Pradesh High Court
decided that the waste should be incinerated at Ankleshwar in Gujarat. The decision
was protested across all of India by activists and environmentalists. Finally, on 8th
June 2012, the Incineration of Toxic Bhopal Waste agreed to pay $4.1 million to
dispose of UCIL waste in Germany.
Akshardham Temple
attack:
DATE:- 24 SEPTEMBER 2002 ( TUESDAY)
END :- 25 SEPTEMBER 2002 (WEDNESDAY)
PLACE :- GANDHINAGAR

 The Commission, on 25 September 2002, sharing the nation’s shock and grief,
strongly condemned the outrageous terrorist attack which occurred against innocent
civilians at the Akshardham temple in Gandhinagar on 24 September 2002 and
continued till the morning of 25 September 2002.

 The Commission has consistently taken the position that such criminal acts are in
any circumstances unjustifiable, whatever reasons may be invoked to justify them.
They are violate of every conceivable human right. The full force of the law must be
brought to bear in dealing with such acts of terrorism and in bringing to justice those
who perpetrate or abet them.

 The Commission extended its deepest condolences to the families of those who had
lost their lives or had been injured in the terrorist attack, including those of the
security forces.

 The Commission greatly appreciated the prompt statements made by leaders of

political parties, as also leaders of various communities, urging that inter-communal
harmony be maintained.

 For its part, the Commission urged all elements of civil society to cooperate fully
with the authorities in their effort to maintain law and order and to preserve and
protect the human rights of all of the people of Gujarat and, indeed, of the country as
a whole. It stressed that nothing should be done to divert the attention of the
authorities from the fulfilment of their responsibilities in this respect, nor should any
encouragement be given to any act or statement that could exacerbate the present
situation.
Maha Kumbh Mela stampede in
Allahabad and thereafter :

DATE :- 3 FEBRUARY 1954

LOCATION :- Allahabad , Uttar Pradesh
CAUSE :- Failure of crowd control measures , presence of a large
number of politicians

 Stampede caused by poor people management and lack of adequate infrastructure

to monitor and manage large crowd gatherings, especially during religious
occasions, has been a bane in India, with few lessons learned.

 One of the worst incidents took place just after independence on 3 February 1954
on the occasion of Maha Kumbh in Allahabad. The resulting stampede took the
lives of 820 and leftover 100 injured. A similar incident occurred at Mandir Devi
temple in Wai, district Satara in Maharashtra on 26 January 2005, when a stampede
led to 350 persons being killed and leftover 200 injured.

 Several other stampedes have taken place over the years with deadly results.
Oleum gas leak :

DATE { START:- 4 DEC. 1985 : END: 6 DEC. 1985}

LOCATION:- BHOPAL , MADHYA PRADESH

 In the centre of a population of 200,000 people in the area of Kirti Nagar, Shriram’s
Food and Fertilizer factory, Delhi was situated, which produced products like hard
technical oil and glycerin soaps. M.C. Mehta, a social activist lawyer, submitted
before the Supreme Court a writ petition seeking an order for closure and relocation of
the Shriram Caustic Chlorine and Sulphuric Acid Plant to an area where no real
danger to the people’s health and security will exist. Pending disposal of the petition,
the Supreme Court allowed the plant to restart its capacity and work. On 4 and 6
December 1985, Oleum gas leaked from one of its units during the pending lawsuit,
causing substantial harm to residents as a result of the plant’s gas leakage.

 As stated by the petitioner, a lawyer who practiced in the Tis Hazari Courts also
died as a result of oleum gas inhalation. As a result of the collapse of the structure
on which it was built, the leakage resulted from the bursting of the tank containing
oleum gas, and it generated fear among the citizens residing there. The people had
hardly recovered from the shock of this tragedy when, within two days, another
leakage occurred, though this time a minor one, due to the escape of oleum gas from a
pipe’s joints, after which the compensation claims were filed, for the people who had
suffered damage as a result of Oleum Gas escape, by the Delhi Legal Aid & Advice
Board and the Delhi Bar Association.
 AMRI Hospital fire, Kolkata :

 DATE: 9 DECEMBER 2011

 LOCATION :-Kolkata
 TIME :- 3am

 It was early December morning in Kolkata when a fire broke out at the basement of
AMRI Hospital in Dhakuria area of Kolkata. It was around 3 am on the morning of 9
December 2011 when most patients and attending staff were asleep.

 The fire spread rapidly to the floors above. Patients were trapped inside wards and
with no exit possible as all windows were grilled, the rapidly spreading smoke did
more damage than the fire itself.

 The staff were slow to react and got bogged down in protocol rather than call in
the fire department immediately as the fire broke.

 At the end, of the 160 persons inside the hospital at the time, 89 lost their lives, of
which 85 were patients and 4 staff members.

 This was a classic case of negligence on part of management and operational staff,
who did not implement most of the mandatory fire safety norms, as laid down by
the government. Adding to this was lack of clear Standard Operating Procedures for
such emergencies.

 Few lessons have been learnt since as several hospitals and public buildings in
Kolkata and other cities, continue to remain a potential tinder box.
2021 Sidhi bus accident :

• DATE:- 16 February 2021

• TIME:- 8.30 AM IST
• LOCATION :- Patna village, Sidhi district, Madhya Pradesh
• OPERATOR :- Private bus
• INCIDENT TYPE :- landed into the canal

• On 16 February 2021, A bus carrying about 62 people, driving from

Sidhi to Satan, crashed into a canal, located near the city of Satan. It fell
into the canal after the driver lost control over it.

• At least 51 people died in the accident, either from the initial crash, or
from drowning and seven were rescued after the bus fell near Patna
village in Sidhi district of Madhya Pradesh, India.
2016 Uri attack :

 Date: 18 September 2016

 Total number of deaths: 17
 Injured: 19–30
 Perpetrators: Jaish-e-Mohammed
 Weapons: 4 AK-47 rifles with underbarrel grenade launchers, 5 hand grenades, 9 UBGL
grenades
 Location: Uri, Jammu & Kashmir

 The 2016 Uri attack was carried out on 18 September by four Jaish-e-Mohammed
insurgents against an Indian Army brigade headquarters near the town of Uri in the
Indian-administered state of Jammu and Kashmir. 19 Indian soldiers were killed in the
attack, and 19–30 others were injured. It was reported by the BBC as having been "the
deadliest attack on security forces in Kashmir in two decades".
 Four heavily armed terrorists from Pakistan occupied Kashmir (PoK) crossed the Line of
Control (LoC) and launched an attack on an Indian Army camp in Kashmir’s Uri on
September 18. The terrorists struck the camp at about 5:30 am. The target was a
temporary camp, with most soldiers housed in tents, leading to high casualties. 18
soldiers were killed and over 20 injured in the attack. The attack started a gun-battle
between the terrorists and the Army that lasted about six hours. All four terrorists were
killed. The Army said terror outfit Jaish-e-Mohammed was behind the attack. This was
the most severe attack on the armed forces in Kashmir in close to two decades. Coming
as it did less than a year after the terrorist attack on an Air Force station in Pathankot,
the Uri terror attack caused severe strains in relations between India and Pakistan.
Dharwad building collapse:

 Date :-19 March 2019

 Time Around afternoon (Indian standard time)
 Location :- Dharwad, Karnataka, Cause:- Building collapse
 Deaths:-19
 Non-fatal injuries:-70

 On 19 March 2019 an multi-storey under-construction commercial complex in

Kumareshwar Nagar in Dharwad, Karnataka collapsed, 19 people died and 50 more
were injured in the accident. This collapse is considered one of the worst tragedies
of Dharwad city.

 The architect of the building that collapsed and killed 19 persons in March 2019 in
Dharwad has been granted bail. The court noted that the structural engineer had
issued a stability certificate after visiting the construction site and the architect
cannot, at this point of time, be held accountable for allegedly using low quality
construction material.

 .The police allege that work was undertaken using low quality materials in the
knowledge of the architect, building owners and engineers. Three months after the
collapse, Vivek was taken into custody.