MELC 5:

Introduction to Hazards
What is a hazard?
Differentiate between a
hazard and a risk.
 HAZARD VS RISK

(https://scimoms.com/hazard-risk/)
 Hazard
• Defined as “a
dangerous
phenomenon,
substance,
human
damages, loss
of livelihood and
services, social
and economic
disruptions, or
environmental
damage.“
 Types of Hazards
• Classified as: (1) natural and (2) man-made
hazards

1. Natural hazard - it is a naturally occurring event

that has the potential to lead to destructive effects
on people and the environment. This type of hazard
can be further classified as: geological and
hydrometeorological
GIVE EXAMPLES OF GEOLOGICAL
HAZARDS

• Earthquake
• Volcanic eruption
• Landslide
• Liquefaction
• Wildfires
 GIVE EXAMPLES OF
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS

• Tsunami
• Typhoon
• Drought
GIVE EXAMPLES OF GEOLOGICAL
HAZARDS
 Types of Hazards
• Classified as: (1) natural and (2) man-made
hazards

2. Man-made hazard - the type of hazard that is

due to human actions that brings harm whether
intentional or unintentional. It is also referred to as
"anthropogenic hazard." It is divided into two kinds:
sociological hazard and technological hazard
GIVE EXAMPLES OF SOCIOLOGICAL
HAZARDS

• Crime
• Civil disorder
• Terrorism
• Bomb threat
GIVE EXAMPLES OF TECHNOLOGICAL
HAZARDS

• Chemical hazards
• Corrosive substance
• Nuclear explosion
Elements Exposed to Hazards
 Elements Exposed to Hazards
1. Physical elements
• the location and physical environment of the
Philippines place the country at risk to various
natural hazards. The country's location along the
Pacific Ring of Fire makes it highly susceptible
to volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, etc.
• The presence of fault lines is another physical
element that increases the country's vulnerability,
specifically due to earthquakes
Tropical Cyclone Map
 Elements Exposed to Hazards
2. Environmental elements
• an environmental element that exposes the
Philippines, particularly to natural hazards, is the
loss of rainforests and alteration of natural
landforms (e.g. mountains and hills).
Deforestation
Illegal Mining
 Elements Exposed to Hazards
3. Social elements
• This include
urbanization. As
people continue to
flock in cities because
of the available jobs,
their migration has
resulted in the
construction of
houses, subdivisions,
and other buildings.
 Elements Exposed to Hazards
4. Economic elements
• the agricultural and
fishery sectors are
two economic
elements that make
the country exposed to
hazards, mainly
typhoons, volcanic
eruptions, and
earthquakes.
Hazard-Prone Areas in the Country
• Our country is known to be prone to
multiple natural hazards due to its location.

• Within the country, there are communities

and places that are more vulnerable to
natural hazards than others.

• Based on the map of active volcanoes and

active faults
HIGHLIGHTS:
• Natural and man-made hazards constantly
threaten the Philippines because of certain
factors that increase the hazard’s potential harm
on people.
• Disruption of daily activities, loss of life and
properties, and destruction of the environment:
common effects during an event
• The government should plan measures to ensure
the safety of the people and minimize its effects.