Introduction to Different Types of

Disasters
• hazard
• Natural and Man-made
• impact of hazards
Natural Processes
• shape and change our environment.
• Plate tectonics – leading to mountain building, volcanism, ocean
formation, etc.
• Atmospheric processes – formation of clouds, precipitation, wind,
etc.
• Biological accumulation – reef building, colony formation,
forestation, etc.
• Human activities – urbanization, extracting resources,
geoengineering, etc.
• Point out to the local environment any of the processes that have
been mentioned.
• Philippines is one
of the most
hazardous
countries in the
world, having more
than 20 tropical
cyclones in a year,
earthquakes
everyday, and more
than 20 active
volcanoes found all
over the country.
Hazard and Disaster
• Hazard - A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human
activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or
other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods
and services, social and economic disruption, or
environmental damage.
• Disaster - A serious disruption of the functioning of a
community or a society involving widespread human,
material, economic, or environmental losses and impacts
which exceeds the ability of the affected community or
society to cope using its own resources.
Classifying Phenomena according to Hazards
•
•
A. Ground shaking
B. Tornado
•classify the phenomena
• C. Landslide in a table
•
•
D. Flood
E. Indoor fire
•describe the basis of
• F. Lava flow their classification.
• G. Industrial pollution
• H. Typhoon
• I. Forest fire
• J. Liquefaction
• K. Storm surge
• L. Tsunami
• M. Extreme rainfall
•Natural hazards are naturally occurring physical
phenomena caused either by rapid or slow onset
events which can be geophysical (earthquakes,
landslides, tsunamis and volcanic activity),
hydrological (avalanches and floods),
climatological (extreme temperatures, drought
and wildfires), meteorological (cyclones and
storms/wave surges) or biological (disease
epidemics and insect/animal plagues).
•Technological or man-made hazards
(complex emergencies/conflicts, famine,
displaced populations, industrial
accidents and transport accidents) are
events that are caused by humans and
occur in or close to human settlements.
This can include environmental
degradation, pollution and accidents
•Biological hazard : Examples of
biological hazards include
outbreaks of epidemic diseases,
plant or animal contagion, insect
or other animal plagues and
infestations.
• Geological hazard : Geological hazards include internal
earth processes, such as earthquakes, volcanic activity
and emissions, and related geophysical processes such
as mass movements, landslides, rockslides, surface
collapses, and debris or mudflows.
• Hydrometeorological factors are important
contributors to some of these processes. Tsunamis are
difficult to categorize; although they are triggered by
undersea earthquakes and other geological events,
they are essentially an oceanic process that is
manifested as a coastal water-related hazard.
• Hydrometeorological hazard Comment:
Hydrometeorological hazards include tropical cyclones
(also known as typhoons and hurricanes),
thunderstorms, hailstorms, tornados, blizzards, heavy
snowfall, avalanches, coastal storm surges, floods
including flash floods, drought, heatwaves and cold
spells.
• Hydrometeorological conditions also can be a factor in
other hazards such as landslides, wildland fires, locust
plagues, epidemics, and in the transport and dispersal
of toxic substances and volcanic eruption material.
Activity 2: Identifying Impacts of Hazards (125 mins.)
• Role Play (act it out)
• 1. This activity is meant for you to think independently and their quick analysis
on the impacts of certain hazards according to specific locations.
• Figure 1.
• Map of locations and suggested scenarios.
• A: Family in concrete house near the highway far from river and mountain
• B: Mountain climbers going up the slope
• C: Exchange learners in a local family home in the barrio near the river
• D: Friends in a beach resort
• E: Fishermen out on the sea
• F: Passengers in a jeep along a road with moderate traffic
• 1. Divide into 6 groups. this activity is meant to let you imagine the impacts of
certain phenomena (the hazards) on specific settings.
• 2. guidelines for the activity:
• A. There should be one reporter, who will explain what the group is representing
• B. The rest of the group, actors, will take on roles, whether of living or non-living
things. But there should always be at least one human in every situation. For
example, they can be all humans, or one human and the rest are either animals,
plants, or inanimate objects.
• C. No member is needed to represent the hazard.
• D. The actors must represent what is happening to the living and/or non-living things
caught in the given situation. The assumption is that they are unable to avoid the
situation.
• E. 5-10 minutes to make a depiction.
• F. The grade will be based on the accuracy of the depiction of possible impacts, not
on the acting.
• G. Each group should submit the list of roles to the teacher. This will be used as a
guide for grading.