CwC “CANAL WASTE COLLECTOR”: The Capability of the CwC Machine in

Cleaning the Canals of Brgy. Hagonoy Taguig City

Submitted by:

Grade 12 – STEM 305

Cabisuelas, Estel Diane
De Vera, James
Diancin, Shawn Justine
Gregorio, Marc Angelo
Natad, Ladymae
Rebustillo, Gregorio
Villanueva, Jeffrey

Submitted to:
Ms. Maricel Dotillos

Date:
September 22, 2019
 CHAPTER I
The Problem and its Background

I. Introduction

Plastic production begun in late 19th Century, 9.2 billion tons have been used while
6.9 billion tons became waste (Parker, 2018). We have face consequences by using
plastic inappropriately, a plastic pollution coalition states why plastic is harmful. Plastic
never goes away, its components don’t dissolve once its disposed it only breaks into
smaller pieces called microplastics. Plastic affects human health, chemical from plastic
found in our bodies that effects in diseases. Plastics attracts other pollutions, because
plastics is flexible oily substance and toxic chemicals sticks together. There plastic not
only harms but also substances that causes inconvenience to the people on Brgy.
Hagonoy, flooding occurs when a place experienced heavy rainfall but people don’t
realize that trashes also contributes in floods. The drainage, creeks or canals can be
clogged with trash the water overflows.

Plastic can be found anywhere it used by the people for everything but there are
consequences that occurring due to daily usage of the plastics. The disposable plastics
such as cellophane, cups, utensils and straws often found in the drainage systems like in
our canals, rivers and sewers this sort of neglect, causes the residents around Brgy.
Hagonoy to suffer from flooding (Guern, 2018). There are so much waste in the canals to
the point where it affects the health of the children and elders in that barangay. The
Philippines ranks third among countries most at risk for disasters, including floods,
storms, and earthquakes. In the past 30 years, more than 360 disasters struck the
Philippines. Typhoons and floods are the most devastating in terms of their economic and
social impact, accounting for 80 percent of all deaths, 90 percent of the total number of
affected people, and 92 percent of the total economic impact. (Navasca, 2017). In Brgy.
Hagonoy flooding is the most common problem because of the improper waste
management and the garbages that blocks the supposedly drainage system of Brgy.
Hagonoy. We researchers come up with a product that helps this barangay to easily get
and manage their urban wastes. The CWC or Canal Waste Collector is a machine that
cleans and collects the trash and compacts, this way collecting the trash is easier and
more convenient. The objective of our product which is the CWC is to collect the trashes
from the canals and compact it into a cube like shape to prevent flooding in the Barangay
Hagonoy. It also helps to prevent certain diseases like: dengue, malaria a water related
vector-borne disease that are caused by bacteria, viruses and parasites that is found on
a dump of trashes in the canal (Fritsch, 2015). It also helps the garbage collector to easily
transport the compacted waste because of its cube structure.
II. Statement of the Problem

This study aims to know the capability of CWC machine in cleaning the canals of
Barangay Hagonoy Taguig City.

Specificially, it sought to answer the following questions.

1. The capability of the CWC machine in terms of:

1.1 Collection
1.2 Compaction
2. How the CwC machine prevent or lessen the flood?
3. What are the advantages of the CwC Machine?
4. What are the limitations of the CwC Machine?

III. Hypothesis

This hypothesis is to interpret the product which is the CwC: Canal Waste Compactor and
to determine the result of the experiment. This will help find the answer to the statement
of the problem and if the machine is capable of in cleaning canals without supervision.

H0 = Trash Skimmer < CWC

H1 = CWC “Canal Waste Collector” > Trash Skimmer

The null hypothesis is said that only it only collects the waste in a river or canal. Unwanted
debris is collected, it is conveyed on board and stored in the generous storage hold area
from there the people collects it and transport it to dispose. The hypothesis wil recognize
if the alternative hypothesis will be more effective for easier transportation of the waste.
The CwC “Canal Waste Collector” collects trash but also compacts into a cube shape for
easier transportation.
IV. Conceptual Framework

Figure below shows the research framework of this study which will be used by
the researchers on identifying the capability of the Canal Waste Collector in Barangay
Hagonoy Taguig City to transport easier and faster the garbage collected.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

The machine of the - Buying the materials for

Canal Waste Collector. the frame

"Compactor " - Buying the jack and wiper

motor
- Jack
- Assemble the frame
- Wiper motor - Assemble the jack
compactor and testing
- Angle bar
- Buying the materials for
"Conveyer" conveyer The waste collected in
- Bicycle chains - Make the conveyer cube shape.

- Sprockets - Testing

- Switch and electrical

- Round bar
wirings
- Screen steel - Testing of the machine if
functioning properly
"Frame"
- Paint
- Steel plate
- Testing the machine in the
- Square sections steel canal of Brgy. Hagonoy

- Gather data
V. Significance of the Study

This study aims to prevent flood in Barangay Hagonoy, Taguig City. Due to the
blockage of garbage in canals.

Benefiting the study are the various sectors of the following:

For the Community of Barangay Hagonoy. This study will be very beneficial to
our community, especially those residents who lived near canals because they can have
a safe environment and a prevention to have a flood when it rains.

For the Barangay officials of Barangay Hagonoy. This project will be a great help
to the barangay officials. Because of removing garbage in canals, it will be easier to them
to regulate a new rule to protect water paths.

For the Students. This study will help the students to have a basis or guide if they
will conduct a research.

For the Future researchers. This study will benefit the future researchers. They
can use this as their basis and evidence in their study or research.

VI. Scope and Limitations

This study is conducted for the researchers to determine the capability of the
product which is the CWC “Canal Waste Compactor” in helping lessen the trash in
drainages in Taguig specifically at Brgy. Hagonoy. The limit of this research is the
researchers will only focus in the Brgy. Hagonoy to conduct their study the researchers
also do not cover what will happen to the collected trash after it is transported. This is an
experimental study so the researchers will not have a survey and gather data through
observing the variables.
 CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature

Foreign Literature

Plastic waste is silent threat to the environment and their disposal is a serious issue for
waste managers. Now a day society does not have any alternative to plastic products like
plastic bags, plastic bottles, and plastic sheets etc. In spite of all efforts made to limit its
use but unfortunately its utility is increasing day by day. To circumvent this issue many
efforts were made in the past to reuse the plastic waste but no significant results were
achieved. On contrary concrete being the widely used construction material is facing
problem due to unavailability of construction material (Cement, sand and coarse
aggregate). Various attempts were made through experimentation to check the feasibility
of plastic waste to be use partially in concrete with respect to various properties of
strength, workability, durability and ductility of concrete. This paper includes review of
various studies conducted on utility of waste plastic material used in the concrete.
Moreover this paper will draw our focus toward the impingement on the various properties
of concrete when partially replacing with waste plastic. (Rafique, M. 2015)

Huge amount of plastic is produced and found in the environment which does not really
degrade naturally. The organization addresses a large body of literature published on the
most cruel issue of the modern world. This paper presents a systematic literature review
on plastic waste, its fate and biodegrading in the environment. The aim is to make
conclusions on possible practical techniques to reduce the effects of plastic waste.
Method A systematic literature review protocol was followed for conducting the present
study. Predefined set of book sections, conference proceedings and high-quality journal
publications during the years 1999 to September 2017 were used for data collection.
(Brereton, 2009)

Foreign Studies
The pervasive nature of marine plastic pollution was highlighted at the recent United
Nations Environment Assembly. This meeting saw strong commitments for action, but at
the same time reinforced the challenges for contemporary ocean governance in
addressing marine plastic pollution. The problem of plastic pollution in the world’s seas
and oceans has attracted increasing scientific concern, with calls for an international
agreement to address this issue. Any such agreement would extend, complement, and
also challenge existing international, regional, national, sub-national, and local initiatives.
Responses to the problem of marine plastic pollution will need to involve and link state
and non-state actors, business, and civil society, looking to integrated solutions that move
away from traditional state-based, sector-focused responses to oceans; issues.

The United Nations Environment Assembly meeting in Nairobi, Kenya, convened in early
December 2017 under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Program, was the
most recent gathering to address the significant issue of plastic pollution in the world’s
seas and oceans. The topic was included in one of the 11 resolutions discussed at the
meeting, which, although non-binding, are likely catalysts for further action. For the first
time, the United Nations Environment Assembly deliberations included the adoption of a
Ministerial Declaration by consensus. This declaration noted that annually “we dump 4.8
to 12.7 million tons of plastic in oceans”. The president of the assembly noted that “the
Results will provide us with concrete solutions to achieve our aspirations”. (Haward, M.
2018)

Local Literature

Plastic pollution by describing it, amount of usage, the effects for both for human and
environmental aspects, and solutions taken by industry to contrary to plastic-related
issues. An Oscar-nominated actor from the 1967 film thought-provoking movie “The
Graduate”, Dustin Hoffman. The career director said “Plastics, my boy. Plastics” as the
actor of the character seek for an advice. Last 27th of June, Filipinos in Davao city, gave
consideration to the advice given, specifically the businessmen. In addition to that, it is
considered as one of the top pollutants in waterways like canals and rivers. However,
most of it ended up in open seas.
Philippines was as one of the five countries where most plastics come from along with
China, Indonesia, and Thailand. “As rapidly developing economies, these countries are
now passing through a typical stage of economic growth as consumer demand for
disposable products grows more rapidly than the waste management infrastructure.”
Quoted from the report released a few years ago made by the Ocean conservancy

“Plastic” came from the Greek word plastikos means that it is “capable of being shaped
or molded”. Referring to the capability of being altered by external forces through casting,
pressing or force shaping through various forms like films, fibers, plates, tubes, bottles,
boxes, and a lot more. What plastics are made of made of Various plastics are being used
based on what kind of consumer items in manufacturing. Polyester (PES) is used for
Fibers and Textiles. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is used for carbonated drinks
bottles, peanut butter jars, plastic filmed microwavable packaging.

High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is used for detergent bottles, milk jugs and molded
plastic cases. Polyvinyl Chloride (PCV) is used for plumbing pipes and guttering, shower
curtains, window frames, and flooring Polyvinylidene Chloride (PVDC) is used for food
packaging Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) is used for outdoor furniture, siding,
floorless, shower curtains, and clamshell packaging Polypropylene (PP) is used for bottle
caps, drinking straws, yogurt containers, appliances, car fenders, and plastic pressure
pipe systems. Polystyrene (PS) is used for packaging foam, food containers, plastic
tableware, disposable cups, plates, cutlery, compact discs and cassette boxes. High
Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) is used for refrigerator liners, food packaging, and vending
cups. Polyamides (PA) or famously known as nylon, is used for fibers, toothbrush bristles,
tubing, fishing line, and low strength machine parts (such as under-the-hood car engine
parts or gun frames) Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) is used for electronic
equipment cases such as computer monitors, printers and keyboards) and drainage pipe
Polycarbonate (PC) is used for eyeglasses, riot shields, security windows, traffic lights,
and lesson Polyurethane (PU) is used for cars such as cushioning foams, thermal
insulation foams, surface coatings, and in printing rollers. It is currently ranking sixth most
commonly used plastic material. The Philippines is the world’s third-largest ocean polluter
despite a waste management act 18 years ago.
Why? Because of corruption.

Water forms filled with dump, garbage clogging drainage canals and huge stinking dump
sites are among the most evident problems of the waste crisis in the country.

A 2015 report on plastic pollution by the Ocean Conservancy charity and the McKinsey
Centre for Business and Environment ranked the Philippines as the third-largest source
of discarded plastic that ends up in the ocean, behind are China and Indonesia. The
Philippines generates 2.7 million tons of plastic waste annually.

According to Friulan Grate, executive director of the Philippines branch of the Global
Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives states that lack of garbage collection services in the
country’s smaller islands is to blame for the overwhelming amount of plastic in the sea.
2000 a solution was presented in the form of the Republic Act 9003, also known as the
Ecological

Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, but local governments in the Philippines have
struggled to implement its directives, Grate says. Even after almost 18 years later, there
are still more than 900 open dump sites across the country.

Von Hernandez a global coordinator of the Break Free From Plastic movement says that
despite RA 9003 is being often regarded, implementation has been difficult because funds
for waste disposal can lead to corruption, and the government having lacking of political
will.

“RA 9003 mandates recycling, segregating and the closure of dump sites … yet you see
so many of them near bodies of water such as Manila Bay. It is common sense that these
should be shut down – yet there they are,” he says.

Also, sachets have become an industry standard. These types of packaging are non-
recyclable and of no Value The explosion in plastic waste in the Philippines began in the
1970s, when consumer-goods companies began selling products in single-use,
throwaway packaging.
Hernandez also stated that a large proportion of plastic waste in the Philippines today is
made up of thin plastic-and-aluminum-laminated sachets which are used by. companies
to sell products. Before such sachets were introduced, Filipinos followed “tinge” culture,
Hernandez recalls. Shoppers took their own reusable containers to their neighborhood
sari-sari convenience store

A recent brand audit conducted by member organizations of the Break Free from Plastic
movement discovered that Unilever, Nestlé, Procter &amp; Gamble and Colgate-
Palmolive were among the biggest producers of the plastic waste found in the country.

The Asian Development Bank and the Philippines’ Department of Environment and
Natural Resources jointly project that if sachet use continues on the current scale, the
Philippines will need 200 new landfills the size of Metro Manila – itself roughly 600 square
kilometers in size – by the year 2020.

In response to the growing problem, many local governments have passed ordinances
regulate use oogonia plastic that covers such items. Several lawmakers also have filed
bills to ban the use of single-use plastic. Arlen Ancheta, vice-president of internal affairs
at the Mother Earth Foundation, doesn’t expect to hit an impact on waste volumes. He
says, however, that they can help inform the public about the gravity of the problem and
encourage them. Metro Manila alone spends US$130 million a year to dispose of waste
garbage that big corporations are making money with

Charities regularly approach the government to discuss cities’ non-compliance with RA

9003. In the meantime, seeing little or no progress, they conduct coastal clean-ups to
reduce the amount of dump ending up in the ocean. Hernandez states that “We have RA
9003; what we don’t have is a law that mandates producers to be responsible for the
products and packaging that they are bringing to the market,” If the time comes when
large companies take responsibility for their actions, plastics will continue to scatter the
natural environment. (Tacio, H .2018)

Taguig implements measures to curb floods. The city government of Taguig has Commented [A1]:

implemented proactive preparations to address problems such as floods and clogging of

waterways.According to Solid Waste Management Office (SWMO) head Eugene Bilaw,
the city's barangays now are not as flooded as they were in the past. The situation is a
departure from the scenario in the city before Taguig City Mayor Lani Cayetano assumed
office in 2010, when almost all barangays would become submerged in floods due to
heavy rains. Bilaw attributed the drastic change to the various strategies implemented
under the city's flood-control program, which sees the efforts of the SWMO, City
Engineering Office, Lake and River Management Office, City Environment & Natural
Resources Office and City Health Office directed toward the same goal. These strategies
implemented include the use of heavy equipment for debris clearing operations, and for
the desilting and dredging of waterways so that floodwaters may pass through them
freely. According to Bilaw, 200 personnel resumed clearing operations in the city's 28
barangays on June 16. Workers likewise undertook manual clearing operations of
drainages and creeks for the purpose of declogging. As of July 21, city personnel were
able to cover 10,780 meters of waterways in District 1 and 7,710 meters of waterways in
District 2. SWMO also installed trash traps in different barangays traversed by the
Hagonoy, MRB and Magsaysay Creeks to prevent garbage from flowing into the main
rivers. Bilaw said these garbage traps help them in maintaining the cleanliness of the
creeks and clearing them of trash. "Our aim is to maintain the cleanliness of the
waterways," Bilaw said, noting that with this, they are also helping prevent the spread of
diseases such as dengue and leptospirosis. Cayetano lauded the efforts of the SWMO,
Lake and River Management Office, City Environment & Natural Resources Office and
City Health Office for the proper preparations and contingency plans during this kind of
season.

Local studies

Our country (Philippines) has a huge problem in terms of waste management mainly on
plastic, many researches was conducted that most of the plastic that are being collected
daily comes from the local cities of our country. Most of them are sachets with our
common to sari-sari store since us Filipinos or most of belonging the poverty line we tend
to buy products which packed on sachets such soy sauce, vinegars, shampoo, soap and
other necessities.
Despite of the government impletion of the waste management act, application is still
unnoticed because of lack of power for strict waste management implementation. But we
can just sit back and watch our country slowly dies, we need to take action by letting our
fellow men of the huge effect of these tiny plastic products that we now hardly dealing
with. KNOWLEDGE IS THE PREVENTION FORM DYING UNCONSCIOUSLY.

Due to low cost and convenience, it became an inefficient waste disposal that leads
Philippines as one of the world’s leading plastic polluters with extreme negative impact
on the environment. Last, 2017 International Coastal Clean-up, according to the Ocean
Conservancy’s report, half a million people collected 8,346,055 kg of trash over more than
24,000km of coastline worldwide. Including 1.8 million cigarette butts and 1.5 million
plastic bottles. Greenpeace, an environmental organization identified the

Philippines as one of the world top plastic polluters. According to WWF-Philippines

President and CEO Joel Palma, making a difference in coastal regions, the most
important ecosystem of our country from plastic debris slowly prevents the possibility of
having more plastic in our oceans than fish in a few decades as what the scientists said.
There are two main factors that can be blamed caused by massive amount of garbage in
our country, specifically plastics: First, due to poverty levels in the country. Philippines is
one of the “sachet economies” due to buying products in small amounts. Most of the
plastic debris gathered during clean-ups are single-use sachets of necessity products
people use including food. Improper waste disposal that caused an overwhelming amount
of marine debris Philippine waters. According to the data gathered by WWF-Philippines
from National Solid Waste Management Commission and World

Bank. 74 percent of plastic leakage waste has been collected. 2.7 million tons of garbage,
2.27 million tons collected per year. 386,000 tons are still leaked into the ocean due to
hauler dumping (private hauler companies unloading trucks onto water bodies on their
way to proper disposal sites to lessen costs, also due to poorly located dumps near
waterways. Uncollected garbage in informal settlements due to lack of order and
discipline living in small communities near or beside the waterways disposes their
personal waste directly. Marine debris makes a big impact to human and natural systems.
Ingestion and entanglement of plastics in marine wildlife was documented for a long time.
People are in danger due to investing persistent organic pollutants (POPs) through eating
seafood. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)
are both POPs that directly impacts our health.

Marine debris also have negative impacts to nature-based tourism as well as the fishing
industry. The result and affects their yields in ecosystem-wide impacts. Government level,
the Department of Environment and Natural Resources- Biodiversity Management
Bureau (DENR-BMB) made a deal with marine litter and major and elbasvir. 2.27
component of coastal and marine projects. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle principle as it is
being used to be transformed into materials used to construct benches. In addition to that,
local government provide policies, as well as economic incentives. WWF preparing a
holistic campaign against single-use plastics aims to influence perceptions and decisions
of the public, businesses, and use plastics and marine debris by spreading enough
awareness and information, conversations resulting to a collective action influencing
policymakers and businesses. However, it can also be done on a personal level to
teacake an impression to other Filipinos. Tremendous amount of pressure from
consumers and environmental organizations compelled a fast-moving consumer goods
(FMCG) companies in reviewing operations and make an action on environmental
sustainability. Educating and empowering the society can be a long journey but with the
cooperation from both public and private sectors. (Villa, A. 2016)

Drainage Canal Waste Collector Machine consists of several parts that make it possible
to function such as collector bin, DC motor, frame, rake, sprocket, transmission chains
and wet cell battery. The working process is that the drainage canal wastes are lifted by
rakes which are connected to the chain. The chain revolves with the sprocket wheel
which is driven by a motor. When the motor runs, the chain starts to circulate and it
makes the lifter to move upwards. The wastage material are lifted by rakes teeth and
stored in a collector bin. Once the collector bin is full, the waste materials are removed
from the bin manually. The machine starts when the wet cell supplies the DC Motor.
The DC motor converts the electrical energy into mechanical work, making the
connected sprocket moves. In this manner, the meshed transmission chains will move
and the rake will go upwards because of this mechanism. And also, the waste materials
scooped by the rakes will be carried and the collector bin waiting at the rear of the
machine will collect the garbage and it will be manually thrown away. This will help the
community to conserve and preserve a clean environment without so much effort. With
the help of my planned machine, our community can easily maintain the cleanliness
anytime with less encounter of the air pollution caused by the wastes in the drainage
canal. (Tungal, M.K. 2017)

The automated Seabin marine waste collector demonstrates how sometimes the
simplest solutions are the most effective. The rubbish bin, designed to float in marinas,
inland waterways, residential lakes and harbours, catches floating debris and liquids by
sucking water from the surface and letting if flow out through the bottom of the structure,
trapping waste in a catch bag. The Seabin was designed to operate 24 hours a day, 7
days a week, 365 days a year. It functions best inside marinas and in relatively
controlled environments where it catches plastics and floating liquids.

(Grozdanic, L. 2015)

The trash skimmer from cleantec infra in India collects floating trash and cut weeds from
rivers. The video shows the machine cleaning the Sabarmati River, it has a storage
capacity that ranges to 10-20 cubic meters. The conveyor transfers waste to the storage
area and after it unloads to the dump truck. The trash skimmer collescts trash and litter
such as plastics, bottles, religious waste etc. and its production rate is 15-20 loads per
shift. The machine also does the work of surface through a paddle wheel rotation thus
improving water equality. Cleantec Infra(2014) “Trash Skimmer for Ahmedabad
Municipal Corporation”
Definition of terms:

Dynamo - creates energy. It's short for "dynamoelectric machine," which is a generator
that cranks out electric currents.

Dengue - is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has rapidly spread in all regions of WHO
in recent years. Dengue virus is transmitted by female mosquitoes mainly of the species.

Malaria - is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people

through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. It is preventable and curable.

Vector-borne diseases - Vector-borne diseases are human illnesses caused by

parasites, viruses and bacteria that are transmitted by mosquitoes, sandflies, triatomine
bugs, blackflies, ticks, tsetse flies, mites, snails and lice.

Micro plastics - plastics that breakdown into smaller pieces

CWC - canal waste compactor, a machine that collects and compacts waste in drainage
or canals

Trash Skimmer - a river waste collecter by cleantec infra it is also known as the
underwater lawn mower
 CHAPTER III

Research Methodology

I. Introduction

This chapter contain how the researcher collect their data, in detail it outlines the research
strategy, method, approach data collection tools and the research limitation.

II. Research Strategy

We researchers will conduct a testing of our product to the people of Barangay Hagonoy
to know how much cubes will be produce by the product to a canal with full of waste, After
using the Canal Waste Collector to a selected area the researchers will conduct a test for
to know how effective the Canal Waste Collector.

III. Research Method

The experimental procedure to this study will be conducted only in canals in Barangay
Hagonoy. Moreover, we the researchers must be figure out if it will work or be effective.
This study will represent as qualitative as mentioned earlier, the data is experimental. As
a result, the analysis will be a be a qualitative method.

IV. Research Approach

This research approach that is going to use in this research will be deductive. It is
popularly used because it enables the research to reason from generic to specific or
deduct the general perspectives that leads the researcher to develop a theoretical
framework (hypothesis) and test it thereby concluding a specific conclusion. (Cheya,
2016)

V. Data Collection Method and Tools

For the purpose of this research, we will be using the Observation Method for the Data
Collection. Observation is a data collection technique that is performed by monitoring or
viewing the subject. Sometimes observations are performed continuously or in a set of
time periods. There can be different types of observations like structured, unstructured,
and semi-structured. (Langkos, 2014) The limitation of observations is that it consumes
time and it affects the behavior of the participants.