Lecture No-1

Applied Physics
Date 07-11-2019
Instructor Name
MR. NADEEM AHMAD
INRODUCTION

ELECTRIC FORCE AND ITS

APPLICATIONS
References Books

1. Fundamentals of Physics (Extended), 10th edition,

Resnick and Walker
2. Narciso Garcia, Arthur Damask, Steven Schwarz.,
“Physics for Computer Science Students”, Springer
Verlag, 1998
What is Physics

The Branch of science concerned with the nature and properties of matter
and energy.
E=mc2
which E represents units of energy, m represents units of mass, and c2 is the
speed of light squared,
matter of physics includes mechanics, Solid, liquid, heat, light and other
radiation, sound, electricity, magnetism, and the structure of atoms.
What Are the Branches of Physics?

 Classical physics.
 Modern physics.
 Nuclear physics.
 Atomic physics.
 Geophysics.
 Biophysics.
 Mechanics.
 Acoustics
Classical Physics

The classical physics of bodies and forces, especially Newton's laws of motion
and the principles of mechanics based on them.
Example:
Many theories in classical physics break down when applied to extremely
small objects such as atoms or to objects moving near the speed of light.
speed of light is denoted by C equal to C=3*108m/s
Modern Physics

Modern physics is a branch of physics which deals with the post-Newtonian

concepts in the world of physics. It is based on the two major breakthroughs
of the twentieth century Relativity and Quantum Mechanics.
Modern physics is an effort to understand the underlying processes of the
interactions of matter utilizing the tools of science & engineering

Father of modern physics is Galileo Galilei.

What is Applied Physics

Applied physics is intended for a particular technological or practical use. It is

usually considered as a bridge or connection between physics and
engineering.
Applied physics is the application of the science of physics to helping human
beings and solving their problems. Applied physicists use physics or
conduct physics research to develop new technologies or
solve engineering problems.
Applied Physics in computer science

Applied Physics is a bridge between pure Physics and Engineering. Applied

Physics & Computer Science integrates the application of Physics in
Computer Science. It combines Physics principles in solving various
Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) problems
by using hardware and software related applications
Physics important in computer
science?

There are many important impacts of physics on computer science.

Physics of spinning disks. The limit of that speed is obviously a material
problem, but the physics of the spin, and the direct impact of that spin speed
on data storage and latency is critical to modern computer science
In the present learning process computers are being used for
enhancing physics learning also. They can be used to analyze and visualize
data, communicate results, run experiment and monitor equipment.
Computing can play an important and varied role in
advancing physics learning.
Electric Force

 In physics, a force is an interaction between two objects that has the

ability to change the motion of one or both of the objects.
 One of the fundamental forces of the universe is the electric force. This is
the force that exists between all charged particles.
 The force which work between two or more charges is called Electric force
 Electric Force It is denoted by F and is represented as F = q E Electric Force
is a vector quantity Direction of Electric force is away in case of positive
charge and towards in case of negative charge
Electric Force and Types of Charges

There are two types of charge

 Positive charge
 Negative charge
They interact with each other in predictable ways. Unlike charges exert
attractive forces on each other, while like charges exert repelling forces on
each other. This means that if two objects that are both positively charged
come close to each other, they will repel, or push each other away. If a
positively charged object comes close to a negatively charged object, the
two objects will attract each other and try to come together.
Electric Force and Types of Charges

 Electrons: Electrons have a negative charge.

 Protons: Protons have a positive charge.
 Neutrons: Neutrons have a no charge.

 An Electrically Neutral atom has the same number of Protons and

Electrons.
Electric Force and Types of Charges

 We use Coulomb's Law to solve the forces created by configurations of

charge.

 Unlike charges attract,

 Like charges repel,

What are the uses of electric force?

Electric Force is one kind of force that exists between all kinds of charged
particles. There are a lot of use of It. Some Common uses are given below
 Such as making Hair Straight or Hard
 For creating Chemicals Bonds
 Like Switching Off and On of Different types of electric Particles
 For Charging any electric Things
 For Making Electric circuits
 If we want dry wet cloths, we use cloth dryer also we use hair dryer.
 Allow To Switch on or off of Lamp or Light
Conductors and Insulators

• Conductor
Materials which allow electric charge to flow freely
Metals are good conductors because their outer electrons are not
bound tightly. Copper, Silver, Aluminum, Gold, Steel and Brass are
common conductors of electricity. While silver and gold are both
effective, they are too expensive for common use.

• Insulator
Materials which do not allow electric charge to flow freely (i.e. glass,
rubber)

• Semiconductor
Materials that can be made to behave as either a conductor or an
insulator of electricity, (i.e. germanium, silicon)
APPLICATIONS

1. The Van de Graaff Generator

2. Xerography
3. Laser Printers
4. Ink Jet Printers and Electrostatic Painting
5. Smoke Precipitators and Electrostatic Air Cleaning
Van de Graaff Generator

It was invented in 1929 by American physicist Robert J. Van de Graaff.

Its a device that generates static electricity on a moving belt and transfers it
to a collector sphere.

1) It is used to generate x-rays, which is widely used in medicine field.

2) It is used in atom smasher’s, which is used in research purposes.
3) It found applications in physics, medicine, etc.
4) In medicine, such beams are used to treat cancer.
Xerography

Xerography, also known as electrophotography, is a printing and

photocopying technique that works on the basis of electrostatic charges.
The xerography process is the dominant method of reproducing images and
printing computer data and is used in photocopiers, laser printer s and fax
machines

Laser Printers:
Laser printing is an electrostatic digital printing process. It produces high-
quality text and graphics (and moderate-quality photographs) by repeatedly
passing a laser beam back and forth over a negatively charged cylinder
called a "drum" to define a differentially charged image
 Ink Jet Printers and Electrostatic
Painting

The nozzle of an ink-jet printer produces small ink droplets, which are sprayed
with electrostatic charge. Various computer-driven devices are then used to
direct the droplets to the correct positions on a page. Electrostatic
painting employs electrostatic charge to spray paint onto odd-shaped
surfaces.

Smoke Precipitators and Electrostatic Air Cleaning:

An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is a filtration device that removes fine
particles, like dust and smoke, from a flowing gas using the force of an
induced electrostatic charge minimally impeding the flow of gases through
the unit