Biomass

What is Biomass?
• Biomass is organic material that comes from plants and animals, and
it is a renewable source of energy.
• Biomass contains stored energy from the sun. Plants absorb the sun's
energy in a process called photosynthesis.
• When biomass is burned, the chemical energy in biomass is released
as heat.
• Biomass can be burned directly or converted to liquid biofuels or
biogas that can be burned as fuels.
Chemical Reaction
Biogas formation
• Biogas is produced from biomass through the process of anaerobic
decomposition.
• Anaerobic bacteria—bacteria that live without the presence of free
oxygen—occur naturally in soils, in water bodies such as swamps and lakes,
and in the digestive tracts of humans and animals.
• These bacteria eat and break down, or digest, biomass and produce
biogas.
• Biogas is composed mostly of methane and carbon dioxide. Methane (CH4)
is the same energy-rich compound found in natural gas.
• The composition of biogas varies from 40%–60% methane to 60%–40%
carbon dioxide (CO2), with small amounts of water vapor and other gases
Biogas plant working
Tidal Energy
Tidal Barrage
• A tidal barrage is a dam that utilizes
the potential energy generated by
the change in height between high
and low tides.
• This energy turns a turbine or
compresses air, which
generates electricity.
Tidal Turbine
Geothermal Power plant
Wind turbine Types
• Types
• Induction Generators-Torque-
Slip Characteristics
• Squirrel cage
• Wound Rotor
• Doubly fed
• Synchronous Generators
• Permanent Magnet
Equivalent Circuit Diagram-single diode and
parasitic resistances