Narrations

Direct And Indirect Speech

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 Direct and Indirect Speech
• Narrations are divide into two parts or the ways of reporting ( )‫بیان‬people's words.
Direct Speech:
• It is someone's actual words. It is always written in quotation marks or inverted
commas (" "). And begin with capital letters.
e.g:
He says, " I am hungry." (Direct speech)

• Indirect Speech:
• If someone's actual words. are narrated by another or third person without
quoting actual words or if we may report someone's actual words in our own
words. It is called indirect speech or reported speech. In indirect speech commas
and inverted commas are replaced by that ( or if / whether for questions) .
The verb introducing the reporting speech is called reporting verb and it is written
before reported speech
e.g:
He says that he is hungry.
In this example He says is reporting verb while that he is hungry is reported
speech.
Rules to Change Direct speech into
Indirect speech
 Rule 1: Changing the punctuation.
To change direct speech into indirect (reported)
speech
• We remove the inverted commas in the direct
speech and
• Commas after the reporting verbs.
e.g:
She says, “I have read this book.” (Direct speech)
She says that she has read that book. (Indirect speech)
Rule 2: Changing the time and place
expression.
direct Indirect
come go
here there
these those
today that day
tomorrow next day or following day
yesterday the day before or the previous day
ago before
thus so
this that
now then
last week the week before or the previous week
next day or week etc the following day or week etc
the day after tomorrow in two days time
 For More Details
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11/english-grammar-narrations.html