SUBMITTED BY:

MARIBETH M. RELLION
SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. ROGELIO O. FLORES
 Two Types of Magnets
 Permanent magnet

The magnetic field around the permanent magnet is unchanged.

A type of black rock called lodestone is a permanent magnet. It is
a natural magnet. People who are traveling for long distances
use this lodestone, because it always points in same direction, so
it becomes easy for them to find the remaining directions. The
other metals that can be made in to permanent magnets are Iron,
steel, nickel and cobalt.’

 Temporary magnet
Temporary magnets will lose its magnetic field surrounding it after
a short period of time. It will gain magnetic field when they are in
contact with strong magnet which does not lose its magnetic
field.
 OPPOSITE ATTRACT

Magnetic fields
Are generated by rotating electric charges, according to HyperPhysics.
Electrons all have a property of angular momentum, or spin. Most electrons
tend to form pairs in which one of them is “spin up” and the other is “spin down,”
in accordance with the Pauli Exclusion Principle, which states that two electrons
cannot occupy the same energy state at the same time. In this case, their magnetic
fields are in opposite directions, so they cancel each other. However, some atoms
contain one or more unpaired electrons whose spin can produce a directional
magnetic field.
The direction of their spin determines the direction of the magnetic field,
according to the Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) Resource Center.
When a significant majority of unpaired electrons are aligned with their spins in
the same direction, they combine to produce a magnetic field that is strong
enough to be felt on a macroscopic scale.
WHAT IS MAGNETISM?
Magnetism is one aspect of the combined electromagnetic force. It refers to
physical phenomena arising from the force caused by magnets, objects that
produce fields that attract or repel other objects.
A magnetic field exerts a force on particles in the field due to the Lorentz
force, according to Georgia State University's HyperPhysics website. The
motion of electrically charged particles gives rise to magnetism. The force
acting on an electrically charged particle in a magnetic field depends on the
magnitude of the charge, the velocity of the particle, and the strength of the
magnetic field.

All materials experience magnetism, some more strongly than others.

Permanent magnets, made from materials such as iron, experience the
strongest effects, known as ferromagnetism. With rare exception, this is the
 TYPES OF MAGNETISM
DIAMAGNETISM
A type of Materials which are weakly repelled to the magnet.
Diamagnetism was discovered and named in 1845 by Michael
Faraday. Some diamagnetic materials are copper,lead,silicon.
PARAMAGNETISM
Materials which are slightly attracted to a magnet
are called paramagnetic materials.
FERROMAGNETISM
Permanent magnets made from materials such as,iron and this is the only
magnetism that is strong enough.
ANTIFERROMAGNETISM
In anti ferromagnetic materials the magnetic moments of
neighboring electrons point in opposite direction.
FERRIMAGNETISM
The ferrimagnetic materials does not lose its magnetism even in
Relationship between electricity and magnetism
In the early days scientists believed that, electricity and magnetism
are two separate forces. However, after the publication of James Clerk
Maxwell, these forces are treated as interrelated forces.
In 1820, Hans Christian Orsted observed a surprising thing, when he
switched on the battery from which the electric current is flowing, the
compass needle moved away from the point north. After this
experiment, he concluded that, the electric current flowing through
the wire produces a magnetic field.
Magnets have two poles, they are north pole (N) and south pole (S).
These poles are present at each end of a magnet.

In a magnet, the magnetic lines of force flows from one end of the magnet which is
conventionally known as the north pole and return back to the other end of the
magnet which is conventionally known as south pole.

When two magnets having opposite poles (one north pole and one south pole)
are placed close to each other, they get attracted. If two magnets having the
same poles (two north poles or two south poles) are placed close to each other,
they get repelled. We can simply say that, like poles repel each other and unlike
poles attract each other.