Management Information

System
GROUP 1
EXPERT SYSTEM
TOPIC 1
• Expert systems are designed to solve real
problems in a particular domain that normally
would require a human expert.
• It can solve many types of problems
Developing an expert system involves
extracting relevant knowledge from human
experts in the area of problem, called domain
experts.
Components of Expert System
• Knowledge acquisition facility
• Knowledge base
• Knowledge-based management
system
• Inference engine
• Work space
• Explanation facility
• Reasoning capability
• User interface
Characteristics of ES
• Expert system is capable of handling
challenging decision problems and
delivering solutions.
• Expert system uses knowledge rather than
data for solution. Much of the knowledge
is heuristic based rather than algorithmic.
• Expert system has the capability to explain
how the decision was made.
Limitations of Expert Systems
• Not widely used or tested
• Limited to relatively narrow problems
• Cannot readily deal with “mixed”
knowledge
• Possibility of error
• Cannot refine own knowledge base
• Difficult to maintain
• May have high development costs
• Raise legal and ethical concerns
Capabilities of Expert Systems
• Strategic goal setting
• Decision making
• Planning
• Design
• Quality control and monitoring
• Diagnosis
IMPACT OF IT ON INDIVIUALS
TOPIC 2
EFFECTS:
• Physical effects
• Psychological effects
• Sociological effects
PHYSICAL IMPACT

Negative effects
Isolation
Obesity
Stress
Eye Sight problems Positive effects
Helpful in medical science
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT
Negative effects
 Addictive.
 Restless
 Glamorizes drug and alcohol use
Positive effects
 Multitasking.
 Socialization
 Connectivity
SOCIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Negative effects
 More time wasted
 Distracted from goals
 Addiction of technology
Positive effects
 More interaction
 Share information
 Social activity
RECOMMENDATIONS
• It should be use for educational
purposes.
• Not be used for useless purposes.
• Use at a adequate distance.
• Use for positive purpose.
• Don’t waste time.
Impact of IT on Organization
 WHAT IMPACTS ORGANIZATIONAL
STRUCTURE

 Organizational structure is the method by which an organization

communicates, distributes responsibility and adapts to change.
 According to the Reference for Business, organizational structure is
how a company utilizes its resources to achieve its goals.
 A company needs to keep its structure dynamic so that it can
respond to the things that impact organizational structure. The
company that can adapt is better able to survive.
TECHNOLOGICAL IMPACT

 Technology can have an impact on how your organization is structured

and how work flows.
 The Reference for Business points out that when computer networks
became popular, it became easier for people to work as groups. People
did not need to be in the same room, or even the same building, to be
efficient.
 Technology can create positions within your company and it can eliminate
positions.
 When filing is done electronically, there is no longer a need for as many file
clerks as you once had but there is a need for a department of technicians
to maintain and grow the computer network.
 As technology continues to change the function of jobs in the workplace,
the landscape of organizational structure changes with it.
IT DEMAND - TO SERVE CUSTOMER NEEDS

 Customer service is important in business, so many companies have

created entire divisions dedicated to customer service and
retention.
 If a particular customer awards a large contract to your company,
you may need to rearrange certain parts of your organization to
accommodate the contract. For example, there may need to be
an entire sales division created just for that customer and
manufacturing may need to create a sub-process to build
specialized products as well. As the needs of your customers shift, so
to will the structure of your organization.
 GROWTH MANAGED BY IT
 A major factor that impacts organizational structure is
company growth. As a company grows, the impact on the
structure of the organization is significant.
 This can be especially true when the organization begins to
expand to other geographic regions and the structure of the
organization is spread out over many miles.
 A company may start out small, but, as time goes by, more
employees may be hired, necessitating the introduction of
departmental managers to help create a managerial
structure. Additionally, an executive team may be required to
run the various aspects of the business, and there may be the
need for middle managers who would report to the
managers. The management and sync is very well performed
using IT
ADVANTAGES

 Investment in Human Capital

 Market Competition
 Resource Utilization
 Dynamicity
 Exploit new ideas
 Lesser Risk
 CHALLENGES

 High Skilled management required.

 Negotiation at each level.
 Availability of Resources.
 Cope against Loyalty.
 Limited to a level.
 Less support from financial institutions.
 Decisions delivery is required to be fast.