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Synthesis and Thermal Characterization of Pedot-Pss For Cardiac Tissue
Synthesis and Thermal Characterization of Pedot-Pss For Cardiac Tissue
DUZUHRI
STUDENT ID: 2017421896
INTRODUCTION
To study the thermal aging of the electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS thin films and correlate this with the morphological,
composition and electronic structure changes occurring during the thermal degradation.
METHODS
MATERIALS
50 nm PEDOT:PSS films coated on pristine plastic substrates (PET)
An aqueous dispersion of PEDOT:PSS (CLEVIOS PH 500, H.C. Starck)
Ratio PEDOT-to-PSS is 1:2.5 by weight
CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS
Temperature dependence d.c conductivity measurements σ = σ(T) performed using a four-probe method.
For the temperature dependent studies a He filled cryostat was used.
Samples from the same PEDOT:PSS film were thermally treated at 120 °C in a thermostated oven under environmental
conditions for different times. The 0 h time includes only the annealing step during the preparation process 20 min.
The conductivity versus temperature was then measured after the heat treatment at every time. These successive
measurements give a set of σ = σ(T) curves and the whole procedure is repeated until saturation in conductivity is
observed.
METHODS
The films were spin-coated in air onto patterned Indium-Tin-Oxide (ITO) substrates from this dispersion after filtration with a
0.45 μm syringe filter.
The typical film thickness obtained at 2000 rpm was 50 nm.
The films were subsequently heated on a hot plate at a temperature between 100 and 250 °C for different times in either
air or N2 (glove box atmosphere).
The surface morphology of the films was measured in air with an atomic force microscope (AFM).
RESULTS
Demonstrate the difference in properties that results from performing the thermal treatment in air or a N 2 atmosphere.
One reason for considering this difference is that PEDOT/PSS is hygroscopic such that after treatment in air the thermal
changes may not prove stable against the rapid uptake of moisture from the ai
PEDOT/PSS films are very stable: they can be treated for up to 1000 hours at 100 °C with no change in conductivity
O2 molecules in the air have no negative effect on the conductivity of PEDOT/PSS films below 100 °C
Irreversible structural changes occur in the PEDOT main chain after 48 h in air at 150 °C (because of heat and moisture)
( Winter, C. Reese, J. Hormes, G. Heywang, F. Jonas Chem. Phys., 194 (1995), p. 207)
The difference between treatment in air and N2 is thus attributable to the influence of oxygen and moisture above 100 °C and
absorbed water below 100 °C
For the film treated in air, the continuous decrease in conductivity after the film had cooled to room temperature is controlled
by water uptake from the air
The conductivity of the film treated at 250 °C is slightly lower than that at 200 °C but the decrease is not very significant
The alignment of molecules in the film often changes with temperature.
Heat may also effect the colloidal particle interactions in the PEDOT/PSS composite
At a suitable temperature, the number and/or height of the barriers may be reduced by coalescence of PEDOT/PSS particles,
e.g. by softening/melting of PSS. This can lead to the polymer chains adopting a more crystalline structure
Heating PEDOT (without PSS) up to 200 °C increases the crystalline order. However, if the temperature is too high, for
example, above 250 °C, degradation of the materials can become a problem causing the conductivity to decrease
(K.E. Aasmundtveit, E.J. Samuelsen, L.A.A. Pettersson, O. Inganäs, T. Johansson, R. Feidenhans’l Synth. Met., 101 (1999),
p. 561)
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