SEMINAR

ALTERNATE FUELS

ABHISHEK PURI
169109011
MECHANICAL-A
 INTRODUCTION
 ALTERNATE FUELS: Alternative fuel, also known as non-conventional fuels, is
any material or substance that can be used as a fuel, other than fossil
fuels, or conventional fuels.
 ALTERNATIVE FUELS INCLUDE:
• Methanol and ethanol (Alcohol Fuels)
• Natural gas (compressed or liquefied)
• Hydrogen
• Biodiesel
• Electricity (Batteries and Fuel cells)
 Why we need alternative fuels ?

 Conventional fuels are going to run out

 To reduce pollution
 To protect against global warming
 Can frequently be produced domestically
 More choices
 You’ll be helping the farmers
 METHANOL
 METHANOL: is an alcohol fuel. The primary alternative methanol fuel being used is M-
85, which is made up of 85% methanol and 15% gasoline.
 Methanol is created from a synthesis gas, which is reacted in the presence of a
catalyst
C02+ 3H2 CH3OH + H2O
 Methanol can also be produced from non-petroleum feed-stocks such as coal and
biomass.
 Emissions from M-85 vehicles are slightly lower than in gasoline powered vehicles.
 Smog-forming emissions are generally 30-50% lower; Nox and hydrocarbons emissions
from M-85 vehicles is slightly lower.
 However, C0 emissions are usually equal or slightly higher than in gasoline vehicles.
ADVANTAGES:
• High octane and performance characteristics.
• Lower emissions
• Lower risk of flammability
• Methanol can be used to easily make hydrogen
• Can be used in flexible fuel vehicles
• Methanol as a fuel in spark-ignition engines can offer
an increased thermal efficiency and increased
power output (as compared to gasoline) due to its
high octane and high heat of vaporization.
 ETHANOL
 It is a renewable energy source.
 Ethanol is an alcohol made by fermenting from a variety of feedstock such as sugar
cane, potatoes, sweet potatoes, molasses, corn, etc.
 The liquid ethanol or ethyl alcohol can be used as a fuel when blended with gasoline
or when its in original states.
 Methanol is made by fermenting almost any material that contains starch and other
farm plants and wastes are also suitable.
 There are two primary ways that ethanol can be used as a transportation fuel:
As a blend of 10% ethanol with 90% gasoline
Use directly as a fuel with 15% gasoline known as E-85
 It has approximately 30-50% fewer smog forming emissions than a gasoline vehicle.
 Air toxics are also reduced by amount 50% compared to gasoline
 ADVANTAGES:
• Higher latent heat of vaporization

• Higher flash point

• No hazardous component

• Higher compression operation of the engine

• Output and efficiency

• Increased safety during use

 NATURAL GAS
 CNG is made by compressing natural gas ( which is
mainly composed of methane, to less than 1% of the
volume it occupies at standard atmospheric pressure.
 Itis stored and distributed in hard containers at a
pressure of 200-248 bar, usually In cylindrical or
spherical shapes.
 Can be used in SI and CI engines.
 CNG
• More economical
• Kit more expensive
• More wear and tear on
engine
• Safer in case of leakage-
lighter than air
LPG
• Higher calorific value
• Easily available
• Wears out piston heads
with heavy loads
• Stored at lower pressures
 BIODIESEL
 Biodiesel is a domestically produced, renewable fuel that can be
manufactured from vegetables oils, animal fats, or recycled restaurant
greases.
 Biodiesel is safe, biodegradable, and reduces air pollutants such as
particulates, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and air toxics.
 Biodiesel can also be used in its pure form but it may require certain
engine modifications to avoid maintenance and performance problems
and may not be suitable for wintertime use.
 Why biodiesel ?
 Sustainability
 Pollution threat
 Reduction of green house gas
emissions
 Regional development
 Social structure and agriculture
 Importance of biodiesel
Environment friendly
Clean burning
Renewable fuel
No engine modification
Biodegradable and non-toxic
Easy to handle and store
Thank you !!