Lipids

Lipid

is an organic compound found in

living organisms that is soluble
in nonpolar solvents
A. Fatty Acids, RCOOH
Fatty Acids, RCOOH
Fatty Acids
 Characteristics: Fatty Acids

1. Unbranched carbon chain

2. Even number of carbon atoms in the
carbon chain
3. Double bonds, when present, in a cis
configuration
 Properties: Fatty Acids (and Lipids)

1. Water solubility
Solubility decreases as carbon chain length increases.
@ room temp, 10-C or less FA: Oil; 11-C or more: Fats

2. Melting/ Boiling points

-As carbon chain length increases, melting point
increases (> SA for IM attractions)
-MP decreases with increasing degree of unsaturation
(decreased MA bet C-chains)
Designation
Fatty Acids
Essential Fatty Acids

ὠ-6
ὠ-3
To eat or Not to eat
 B. Lipids with Glycerol

• 1. Triglycerides/ neutral fat

• 2. Phosphoglycerides/ phospholipids
• 3. Cardiolipin/ cliphosphatidyl glycerol
 B. Lipids with Glycerol

1. Triglycerides/ neutral fat* (Old.name: Triacylglycerol)

(Energy-Storage Lipids)

*Esterification
*Saponification
B. Lipids with Glycerol
1. Triglycerides

Exercise
 B. Lipids with Glycerol
1. Triglycerides

1. Draw the structural formula of the triglyceride

produced from the reaction between glycerol
and 3 molecules of myristic acid (14:0).
 B. Lipids with Glycerol
2. Phosphoglycerides/ phospholipids*
(Membrane Lipids)

=glycerol + FA+ phosphate group

+ N-containing compound
 B. Lipids with Glycerol
3. Cardiolipin/ Cliphosphatidyl glycerol
(Membrane Lipids- Mitochondria)

=glycerol + 2 moles of Phosphatidic acid

*Used in serological diagnosis of syphilis

*Treponema pallidum
 B. Lipids with Glycerol
3. Cardiolipin/ Cliphosphatidyl glycerol
(Membrane Lipids- Mitochondria)
 B. Lipids with Glycerol
3. Cardiolipin/ Cliphosphatidyl glycerol
(Membrane Lipids- Mitochondria)
 B. Lipids not containing Glycerol

• 1. Sphingolipids
• 2. Waxes
• 3. Terpenes
• 4. Steroids
 B. Lipids not containing Glycerol
• 1. Sphingolipids
=sphingosine + FA + another compound

Parent compounds:
ceramide
sphingomyelin
glycosphingolipids (cerebrosides/ ganglioside)

*Stoker, p.112
 B. Lipids not containing Glycerol
2. Waxes
 B. Lipids not containing Glycerol
• 3. Terpenes
- polymers of isoprene units joined head to
tail; gives rise to rubber, steroids, and
carotenoids
 B. Lipids not containing Glycerol
• 3. Terpenes
- polymers of isoprene units joined head to
tail; gives rise to rubber, steroids, and
carotenoids
 B. Lipids not containing Glycerol
• 4. Steroids (Messenger lipids)
- sex hormones, cholesterol, adrenocorticol
hormones..
B. Lipids not containing Glycerol
 Functions of LIPIDS
• 1. Stored as metabolic energy reserve
• 2. Source of most vegetable oils
• 3. Retards loss of body heat, aid on water retention,
involve in blood clotting and hormonal responses
• 4. sex attractants and growth regulators of insects
• 5. Protective coating on surface
• 6. Cell recognition and tissue immunity