Never stop dreaming,

never stop believing,

never give up,
never stop trying,and
never stop learning.
-Text linguistics is a branch
of linguistic that deals
with texts as communication system
.-Its original aims lay in uncovering
and describing text grammars.
-Text is extremely significant
in communication because people communicate not
by means of individual words or fragments of
sentences in languages, but by means of texts.
-A text is an extended structure
of syntatic units such as words,
groups, and clauses and textual
units.
-
 A persuative text is a text
that is constructed to make
you do something.
Persuasive text could use
-Repeated words
-Text in capital letters
-Exclamation marks
An informative text is a text
that wants to advices or tell
you about something .

Informative may uses

-Give information in a clear way
-Contain facts
A descriptive text is a text
that wants you to picture
what is being described .

Make use of adjectives and

adverb
An instructive text is a text
that’s instruct or tells you
how to do something.

It may uses
-use must and must not
-use numbered and bullet
points
An instructive text is a text
that’s instruct or tells you
how to do something.

It may uses
-use must and must not
-use numbered and bullet
points
As a science of text, text linguistics describes
or explains among different types of text the:
-Shared features
-Distinct features

Text linguistics is the study of how texts function

in human interaction. Beaugrande and Dressler
define a text as a “communicative occurrence
which meets seven standards of textuality
 .
Cohesion, Coherence, Intentionality,
Acceptability, Informativity,
Situationality and Intertextuality,
without any of which the text will not
be communicative. Non-
communicative texts are treated as
non-texts.
 .

- Surface texts are the exact words that people

see or hear. Cohesion concerns the ways in
which the components of the surface text are
connected within a sequence. Grammatical
forms and conventions are adhered to by
surface components and therefore cohesion
rests upon grammatical dependencies.
 .
- Reference
- Substitution
- Ellipses
- Conjunction
- Lexical cohesion
 .

As cohesive device has to do with the

introduction of a new item in the text and
the subsequent referral to that same item
by means of a another item, usually a
shorter form (popularly referred to as a
‘pro-form’).
 .

The process or result of replacing one

word by another at a particular position in
a structure is called substitution. The
word which refers back to a previously
occurring element of structure may be
called a substitute word.
 .

Another common cohesive device in

discourse is to leave out a word or phrase
of a sentence for reasons of economy,
emphasis or style, and the omitted parts
can only be recovered by the reader from
the previous discourse.
 .

- refers to an item or a process whose

primary function is to connect words or
other constructions
.
 .
Lexical cohesion
The donkey died; the poor creature has worked hard
all his life.
(i) Repetition There was a cat on the table. The
cat was smiling.
(ii) Synonym He got a lot of presents from his
friends and family. All the gifts were wrapped in
colored paper.
(iii) Superordinate Yesterday, a pigeon carried the
first message from Pinhurst to Silbury. The bird
covered the distance in three minutes.
 .

- concerns the ways in which

concepts and relations, which
underlie the surface text, are linked,
relevant
-" and used, to achieve efficient
communication.
 .

-concerns the text producer's attitude

and intentions as the text producer
uses cohesion and coherence to attain
a-" goal specified in a plan. Without
cohesion and coherence, intended
goals may not be achieved due to a
breakdown of communication
 .

-concerns the text receiver's attitude that

the text should constitute useful or
relevant details or information such that it
is worth accepting. Text type, the
desirability
-"
of goals and the political and
sociocultural setting, as well as cohesion
and coherence are important in influencing
the acceptability of a text.
 .

- concerns the extent to which the contents

of a text are already known or expected as
compared to unknown or unexpected. No
matter how expected or predictable content
may
-" be, a text will always be informative at

least to a certain degree due to unforeseen

variability
 .

-concerns the factors which make a text

relevant to a situation of occurrence. The
situation in which a text is exchanged
influences the comprehension of the text.
-"
There may be different interpretations with
the road sign
 .

- concerns the factors which make the

utilization of one text dependent upon
knowledge of one or more previously
encountered text. If a text receiver does not
-"
have prior knowledge of a relevant text,
communication may break down because
the understanding of the current text is
obscured
 .
Robert-Alain de Beaugrande

-"
 .
-was a text linguist and a discourse analyst, one of the
leading figures of the Continental tradition in the
discipline. He was one of the developers of the
Vienna School of Textlinguistik (Department of
Linguistics at the University of Vienna), and
published the seminal Introduction to Text
Linguistics
-" in 1981, with Wolfgang U. Dressler .

He was also a major figure in the consolidation of

critical discourse analysis.
 .
-Text linguistics stimulates reading by
arousing interest in texts or novels.

Increases background knowledge on

literature and on different kinds of
publications.
-"
Writing skills can be improved by familiarizing
and duplicating specific text structures and the
use of specialized vocabulary.
 .

Thankyou!
-"