Presented By:

M.Tech.(IT)
Department of Information Technology
 Contents of Literature
Survey
 Various Networks & Existing Topologies in current days.

 Brief about Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)

 Related Works.

 Suggestions/improvements for future work

 References
 Networks & Existing Topologies
-What is Network?
o A network consists of two or more devices that are linked(WIRED/WIRELESS) in order to share
resources (i.e. printers,CDs), exchange or allow electronic communications.

Three Common Types are: LAN,WAN,MAN and also PAN,VPN,SAN.

What is Topology?
o The physical or logical interconnection pattern of a network

Topology Structures in todays

networks
o Bus (BUS/LINE topology Nodes are connected to a single
cable or backbone to each other)
o Star (which all nodes are individually connected to a central
connection point, like a hub or a switch)
o Ring (A ring network is a network topology in which each
node connects to exactly two other nodes, forming a single
continuous pathway for signals through each node - a ring)
o Mesh (Mesh topology is a type of networking where all nodes
cooperate to distribute data amongst each other)
o Hybrid (Topology of Topologies)
o Tree (Where Star and Bus formed a tree like pattern) etc.
Networks & Existing Topologies(contd.)
Local Area Networks(LANs)

A LAN encompasses Nodes and peripherals connected to

a server within a distinct geographic area such as an
office or a commercial establishment. Computers and
other mobile devices use a LAN connection to share
resources such as a printer or network storage.

Wide area Networks (WANs)

WAN is a telecommunications network or

network
Of networks that extends over a large
geographical
distance/place.
WSN in Brief(WSN,Existing Topologies)
 Wireless & Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Network  The WSN is built of

 A wireless network is a network "nodes" – from a few
that uses wireless data to several hundreds or
connections between network even thousands,
nodes. where each node is
connected to one (or
What is Heterogeneous sometimes several)
Networks? sensors. Each such
sensor network node
 It is a network connecting computers has typically several
and other devices with different
operating systems and/or protocols. It parts: a radio
indicates the use of multiple types of transceiver with an
access nodes in a wireless network. internal antenna or
connection to an
Wireless Sensor Network external antenna, a
 Wireless sensor network (WSN) refers to a microcontroller, an
group of spatially dispersed and dedicated electronic circuit for
sensors for monitoring and recording the interfacing with the
physical conditions of the environment and sensors and an energy
organizing the collected data at a central source, usually a
location. WSNs measure environmental battery or an
conditions like temperature, sound, embedded form of
pollution levels, humid, wind so on. energy harvesting.
WSN in Brief(contd.)
Existing Some Topologies in WSN
 Bus Topology (there is a node send message to another node on the network
sends a broadcast message onto the network that all other nodes see, but only the
intended recipient actually accepts and processes the message)

 Tree Topology (The network use a central hub called a root node as the main
communication router. In the hierarchy, central hub is one level below from the
root node. This lower level forms a star network. The tree network can be
considered a hybrid of both the Star and Peer to Peer networking topologies)

 Star Topology(Star networks are connected to a centralized communication

hub(sink) and the nodes cannot communicate directly with each other. The entire
communication must be routed through the centralized hub. Each node is then a
“client” while the central hub is the “server or sink”)
WSN in Brief(contd.)
How Sensing Node Works
Sensing Unit: It is usually composed of two subunits:
 Sensors and Analog-to-Digital convertors (ADC’s).
 Analog signals produced by sensors based on
observed phenomenon are converted to digital
signals by ADC, and then fed into processing unit.
Processing Unit
 It manages the procedures that make the sensor
node collaborate with other nodes to carry out
assigned sensing tasks.
 It is generally associated with a small storage unit.

Transceiver: It connects the node to the network.

Power Unit: WSN ARCHITECTURE

 Since wireless sensor networks focus more on power
conservation than ‘Quality of Service (QoS)’, it is
one of the most important components of a sensing
node.
 Power units may be supported by power scavenging
units such as solar cells.
 A sensor node can only be equipped with limited
power source. (<0.5 Ah, 1.2 V)
Related Works & Results
 Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network Deployment and Topology Control Based on Irregular
Sensor Model :An irregular sensor model is proposed based on the radio propagation model inspired from Radio Irregularity
Model (RIM) and degree of irregularity (DOI) by Chun-Hsien Wu and Yeh-Ching Chung Department of Computer Science, National
Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.

 Fault-tolerant Topology Control for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks Using Multi-routing Tree: The
published works on fault-tolerant topology control can be classified into the algorithms for homogeneous WSNs and that for
heterogeneous WSNs (HWSNs) All of these algorithms in reference constructed k-connected networks to provide alternative routes
to ensure networks fault tolerant. By Guizhen Ma,Yang,Yang Xuesong Qiu,Zhipeng Ga,He Li State Key Laboratory of Networking
and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing, China Tourism College of Beijing Union
University Beijing, China

Comparisons & Results

The comparison in between the topologies of Wireless Sensor Network
Suggestions/improvements for future work

Why do we need different schemes in sensor

networks?
 Location of sensors is not deterministic
 Resource constraints
 Energy/Power consumption
 Interference
 Throughput
 Connectivity

There are different topologies discussed above and

comparison of the performance under different
topologies has been done.
There is a need to reduce energy consumption so as
to enhance the performance of the network in
terms of lifetime, congestion should be less at the
sensor nodes
that should be balancing the load of the network.
More number of packets are received at the
sink in mesh and circular topology and the
most at grid. Grid topology has been found
energy efficient in theoretical comparison.
Future work can be focused on the detailed
study of different topologies in their specific
applications.
References
[1] Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network Deployment and Topology Control Based on Irregular Sensor Model,Chun-Hsien Wu1
and Yeh-Ching Chung Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C.{chwu,
ychung}@cs.nthu.edu.tw.

[2] Fault-tolerant Topology Control for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks Using Multi-routing Tree,Guizhen Ma,Yang
Yang,Xuesong Qiu1,Zhipeng Gao, He Li,State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and
Telecommunications Beijing, China, Tourism College of Beijing Union University ,Beijing, China
E-mail: {mgz, yyang, xsqiu,gaozhipeng,lihe}@bupt.edu.cn

[3] KazemSohraby, Danielminoli ,TaiebZnati,“WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS :Technology, Protocols, and

Applications”, published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken ew Jersey, 2007.
[2] Al-Karaki, J.N.; Kamal, A.E.,“Al-Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a survey”, Wireless Communications, IEEE
International Conference, Vol. 11, No. 6, pp. 6 - 28, 2004.

[4] Kazemsohraby, Daniel Minoli, Taieb Znati,“Wireless Sensor Networks”, Technology, Protocols and applications, 2007.

[5] Wu, Zhengyu, Song, Hantao, Jiang, Shaofeng, Xu, Xiaomei,“Energy-Aware Grid Multipath Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc
network (MANET)”, IEEE Asia International Conference on modeling & simulation (AMS), pp. 36 - 41, 2010.

 http://www.ques10.com/p/2732/explain-in-detail-components-of-sensor-node/
 https://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument/9783319467672-c2.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-1594067-
p180281263
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_sensor_network

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