LEPTOSPIROSIS

Bacteria Leptospira interorgan causes Leptospirosis.

Also known as canicola fever, swineherd’s disease, or
sewer man's flu.
 Leptospira
 Tiny and spiral
 Gram negative
 Darkfield microscope
 Motile
 Aerobic
Contaminated water
Floodwater among surrounding areas with
livestock and rats
Abrasion or cuts in the skin
1st phase 2nd phase
 Nonspecific, flu- Depends on affected
like organs
 Muscle pain Liver- jaundice
 Headache Kidney- renal failure
 Chills Lungs- cough, dyspnea,
hemoptysis
 Fever
Meningitis- headaches,
 conjunctivitis
fever, stiff neck
 Complete blood count
 Urine analysis
 Liver function test
 Chest x-ray
 Lumbar puncture
 ELISA- detection of IgM antibodies
 Microscopic agglutination test (MAT)
 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
 Molecular typing
 Solid and liquid media
Isolation and treat infected animals
Hygienic disposal of infected material
Detection and elimination of carriers
Prevent contact between animals and their urine
Cleaning and disinfect all infected premises
• The prognosis ranges • Antibiotics (Doxycycline,
from good to poor ampicillin, amoxicillin,
that depends on the
response to Cephalosporin’s,
treatment. Pregnant ceftriaxone, cefotaxime,
Mothers have higher and quinolone)
rate of mortality • Admission is necessary
especially if they
acquire it early in • Immunization
pregnancy.
 The first tends to occur in temperate climatic conditions. Farming
of pigs and cattle puts people at particular high risk. To lower
one’s risk of exposure, animal immunization is suggested.
 The second epidemiological pattern is found in wet tropical
regions and has many more serovars implicated and involves
more animal reservoirs, including dogs and other pets.
 Occupational and recreational hygiene to avoid exposure, such as
the use of protective gear, should be employed to reduce
exposure risk.
 The third epidemiological pattern is seen in urban environments.