Information

Systems in the
Digital Age
Sander T. Sedano, MIT
Costs associated
• Production
Information
• Distribution By-product of conducting a business
• Security
Fuel of the organization
• Storage
• Retrieval • Success
• Failure
Information
Though information is around us, it is not free and its
strategic use for positioning a business competitively
should not be taken for granted
 QUESTIONS:

What is Information Explosion?

Information Do you believe that such exists?

Explosion
If it exists, when or where does it take
place?
Can we use Information Explosion in our
advantage? How?
Information
• Production
• Distribution
• Security
• Storage
• Retrieval
Systems Analysis and Design
TECHNOLOGY BUSINESSES
• System ORGANIZATIONS
• Analysis INSTITUTIONS
• Design
• Systems Analysis
• Systems Design
 Systems Development

systematic process which includes

phases such as planning, analysis,
design, deployment, and
maintenance.
Systems Analysis

• Collecting and interpreting facts

• Identifying the problems
• Decomposition of a system into its components.
 Why is it conducted?

It has the purpose of studying a system or its

parts in order to identify its objectives.
Systems
Analysis Problem solving
improves the system
ensures that all the
components of the system
technique work efficiently to
accomplish their purpose.

Analysis specifies what the system should

do.
 PLANNING A NEW REPLACING AN DEFINE ITS
BUSINESS SYSTEM EXISTING SYSTEM HOW? COMPONENTS OR
MODULES TO SATISFY
THE SPECIFIC
REQUIREMENTS.

Systems Design
What is needed Understand the old system thoroughly
before and determine how computers can best
be used in order to operate efficiently.
Planning?
 FOCUS:

how to accomplish the objective of the system.

Systems
System Analysis and Design (SAD) mainly focuses on:

Design Systems

Processes

Technology
 ORIGIN IN GREEK:
Systema- an organized relationship between any set of
components to achieve some common cause or
What is a objective.

System? A system is “an orderly grouping of interdependent

components linked together according to a plan to
achieve a specific goal.”
Activity
How would this illustration relate to a system?
Quiz
1. What does each component in the
illustration represent?

POINT SYSTEM
3 points- Precise
2 points- Closely Related
1 point- Far Related

1 point- Base Point

 Business
Information Systems
Information Systems in the Digital Age
Sets of inter-related procedures
using IT infrastructure in a business
enterprise to generate and
disseminate desired information.

Business Information System

 Business Systems are designed to support decision
making by the people associated with the
Information enterprise in the process of attainment of
System its objectives.
 Business Environment
Business System

Feedback & Control

IT Resources Processing Information

Input Process Output
 Business Environment
Business System

Feedback & Control

IT Resources Processing Information

Input Process Output

There are systems of control over the use of IT resources and the feedback system
offers useful clues for increasing the benefits of information systems to business. The
business information systems are sub-systems of business system and by
themselves serve the function of feedback and control in business system.
 TYPES OF
BUSINESS
INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
 • Support data workers
• Familiar Aspects
• Word processing
• Spreadsheets
• Desktop publishing
• Electronic scheduling
• Email

Office Automation Systems

Knowledge
Work Systems
(KWS)

Aids professional
workers
• Scientists
• Engineers
• Doctors
 Knowledge Work Systems (KWS)

Inputs: Design specs

Processing: Modeling
Outputs: Designs, graphics
Users: Technical staff

Example: Engineering work station CAD

Virtual Reality
Investment Workstations
Human Resource Systems
 Management Information System (MIS)

It does not replace TPS; Caters to a broader Users share common

rather, it includes it. spectrum of database
organizational tasks.
Decision Analysis
Decision Making
(Approaching level)
Management information system (mis)

Google Image
Decision support Systems (DSS)

Similar to • Both depends on a database a source of

data
MIS
Departs • Emphasizes support on decision making in
all its phases
from MIS • Actual decision comes from decision maker.
Expert Systems
ES use the approaches of AI reasoning to
solve the problems put to them by business
 General Thrust of AI:
Develop machines that behave
intelligently

2 Avenues of AI Research
1. Understanding Natural
Language
2. Analyzing the ability to reason
through a problem to its
logical conclusion
Expert Systems
Activity on System Scope
Write down 4 variables that affect vulnerability
Explain system vulnerability in consonance with scope
Draw graphs representing the following:
Software failure over time
Hardware failure over time
HW SW failure over Time