General Administrative

Theory

Henri Fayol (1841 -

1925) and Max Weber
(1864 - 1920)
Can you have equity without equality?
They are the personalities most commonly
associated with it. Fayol's 19th century writings
were concerned with managerial activities which
he based on his actual experience as a managing
director in a big coal mining company. He
believed that management is an activity that all
organizations must practice and viewed it as
separate from all other organizational activities
such as Marketing, Finance, Research and
Development and others.
Concentrates on the manager's functions and what
makes up good management practice or
implementation.

Weber, a German sociologist wrote in the early 1900s

that ideal organizations, especially large ones, must
have authority structures and coordination with others
based on what he referred to as BUREAUCRACY.
Present-day organizations still make use of Weber's
structural design
Henri Fayol's Principles of Management

*Work Division or Specialization

*Authority
*Discipline
*Unity of command
*Unity of Direction
*Subordination of individual interest to
general interest
*Remuneration/Pay
*Centralization
*Scalar chain of authority
*Maintenance of Order
*Equity or Fairnes
*Stability/security of tenure of workers
*Employee initiative
*Promotion of team spirit or esprit de corps
Bureaucracy
According to
Weber
According to Weber, Bureaucracy is an
organizational form distinguished by the
following components:

*Division of Labour
*Hierarchical identification of job positions
*Detailed rules and regulations
*Impersonal connections with one another
Total Quality Management (TQM)

Is a management philosophy that focuses on the

satisfaction of customers, their needs and expectations.
Quality experts W. Edwards Deming (1900-1993) and
Joseph M. Juran (1904-2008) introduced this customer-
oriented idea in the 1950s; however, the concept had
few supporters.

The Americans did not immediately take to the idea

since the US was enjoying supremacy in the global
market at the time.
Deming's 14 Points for Top Management

1. Create Constancy of purpose for improvement of

products and services
2. Adopt the new TQM Philosophy
3. Cease dependence on mass inspection by doing things
right and doing it right the first time
4. End the practice of awarding business on the basis of
price tag alone
5. Constantly improve the system of production and
services
6. Institute training
7. Adopt and institute leadership
8. Drive out fear
9. Break down barriers between staff areas
10.Eliminate slogans focus on correction of defects in
the system
11.Eliminate numerical quota for the work force
12.Remove barriers that rob people of 'pride of
workmanship'
13.Encourage education and self-improvement for
everyone
14.Take action to accomplish the transformation
Organizational Behaviour (OB) Approach

Involves the study of the conduct,

demeanor or action of people at work.
Research on behavior helps managers carry
out their functions--leading, team
building, resolving conflict and others.
Learning Output 1

Think of a difficult task which you, as a

student, must accomplish. What are the
steps needed to complete the said task?
Explain your answer