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Stem cell
characteristics
Embryonic stem cells
(ESC)
Adult Stem cells (ASC)
Stem Cell Lines
Classification of stem
cells
Culture and
Stem cell therapy
Recent Developments
Diversity of Human Cells
Adult humans consist of more than 200 kinds of
cells.
They are nerve cells (neurons), muscle cells
(myocytes), skin (epithelial) cells, blood cells
(erythrocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, etc.), bone
cells (osteocytes), and cartilage cells
(chondrocytes).
cells essential for embryonic development but not
incorporated into the body of the embryo, include
the extra-embryonic tissues, placenta, and
umbilical cord.
All of these cells are generated from a single,
totipotent cell, the zygote, or fertilized egg.
What is a stem cell?
1.Embryonic Type
2. Adult Type
Umbilical Cord Stem Cells Placental Stem Cells Adult Stem Cells
Sources of embryonic type stem
cells
* Embryos - Embryonic stem cells are
obtained by harvesting living embryos which
are generally 5-7 days old. The removal of
embryonic stem cells invariably results in the
destruction of the embryo.
* Fetuses - Another kind of stem cell, called an
embryonic germ cell, can be obtained from
either miscarriages or aborted fetuses.
Sources of adult type stem cells
Totipotent
Pluripotent
Multipotent
Unipotent stem cells
Types of Stem cells
Totipotent stem cells
Thisability to differentiate
into multiple cell types is
called plasticity or
transdifferentiation.
Differentiation
pathways of adult stem cells
Neural stem cells in the brain give rise to its three
major cell types: nerve cells (neurons) and two
categories of non-neuronal cells — astrocytes and
oligodendrocytes.
Epithelial stem cells in the lining of the digestive tract
occur in deep crypts and give rise to several cell types:
absorptive cells, goblet cells, Paneth cells, and
enteroendocrine cells.
Skin stem cells occur in the basal layer of the
epidermis and at the base of hair follicles.
The epidermal stem cells give rise to keratinocytes,
which migrate to the surface of the skin and form a
protective layer.
The follicular stem cells can give rise to both the hair
follicle and to the epidermis
The similarities and differences between
embryonic and adult stem cells