FRANKEL

APPLIANCE
 INTRODUCTION
• Function regulator appliances were developed by
Rofl Frankel (Germany).
• Frankel believed that the active muscles and tissue
mass, i.e., the buccinator mechanism and the
orbucularis oris complex have a major role in the
development of skeletal and dentofacial
deformities.
FRANKEL PHILOSOPHY
• 1. vestibular area of operation: shields of appliance
extend to the vestibule and this prevents the
abnormal muscle function.
• 2. saggital correction via tooth borne maxillary
anchorage: presence of the lingual pad acts as a
proprioceptive stimulus and helps in forward
posturing of mandible.
• 3. Differential eruption guidance: frankel is placed
on the upper teeth. Mandibular teeth are free to
erupt and their unrestricted upward and forward
movement contributes to both vertical and
horizontal correction of malocclusion.
Mode of action of Frankel
appliance:
• 1. increase in transverse sagittal direction by use of
buccal shields and lip pads.
• 2. increase in vertical direction by allowing the
lower molar to erupt freely because appliance is
fixed on the upper arch.
• 3. muscle adaptation by form and extension of the
buccal shield and lip pad along with the prescribed
exercises corrects the abnormal perioral muscles
activity.
 Types of frankel
regulators
• 1. FR1: used in class I and class II Div 1.
FRIa: used for class I, moderate crowding and
deep bite.
FRIb: used for class II Div 1 overjet less than 7mm.
FRIc: used for class II Div 1 overjet more tha 7mm.
2. FRII- used for class II div 2 and div 1.
3. FRIII- used for class III.
4. FRIV- used for cases of open bite and bimaxillary
protrusion.
5. FR V- FR with headgear.
 Parts of appliance:
• Acrylic part: 1. Buccal shields.
2. lip pads.
3. lower lingual pads.
• Wire parts: 1. palatal bow.
2. labial bow.
3. canine extension, upper lingual wire
only in FRII, lingual crossover wire, lip pads , lower
lingual spring.
 Treatment timing:
• The best therapeutic effect of Frankel appliance is
achieved during the late mixed and trasitional
dentition period, when both the soft and hard
tissues are undergoing their greatest transitional
changes.
• Treatment for class III and open bite cases should
usually start sooner than for class II problems.
THANKYOU