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SURGERY OR
ORTHODONTICS?
Class II division 2 malocclusion
Type A:
Maxillary central incisors and
laterals are retroclined.
Degree of retroclination
is less severe in nature.
Von-Der-Linden Classification of class II/2
Type B:
Maxillary lateral incisors are
overlapping the retroclined
maxillary central incisors.
Type C :
Maxillary central and lateral incisors
Are retroclined and are overlapped
By the maxillary canines.
General clinical features of Class II division 2
Extra-Oral:
-Shape of the head: brachycephalic
-Facial profile: convex (striaght)
-Chin : Prominent
-Lower Lip: Everted ( lower
lip line is high relative to the
upper incisors)
-Upper Lip: Positioned high
inrespect to the upper anteriors
(Gummy smile)
-Mentolabial sulcus: Deep
-Mentalis : Hyperactive
General clinical features of Class II division 2
Intra-Oral:
- Class II molar relation (Distocclusion)
- Class II canine relation
- Retroclined maxillary central (extruded)
- Labialy tipped maxillary lateral incisors
- Deep bite: overclosure (closed bite)
- Decreased overjet
- Accentuated curve of Spee
- Retroclined lower incisors
(Extruded lack of stops)
Etiology of Class II division 2
Dental or Skeletal
( combination of both)
Dental Class II division 2
( unilateral/subdivision or bilateral)
Skeletal Class II division 2 malocclusion
Size or Position
(small mandible) (Retrusion of a normal sized mandible)
Class II div 2 with a small mandiblethe decreased size is localized more to the
mandibular body (Mandibular Ramus is of normal lenght)
Cephalometrically:
1) Flat mandibular plane
2) Increasesd posterior facial height
3) Short lower anterior facial height
( resulting in both upper and lower lip
having a more everted position at rest)
4) Mandibular length
measured from Ar-Gn-Pog may appear
normal because of the excessive
chin projection.
5) SNA: normal
SNB: decreased
ANB: increased (Stiener)
Skeletal Class II division 2 Mandibular deficiency
Maxillary excess
( Combination of both)
Skeletal Class II division 2 Maxillary excess
Vertical Maxillary excess may be localized only to the posterior area Open
bite and incompetent lips ( normal vertical display of maxillary incisors in
repose and during smiling.)
Overall maxillary excess includes both the anterior and the posterior area
resulting in an excessive vertical display of the maxillary incisors in repose and
during smiling (high smile line) Gummy smile. (classII/2) and incompetent
lips.
Questionnaire/interview
Diagnostic records
(the diagram shows how the problem list derived from the database)
Diagnosis: Problem-Oriented approach
For example:
Problem is identified : growing patient was diagnosed with a skeletal class II malocclusion
due to a maxillary excess ( Priority on a problem list)
a solution to this problem is considered
One of the treatment options for solving this problem in a growing patient is through
restraining the maxillary growth.
Treatment plan is established : in this case is to apply an orthopedic force to the maxilla
via maxillary teeth best applied in posterior and superior direction
It has 3 envelopes the perimeter of each envelope gives the maximum range of
movements possible by different methods of treatment .
Limitations of orthodontic treatment
7mm maxillary incisors retraction (within the range of ortho tooth movment)
12 mm maxillary incisor retraction : ( orthopedic and orthodontic tooth movment)
15 mm maxillary incisor retraction : Requires orthognathic surgey
The orthodontic treatment with or without orthopedic treatment can create
a larger A-P correction then in Transverse and Vertical dimension.
1) Functional stability.
2) Facial esthetics.
Limitations in orthodontic treatment related to the soft
tissue:
1) Pressure exerted on teeth from lips, cheeks, and tongue
2) Peridontal attachment
3) Neuro-muscular influence on mandibular position
4) Contours of the soft tissue facial mask
5) Lip-Tooth relationship ( Anterior tooth display during facial animation)
Timing of the treatment: is an important factor in the
amount of change that can be produced
Optimum time for growth modification Pre-pubertal
growth spurt
therefore proper diagnosis of the patient at early age
and the use of correct functional appliances will cause
the patient to aviod surgery
Treatment of Class II Division 2
1) Growth modification
2) Dental camouflage
Headgear:
it delivers an extra-oral orthopedic force to compress the maxillary sutures
and modify the pattern of bone apposition at these sites.
2 TYPES
Facebow J-Hooks
(maxillary excess ) ( Maxillary anterior retraction)
and intrusion
Treatment of skeletal class II division 2 malocclusion
(cervical)
-Distal and extrusive forces on maxillary mollars . (occipital)
-posterior and inferior extra-oral force -Distal and intrusive forces on the maxillary molar
- extra-oral force is directed superior and posterior
-Increases vertical dimension -A-P and Vertical maxillary excess ( decreases V.D)
- used in A-P maxillary excess with flat mand,plane
Treatment of skeletal Class II division 2 malocclusion
Dental Camouflage:
It is a treatment that seeks to create a dental compensation to hide the skeletal discrepancy
Maxillary Retroclination and Mandibular Protraction.
Indicated:
1) Adults
2) Mild to Moderate skeletal Class II cases
3) Minimal dental crowding .
4) Acceptable facial esthetics
5) Usually requires extraction
Orthognathic surgery:
A combination of orthodontic therapy and Orthognathic surgery for the
correction of moderate to severe skeletal class II malocclusion
(Adults, no growth potential)
Indicated:
1) Moderate to Severe skeletal discrepancy
2) Facial imbalances or asymmetries: long lower face , Gummy smile
3) Limitations of tooth movement : Upright on basal bone
4) Relapse potential of orthodontic treatment.
5) Severe crowding and protrusion in the dental arches with skeletal
class II malocclusion (extraction space is not sufficient to correct buccal occlusion)
Treatment of skeletal class II division 2 malocclusion
The intraoral sagittal split ramus osteotomy is the most popular technique for
surgical mandibular advancment.
Treatment of skeletal class II division 2 malocclusion
To correct the:
1) Gummy smile
2) excessive lower facial height
3) incompetent lips
4) mandible will rotate anti-clock wise
Treatment of skeletal class II division 2 malocclusion