Professional Documents
Culture Documents
N.MOTHI KRISHNA
I YEAR MDS
DEPARTMENT OF OTHODONTICS
AND DENTOFACIAL OTHOPEDICS
GROWTH PREDICTION
DEFINITION
• Growth prediction can never be accurate especially
when the child is growing (Proffit).
1. Theoretical
2. Regression
3. Experimental
4. Time series
1.Theoretical
2.Regression
3.Experiential
4.Time series
1. Time series analysis:which extracts in a
mathematical form the fundamental nature of the
process as it relates to time.
1:1.618
Gnomonic growth
of human face
• Lead shots are implanted at three foramina along the
path of the nerve namely foramen ovale,mandibular
foramen,mental foramen.
• As the bone increases in size the spiral itself doesnot
change ,instead, the mandible itself changes in position
and the base appears to rotate along the spiral .
• As the bone lengthens in growth the distance between
the foramina increases.
Arcial growth of
mandible
• Given by rickets
• An arc of growth can be constructed for every
individual depending on the length of the core of the
mandible.
• He used points which are immune to surface
deposition and resorption.
• Xi point is at the level of occlusal plane.
• In some cases at the level of mandibular foramen.
1.curve A – gonial angle will be too wide.
2.curve B - mandible will be bent too much.
3.curve C – mandible follows this curve.
Occlusal plane and mandibular
teeth eruption
• With upward and forward eruption of teeth the chin
is pushed beneath lower arch.
Drawbacks of arcial
growth prediction
• Each line is connected at one end to at least one other line. The
point of connection is termed as nodes.
• The lines and planes conceptually subdivide the body into a series
of contiguous finite elements , a process called Discretization.
• It is
a constructed point representing the center of
the largest circle that is tangent to the superior,
anterior & palatal surfaces of maxilla as seen in the
saggital plane.
• C-Axis: The line from the sella (S) to M- point is
defined as C- axis.
• It permits the quantification of a complex maxillary growth
process
• Age group -7.4-18.75yrs
• The regression formula is independent of gender within the
chronological age studied.
• Upto age 14, both male and females show- growth increment
of 1.41mm &1.31mm/yr.
• The mean growth axis angle (C-axis- SN) increased for both
males and females.
• Males = 3.98
• Females = 2.25
G Axis
• G –Axis : A growth vector for mandible.
Length of sella to g- point.
• G point : it is a point representing the center of largest circle
that is tangent to the internal inferior, anterior, and post
surfaces of the mandibular symphyseal region as seen on
lateral cephalograms.
• 1.6mm per year(females)
• 2.3mm per year(males)
• Mandible grows downwards and backwards
AN INSTRUMENT FOR ANALYSIS OF
FACIAL GROWTH (AJO 1969 )
A SIMPLIFIED APPROACH TO PREDICTION
( AJO 1975 )
FRONTAL SINUS & MANDIBULAR GROWTH
PREDICTION(AJO DO 1991 DEC)
• Brown,Molleson & Chinn – study on lateral ceph
• The surface area(sq.mm) of frontal sinus –assessed by
summagraphic decoder linked to a microcomputer
• Negative ANB angle – small maxilla & large
mandible coincided with large frontal sinus
• Larger frontal sinus has larger mandible.
ANTEGONIAL NOTCH FOR GROWTH
PREDICTION(AJO DO 1992 )
• Singer , Mamandras &
Hunter
• Presence of prominent
antegonial notch-arrested
growth of mandibular
condyles
• So deep antegonial notch –
Backward rotating mandible
Growth prediction from posture - Solow and
Siersbæk-Nielson AJO-DO 1992 May
• Children with a large craniocervical angle and an
upright position of the upper cervical column
displayed a more vertical subsequent facial growth
pattern , than children with a small craniocervical
angulation and a backward inclination of the upper
cervical column.
• Small cervical angle – horizontal growth
FORECASTING AND MONITORING FACIAL
GROWTH - MEW (AJO-DO AUG 1993 )
• Attractive eyes are associate with full cheek bones
and that flat cheeks provide less appeal .
• The development of maxilla may well play a role in
these variations.
• Chubby cheeks have special appeal.
• If the maxilla is small it leads to undesirable face, eye
looking exophthalmic with flat face.
AN ACCURATE METHOD OF PREDICTING MANDIBULAR GROWTH
POTENTIAL BASED ON BONE MATURITY (AJO DO 2001 )