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Contents
• School of retention
• Causes of relapse
• Theories of retention
• Types of retention
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Schools of retention
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Causes of relapse
• Bone adaptation
• Muscular forces
• Role of occlusion
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Theories of retention
• Theorem 1
• Theorem 2
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• Theorem 3
• Theorem 4
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• Theorem 5
• Theorem 6
• ‘If the lower incisors are placed upright over basal bone they
are more likely to remain in good alignment.’
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• Theorem 7
• Theorem 8
• ‘The farther the teeth have been moved, the lesser is the risk
of relapse’
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• Theorem 9
• Theorem 10
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Raleigh’s Six Keys of Retention
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• Key 4: All four lower incisors apices must be in the same
labiolingual plane.
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Types of retention
I. Natural or no retention.
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Retainers
1) It should retain all the teeth that have been moved into
desired position.
• Removable retainers
• Fixed retainers
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Hawley Retainer
23/02/2023 Hawley, C.A.: A removable retainer, Dent. Cosmos 61:449- 554, 1919. 17
Circumferential Retainer
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Wrap around retainer
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Clip-on Retainer/Spring aligner
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Ricketts Retainer
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The Van der Linden Retainer
23/02/2023 van der Linden FP. The Van der Linden retainer. JCO. 2003 May;37(5):260-7 22
Tooth Positioner
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Invisible Retainers
Sheridan JJ, Essix retainers: fabrication and supervision for permanent retention. J Clin Orthod. 1993
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Jan;27(1):37-45.
Bonded Fixed Retainers
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Preformed Bondable Retainers
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Central to central Lateral to lateral
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Special consideration in retention of certain
malocclusion.
• Class II malocclusion
• Relapse in treatment of class II conditions arises mainly
due to differential growth of the jaws and to minor extent
by the dental factors.
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• Guideline: The more severe the initial Class II problem and the
younger the patient at the end of active treatment, the more likely
that either headgear or a functional appliance will be needed as a
retainer.
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Class III malocclusion
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• Early treatment of severe class III cases that relapse
following active orthodontic therapy may require surgical
correction after growth ceases.
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Deep bite
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Open bite
• Reason:
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THANK YOU
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