15 November 2019

Construction Techniques
3-D PRINTING IN CONSTRUCTION

Submitted To: Submitted By:

Dr. M. V. N. Sivakumar Jitesh Kumar Aneja (191563)
Assistant Professor M. Tech CTM
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
NIT Warangal NIT Warangal
CONTENT
• Introduction
• How It Works?
• Principle & Process of 3-D Printing
• Methods of 3D Printing
• Literature Review
• 3D Printing in Construction
• Application of 3D Printing in Construction
• Future Scope of 3-D Printing in Construction
• Industrial Overview
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• References
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INTRODUCTION
3-D Printing
• 3D Printing is a form of manufacturing in which
components are fabricated in additive manner by
adding successive layers of materials together.
• 3D Printing is computer-controlled production
technique that build a product layer by layer
• It is also known as
• Rapid Prototyping
• Additive manufacturing

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 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
• Chuck Hull-Father of the 3D printing , Coined the term Stereo Lithography .
1986

• First Stereolithographic Apparatus is made by 3D systems

1992

• First 3D organ ,a bladder, is created with patient own cells

1999

• A miniature kidney is created that filter blood and dilute urine in an animal
2002
• Selective Laser Sintering machine is built and allows for mass customization in manufacturing parts
2006 • Introduction of Contour Crafting Technique.

• A prosthetic leg is created that requires no assembly(By use RERAP concept)

2008

• Printing of Bio vessel( innovative bio printing company,Organovo)

2009

• Printing 14K gold and Sterling silver as printable material

2011

• Different types of 3D printing process introduced in market

2012

• New Era of industrial Revolution-Big firms started acquiring start-ups.

2014

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LITERATURE REVIEW
The literature collected on this topic concerns a wide range of observations on this topic.
Overview of some of the literature on this matter.
• Jake Kidwell (2016) provides general insight on important topics concerning 3D printing in
construction. First, his research discusses the ongoing applications of 3D printing in civil .
• some researchers and industry have created real experiments with 3Dprinters and have
provided their results as well.
• Literature focuses mainly on the 3D printing technology in terms of high-resolution mesh,
material use optimization, and analysis of cement behaviour in 3D printers
• In fact, there are a total of 3998 publications on 3D printing in over 100 different fields, so the
ratio of civil engineering publications to total available publications is only0.55%, compared to
18,1% for Materials Science Multidisciplinary. This should hopefully encourage more research
on 3D printing in the civil engineering field .

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HOW IT WORKS?
• General Principle of Working of 3D printing
Design, Modeling Printing of
Material
Material and Simulation Product in
Processing and Finishing
Development using CAD Additive fashion
layering
software and Final Product

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METHODS OF 3D PRINTING

FIG.2. STEREO LITHOGRAPHY FIG.3. SELECTIVE LASER SENTERING

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METHODS OF 3D PRINTING (contd..)

FIG.3. FUSED DEPOSITION MODELLING FIG.4. INKJET 3D PRINTER

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3D PRINTING IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
CONTOUR CRAFTING
• Contour crafting, which is an
additive fabrication technology
that uses computer control to
exploit the superior surface-
forming capability of towelling to
create smooth and accurate planar
and freeform surfaces.
• A complete contour crafting
system includes
• Gantry system
• Nozzle.
FIG.5. CONTOUR CRAFTING
• Trowels
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CONTD..

*Peng Wu ,JunWang,XiangyuWang(2016):A critical review of the use of 3-D printing in the

construction industry
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APPLICATION OF CONTOUR CRAFTING
• AUTOMATED REINFORCEMENT
• Robotic modular embedding of steel mesh
reinforcement into each layer may be devised.
• The three simple modular components may be delivered
by an automated feeding system that deposits and
assembles them between the two rims of each layer of
walls built by Contour Crafting. Fig.6.Reinforcement Insertion

• AUTOMATED TILING OF FLOORS AND WALLS

• Automated tiling can be integrated by robotically delivering and
spreading the material for adhesion of tiles to floor or walls.
• Another arm can then pick the tiles from a sack and place it over
the area treated with the adhesive material.
Fig.7. Tiling of Floor
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CONTD..
• PLUMBING ELECTRICAL AND WIRING
• Contour Crafting based construction system has the
potential to build utility conduits within the wall.
• The automated construction of plumbing and electrical
works are possible.

Fig.8. Plumbing and Electrical conduit

• DESIGN FLEXIBILITY
The process allows architects to design structures with
functional and exotic architect geometries that are
difficult to realize using the current manual construction
practice

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FUTURE SCOPE IN CONTOUR CRAFTING

LOW COST HOUSING Mobile Contour Crafting SPACE APPLICATION

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 INDUSTRIAL OVERVIEW

CC Corp’s technologies,USA Apis Cor, Russia Tvasta,India

WinSun, China WASP, Italy WAAM, United Kingdom

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PROS. AND CONS. OF 3D PRINTING IN
CONSTRUCTION
PROS.
• Lower costs for customized design.
• Construction will be faster and more accurate.
The only errors will be due to materials or poor
design.
• Less waste will be generated. Any unused
construction components can be recycled.
• Health and safety risks are reduced because
many of the dangerous parts of the construction
process will be eliminated.
• It is environmentally friendly. Recycled products
can be used to produce construction materials
for the printer.
• 3D printing can be used to create lower cost
housing or to create designs not possible with
traditional construction.
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• Great useful in case of disaster Shelter
CONS.
• There will be less demand for labour, impacting
builders.
• Producers of conventional manufacturing
products will also see a drop in demand, as will
those who rent construction equipment.
• Currently, the types of materials available for use
in these printers are rather limited. In addition,
many printers may be limited to a single type of
material.
• Transporting printers to and from site could be
problematic as could safe onsite printer storage.
• Construction risks may be higher because any
errors in the digital model could result in
problems onsite that will need special handling
or rework.
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CONCLUSION
• 3-D printing is a promising technology that can be used by the construction
industry to achieve economic, environmental, and other benefits.
• The use of 3-D printing in the construction industry is highly dependent on the
accuracy of the printing, the availability of printing materials, the cost of the
printing process, and printing time.
• Benefits such as reduced waste, design flexibility, and reduced manpower have
been recorded.
• However, the use of 3-D printing is also subject to a few prerequisite, As the use
of 3-D printing in the construction industry is still in its early stage, the life cycle
performance of the printed projects remains unclear.
• Categorization and the degree of customisation have yet been empirically
examined in the construction industry. By addressing these challenges, 3-D
printing can reach its maximum potential in the construction industry.
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REFRENCES
• Isaac Perkins & Martin Skitmore (2015) Three-dimensional printing in the construction
industry: A review, International Journal of Construction Management.
• Freek Bos, Rob Wolfs, Zeeshan Ahmed & Theo Salet (2016) Additive manufacturing of
concrete in construction: potentials and challenges of 3D concrete printing, Virtual and
Physical Prototyping.
• Peng Wu ,JunWang,XiangyuWang(2016):A critical review of the use of 3-D printing in the
construction industry
• Mehmet Sakin, Yusuf Caner Kiroglu (2017):3D Printing of Buildings: Construction of the
Sustainable Houses of the Future by BIM
• https://www.thebalancesmb.com/3d-printing-construction-industry-845342
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCzS2FZoB-I
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8z-iebHRxJk
• http://civilenggseminar.blogspot.com/2016/06/contour-crafting.html
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