NEED FOR REACTIVE

POWER COMPENSATION
PRESENTED BY RITIK VASHISTH(1703221085)
ELECTRICAL &ELECTRONICS DEPARTMENT 3rd YEAR
ABES ENGINEERING COLLEGE,GHAZIABAD
 CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• REACTIVE POWER
• NEED FOR REACTIVE POWER
• NEED FOR REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION
• METHODS OF REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES
 INTRODUCTION
• Reactive power(VAR) compensation is defined as the management of
reactive power to improve the performance of ac systems . There are two
aspects:-
a)Load compensation-The main objectives are to:-
I)increase the power factor of the system
ii)to balance the real power drawn from the system
iii)compensate voltage regulation
iv)to eliminate current harmonics.
b)Voltage support- The main purpose is to decrease the voltage fluctuation
at given terminal of transmission line.
Therefore the VAR compensation improves the stability of ac system by
increasing the maximum active power that can be transmitted.
WHAT IS REACTIVE POWER?
• Power is referred as the product of voltage and current
i.e. power= V*I
Reactive power is the resultant power in watts of an AC circuit when
the current waveform is out of phase with the waveform of voltage ,
usually by 90 degrees if the load is purely reactive and is result of
either capacitive or inductive loads.
POWER TRIANGLE
• Power factor=cos (phi)=realpower/apparent power
=kW/kVA
• Whenever there is a phase shift between V and I we have:-
a)Real power(kW)
b)Reactive power
c)The combination is a complex or apparent power(kVA)=((kW)^2
+(kVAR)^2)^0.5
Why do we need reactive power?
• In resistive loads the current produces the heat energy which
produces the desired output but incase of inductive loads the current
creates the magnetic field which further produces the desired work
.Therefore reactive power is the non working power caused by the
magnetic current to operate and sustain magnetism in device.\
• Reactive power (VARS) is required to maintain the voltage to deliver
action power through transmission lines .When there is not enough
reactive power the voltage sags down and it is not possible to deliver
the required power to load through the lines .
 NEED FOR REACTIVE POWER
COMPENSATION
• Reactive power generated by the ac power source is stored in
capacitor or a reactor during the quarter of a cycle and in next
quarter cycle it is sent back to power source . Therefore the reactive
power oscillates between ac source and capacitor or reactor at a
frequency equals to two times the rated value (50 or 60 Hz) .So to
avoid the circulation between the load and source it need to be
compensated.
• Also to regulate the power factor of the system and maintain the
voltage stability we need to compensate reactive power.
METHODS OF RACTI VE POWER
COMPENSATION
• SHUNT COMPENSATION
• SERIES COMPENSATION
• SYNCHRONOUS CONDENSERS
• STATIC VAR COMPENSATORS
• STATIC COMPENSATORS
SHUNT COMPENSATION
• The device that is connected in parallel with the transmission line is
called the shunt compensator . A shunt compensator is always
connected in middle of transmission line . It can be provided by either
a current source , voltage source or a compensator .
Transmission line with shunt
compensation
SERIES COMPENSATION
• When a device is connected in series with the transmission line its
called a series compensator .A series compensator can be connected
anywhere in the line .
Transmission line with series
compensation
STATIC VAR COMPENSATORS
• It is an electrical device for providing reactive power on transmission
networks .The term ‘static’ refers to the fact that SVC has no moving
parts .
• Under inductive(lagging) conditions , the capacitor banks are
automatically switched in , thus providing a higher system voltage.
ADVANTAGES
• STATIC VAR COMPENSATION IS NOT DONE AT LINE VOLTAGE.
• THEY ARE MORE RELIABLE.
• FASTER IN OPERATION.
• SMOOTHER CONTROL AND MORE FLEXIBILITY CAN BE PROVIDED
WITH THE HELP OF THYRISTORS.
SYNCHRONOUS CONDENSOR
• A device whose main function is the improvement of pf of the electric
system is known as synchronous condenser. It is installed at the
receiving end of the line.
• When a synchronous condenser is introduced its supplies the kVAR to
the system , and hence the current is reduced.
• Therefore the losses are reduced and provided a better efficiency.
Hence more power can be delivered to the load and improves the pf
of system
 CONCLUSION
• FROM ALL THE PREVIOUS DISCUSSION WE CAN CONCLUDE REACTIVE
POWER COMPENSATION IS A MUST FOR IMPROVING THE
PERFORMANCE OF THE AC SYSTEM. BY REACTIVE POWER
COMPENSATION WE CAN CONTROL THE POWER FACTOR AND
REDUCES THE CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRICITY.
REFERENCES:-
• Google
• Encyclopedia
• Wikipedia
• Google book
ANY QUERIES??
THANK YOU