Module 4 DC Motor Generator

0.1.
Module 4
0.1 Module 4
DC Generator: Principle of operation, Construction D.C. Generator, Expression of induced emf, Types
of DC Generators, Relation between induced emf and terminal voltage.
DC motors: Principle of operation, back Emf, torque equation, Types of D.C. motors (shunt and series
motors only), and applications.
0.2 DC Generator
0.2.1 Working principle of DC Generator Yoke:

Working principle of D.C.generator as a motor: . Yoke serves as a outermost cover (frame) of the D.
Whenever a current coil is placed under a magnetic C. Generator. The functions of Yoke are:
field the coil experiences a mechanical force, and is
given by F= B*I*l*Sin. Newton/coil side where, I is • It provides mechanical support to the poles.
the current through the coil. . Applying Fleming’s
left hand rule, we note torque Te will be produced • It protect atmospheric harmful effects.
in the counter clockwise direction causing the rotor
• It provides a path of low reluctance for
to move in the same direction.
magnetic flux.
0.2.2 Construction of DC Generator Poles:

The detailed construction of DC generator is as Poles are used to produce a magnetic flux. These
shown in Figure1. DC generator mainly consists poles are fixed to yoke. Each pole is divided into
of stationary part and rotating part. The constant two parts.
magnetic field is created by stationary part and
converging mechanical energy into electrical energy • Pole core.
is done by rotating part.
• Pole shoe.
The functions of Poles are:
• Pole core carries a field winding to produce the

flux.
• Pole shoe enlarges the area of armature core to

come across the flux to produce larger induced
emf.
• It provides a path of low reluctance for

magnetic flux.
Field coils:
Figure 1
The field winding is wound on the pole core to act
The parts of a D.C. generator are:
as an electromagnet, to produce necessary magnetic
• Yoke flux.
• Field poles Armature:

• Armature Armature is made up of two parts, those are
• Commutator • Armature core.
• Brushes • Armature winding.
Dr. Manjunatha P Prof., Dept of ECE, JNN College of Engg Shimoga manjup.jnnce@gmail.com 1
0.2. DC Generator
The detailed diagram of the armature is as shown 0.2.3 E.M.F. Equation

in Figure 2. The armature core is cylindrical in
Consider
shape mounted on the metal shaft. It consists of
slots on its periphery to accommodate the armature φ = f lux/pole weber
winding. When the armature start rotating it cuts
P = N o. of generator poles
the magnetic flux and emf is is generated.
N = speed of the armaturer(rpm)
A = N umber of parallel paths
The flux cut by conductor in one revolution is
φP = dφ
60
T ime f or one revolution is =
N
60
T ime f or one revolution is =
N
The induced emf of in one conductor is
dφ φP
= =
dt 60/N
φP N 60
= T ime f or one revolution is =
60 N
Induced emf per parallel path
= induced emf / conductor × N o. of conductor/path

φP N Z φZP N
= × =
60 A 60A
For wave winding generator A = 2
Figure 2: Armature
(Ref:https://www.elprocus.com/)
φZP N
E=
120
0.2.4 Types of DC Generators:

Commutator:
Generators are classified based on the field winding
excited. In general classified into two groups.
Commutator helps to collect the generated emf from
the conductors and connect it to the load. The 1. Separately Excited DC Generators:
generated Emf induced in the armature conductors
is alternating. Commutator also helps to convert 2. Self Excited Field DC Generators:
generated ac alternating emf to it to DC voltage
(rectification). Separately Excited DC Generators:
The separately excited dc generator is excited by
a separate DC voltage source. When the current
start flowing though field winding, which will creates
Brushes: magnetic flux. When the armature start moving
it will cut the magnetic flux which will induce an
The Brushes made of carbon which are placed on the EMF. When an external load is connected across
commutator pressed by springs. Through brushes the generator then the current IL start flowing in
current is collected from commutator and connected the load. The detailed diagram of generator is as
to the external load. shown in Figure 3.
0.2. DC Generator
Ia
I L =Ia
current flowing in the load and field winding are
Ra same. The detailed diagram of shunt generator is
DC as shown in Figure 5.
Voltage G E V Load
Vf
Ia Rs
IL
Figure 3 Ra
Self Excited DC Generators: G E V Load
In this type of generator the magnetic field is

produced by itself without external DC source. The
emf produced by the generator is supplied to a field
winding.
Self Excited DC Generators are classified as: Figure 5
1. DC Shunt generator
Compound generator:
2. DC Series generator
Compound generator consists of shunt and series
3. DC Compound generator. field winding for exciting DC generator. To carry
the load, series field winding is made up of a few
DC Shunt generator heavy turns of wire. The shunt field has many turns
of fine wire and caries of a small current.
In this type of generator, shunt field winding is There are two types of Compound generators
connected across the armature winding which are which are
in parallel. The detailed diagram of shunt generator
is as shown in Figure 4. 1. Long shunt Compound Generator
Ia 2. Short Shunt Compound Generator
IL
Ish
Ra
Long shunt Compound Generator
G E Rsh V Load
Ia Rs
IL
Ish
Ra
Figure 4 G E Rsh V Load
DC Series generator
In this type of generator, field winding is connected
in series with the armature winding. The field
winding is directly connected to the load, hence the Figure 6
0.3. Problems on DC Generator
0.3 Problems on DC Generator
Model paper 1 8 c) A 4 pole lap wound DC shunt

generator delivers 200 A at terminal voltage of 250
Eg = V + Ia Ra = 300 + 103 × 0.05
V. It has a field and armature resistance of 50 Ω
and 0.05 Ω respectively. Neglecting brush drop = 305.15V
determine i) armature current ii) current per parallel
power delivered
path iii) EMF generated iv) power delivered.
Solution: = Eg Ia = 305.15 × 103
i) armature current = 31.43kW
V 250
Ish = = Model paper 3 8 c) A 4 pole generator with
Rsh 50
wave wound armature has 51 slots each having 24
= 5A
conductors rotate to give an induced emf of 220 V.
What will be the voltage developed if the winding is
Ia = IL + Ish = 200 + 5 lap and the armature rotates at the same speed
= 205A Solution:
ii) current per parallel path

φZN P
Eg = ×
Ia 205 60 A
= = 0.01 × 51 × 24 × N 4
4 4 220 = ×
= 51.25A 60 2
N = 539.2156rpm
iii) EMF generated
Voltage developed with lap wound
Eg = V + Ia Ra = 250 + 205 × 0.05 φZN P
Eg = ×
= 260.25V 60 A
0.01 × 51 × 24 × 539.215 4
iv) power delivered = ×
60 4
= 110V
= Eg Ia = 260.25 × 205
= 53.35kW
2020 Jan 7 c) A shunt wound DC generator delivers
496 A at 440 V to load. The resistance of the shunt
Model paper 2 8 c) A 30 kW 300 V DC shunt field coil is 110 Ω and that of armature winding is
generator has a armature and field resistance of 0.02 ohm. Calculate the emf induced in the coil
0.05 Ω and 100 Ω respectively. Calculate the power armature.
delivered by the armature when it delivers full Solution:
output power.
Solution:
E = V − Ia Ra
= 440 − 496 × 0.02
P 30 × 103 = 440 − 9.92
IL = =
V 300
= 430.08V
= 100A
Load at which the maximum efficiency is
V 300 Ia = IL + Ish
Ish = =
Rsh 100 r
400
= 3A = 50
600
2019 June 7 b ) A 4 pole 230 V DC series wave

Ia = IL + Ish = 100 + 3
connected armature with 1254 conductors with
= 103A flux/pole of 22 mWb, takes 50A for motoring. The
armature and series filed coil resistances are 0.3Ω

and 0.2Ω respectively. Calculate the speed and φZN P
torque developed in Watts. E = ×
60 A
Solution: E60 A
φ =
i) For lap wound connection. The emf generated in ZN P
the armature is 250 × 60 × 4
=
624 × 1200 × 4
E = V + Ia (Ra + Rsc ) = 0.02wb
= 230 + 50(0.3 + 0.2)
2019 Jan 8 c ) A shunt generator running at 500
= 255V
rpm delivers 50 kW at 200 V. The armature and
field resistances are 0.02 Ω and 40 Ω respectively.
φZN P Calculate generated emf if brush drop of 1 V per
E = ×
60 A brush.
22 × 10−3 × 1254 × N 4 Solution:
255 = ×
60 2
N = 277rpm
V 200
Ish = =
Rsh 40
P
Ta = 0.159 × φIa Z × = 5A
A P 50 × 103
4 IL = =
= 0.159 × 22 × 10−3 × 50 × 1254 × V 200
2
= 250A
= 438.6N m
Ia = IL + Ish = 250 + 5
= 255A
2019 June 8 b ) A shunt generator has 4 pole
with lap wound armature having 24 slots with 10 E = V + Ia Ra + Brush drop
conductors/slot. If the flux/pole is 0.04 Wb and the = 200 + 255 × 0.02 + 2
speed is 1500 rpm, calculate the emf generated in
= 207.1V
the armature. What would be generated emf if the
winding is wave connected?
Solution:
i) For lap wound connection. The emf generated in 2019 Jan 4 c (17 scheme) ) A 4 pole DC shunt
the armature is generator with lap connected armature has field and
armature resistances are 50 Ω and 0.1 Ω respectively.
φZN P If the generator supplies sixty 100 V 40 W lamps
E =
60A calculate the total armature current, the current in
0.04 × (24 × 10) × 1500 × 4 each armature conductor and the generated EMF.
=
60 × 4 Take 1 V per brush as contact drop.
= 240 Solution:
ii) For wave wound connection. The emf generated Power delivered is
in the armature is P =60 × 40
φZN P = 2400W
E =
120
0.04 × (24 × 10) × 1500 × 4
=
120 V 100
= 480 Ish = =
Rsh 50
= 2A
2019 Jan 7 b ) A 4 pole armature of dc generator has P 2400
IL = =
624 lap connected conductors and is driven at 1200 V 100
rpm. Calculate the useful flux per pole required to = 24A
generate an emf of 250 V. Ia = IL + Ish = 24 + 2
Solution: = 26A
Current in each conductor is When wave connected

Ia 26 φZN P
= Eg =
A 4 120
= 6.5A 120 × Eg
N =
φZP
Eg = V + Ia Ra + Brush drop 120 × 541.67
N =
0.065 × 500 × 8
= 100 + 26 × 0.1 + 2
= 250 rpm
= 104.6V
2018 Dec 4 c (15 scheme) ) An 8 pole lap connected
2019 Dec 4 b (17 scheme) ) An 8 pole lap connected armature has 40 slots with 12 conductors per slot,
armature has 960 conductors, a flux of 40 mWb per generate a voltage of 500 V. Determine the speed at
pole and a speed of 400 rpm. Calculate the emf which it is running if the flux pole is 50 mWb.
generated. If the armature were wave connected at Solution:
what speed must it be driven to generate 400 V.
When lap connected:
Solution:
φZN P
φZN P Eg =
Eg = × 60A
60 A 60 × A × Eg
40 × 10−3 × 960 × 400 8 N =
= × φZP
60 8 60 × 8 × 500
= 256 =
50 × 10−3 × 40 × 12 × 8
= 1250 rpm
When wave connected
φZN P
Eg = 2019 Dec 4 c (15 scheme) ) A 4 pole 1500 rpm
120
120 × Eg DC generator has lap wound armature having 24
N = slots with 10 conductors per slot. If the flux per
φZP
pole is 0.04 wb. Calculate the emf generated in the
120 × 256
N = armature. What would be the generated emf if the
40 × 10−3 × 960 × 8
winding is wave connected.
= 100 rpm
Solution:
2019 Dec 4 b (17 scheme) ) An 8 pole DC generator When lap connected:
has 500 armature conductors, and useful flux/ple of
φZN P
0.065Wb. What will be the emf generated if it is lap Eg =
connected and runs at 1000 rpm. At what speed it 60A
0.04 × 24 × 10 × 1500 × 4
must be driven to produce the same emf if it is wave =
60 × 4
connected.
= 240V
Solution:
When lap connected: When wave connected
φZN P φZN P
Eg = Eg =
60A 120
0.065 × 500 × 1000 × 8 0.04 × 24 × 10 × 1500 × 4
= =
60 × 8 60 × 2
= 541.67 = 480V
0.4. Module 4
0.4 Module 4
0.5 DC Motors
0.5.1 Working principle of DC Motor DC Series motor:

When the a current carrying coil is placed in a In series motor the field winding is connected in
magnetic field, the coil experiences a mechanical series with armature. The current supplied by
force. The force exerted on the conductor is supply voltage V is IL . The same current flows
expressed as through the shunt field winding Ise and also its same
as armature current Ia . The detailed diagram of DC
F = BIlSinθ series motor is as shown in Figure 8.
where, IL
I is the current through the coil Rs Ia

B is magnitude of flux density W b/m2 Ra
l is the length of the conductor Supply
θ is the angle with respect to the direction of the

Voltage
V
M Load
magnetic field
0.5.2 Types of DC Motors:

Figure 8: DC series motor
DC Motors are classified based on the field winding
excited. In general classified into two groups.
Ia = IL = Is
1. DC Shunt motor
2. DC Series motor. V = Eb + Ia (Ra + Rs ) + B.C.D + A.R.D
DC Shunt motor: where B.C.D is brush contact drop and A.R.D

Armature reaction drop
In this motor the field winding is connected in
parallel with armature. The total current supplied
0.5.3 Torque Equation
by supply voltage V is IL . The current through the
shunt field winding is Ish and Ia is the armature Consider
current. The detailed diagram of DC Shunt motor
is as shown in Figure 7.
I
V = Eb + Ia Ra
L
+ Multiply both side by Ia

Ish Ia
Ra
Supply V Ia = Eb Ia + Ia2 Ra
Rsh
Voltage M Load
V where Ia2 Ra is the power loss in the armature.
where Eb Ia is the mechanical power developed in
- armature
Let T be the torque in Nw-m ω the angular
Figure 7: DC Shunt motor velocity in radian per second, then
ωT = Eb Ia
V Eb Ia
Ish = T =
Rsh ω
The back emf is represented as
Ia = IL − Ish
φZN P
V = Eb + Ia Ra + B.C.D + A.R.D Eb =
60A
where B.C.D is brush contact drop and A.R.D 2πP N
ω=
Armature reaction drop 60
0.5. DC Motors
Remaining P, Z, A are constant, and also for

DC shunt motor φ is constant.
φZN P
Eb Ia 60A Ia
T = = 2πP N
ω 60 Eb = V − Ia Ra
1 P ZφIa N ∝ V − Ia Ra
=
2π A
From the above equation as armature current
Ia increases the voltage drop Ia Ra increases
Characteristics of DC Motors: and the speed decreases.
The important characteristic of DC Motors are
Speed N rpm
1. Torque Vs Armature current characteristic
(Ta/Ia)
2. Speed Vs Armature current characteristic

(N/Ia)
3. Speed Vs Torque characteristic (N/Ta)
DC Shunt Motor Characteristics: Ta In N-m
1. Torque Vs Armature current character- Figure 10: DC series motor

istic (Ta/Ia)
In a DC Motor T is 3. Speed Vs Torque characteristic (N/Ta)
In a DC Motor T is
1 P ZφIa
T =
2π A 1 P ZφIa
T ∝ Ia T =
2π A
T ∝ Ia
Remaining P, Z, A φ are constant. From the
above equation Torque T is proportional to
Remaining P, Z, A φ are constant. From the
armature current Ia .
above equation Torque T is proportional to
armature current Ia .
Torque T in N m
Ta
φZN P
Eb =
Tsh 60A
Eb
N∝
φ

Ia in amperes DC shunt motor φ is constant.
Figure 9: DC series motor Eb = V − Ia Ra

N ∝ V − Ia Ra
(N/Ia) From the above equation as armature current
In a DC Motor Eb is Ia increases the voltage drop Ia Ra increases
and the speed decreases.
φZN P
Eb =
60A
Eb
N∝
φ N ∝T
0.5. DC Motors

DC shunt motor φ is constant.
Speed N rpm
Eb = V − Ia (Ra + Rse )
V − Ia (Ra + Rse )
N∝
φ
Ta In N-m 1
N∝
φ
Figure 11: DC series motor
and
DC Series Motor Characteristics:
φ ∝ Ia
1. Torque Vs Armature current character-
istic (Ta/Ia) Hence
In a DC Motor T is 1
1 P ZφIa N∝
T = Ia
2π A
T ∝ φIa From the above equation it is observed that
speed N is inversely proportional to armature
Remaining P, Z, A φ are constant.
current Ia .
φ ∝ Ia
Speed N rpm
T ∝ Ia2
After saturation the flux get constant and
hence
T ∝ Ia
Hence the curve is parabola is upto saturation
point.
Ta In N-m
Torque T in N m
Ta Figure 13: DC series motor
3. Speed Vs Torque characteristic (N/Ta)

In a DC Motor T is
1 P ZφIa
T =
2π A
T ∝ φIa
Ia in amperes
Remaining P, Z, A are constant.
Figure 12: DC series motor Flux φ is proportional to armature current Ia .
Hence
(N/Ia) T ∝ Ia2
In a DC Motor Eb is
or
φZN P
Eb = √
60A Ia ∝ T
Eb
N∝
φ or
0.5. DC Motors
Speed N rpm
Ta In N-m
1
N∝√
T Figure 14: DC series motor
0.6. Problems on DC Motor
0.6 Problems on DC Motor
The field current in shunt DC machine is 2A and A shunt DC machine connected to 250 V supply,
the line current is 20A at 200 V. Calculate the (i) has an armature resistance of 0.02 Ω and the field
generated emf when working as generator (ii) torque resistance of 100 Ω. Find the ratio of the speed of
i N-m when running at 1500 rpm as motor. Take the the machine as a generator to the speed as a motor,
armature resistance as 0.5 Ω. the line current in each case being 80 A.
Solution: Solution:
Armature current Shunt current
V 250
Ia = IL + Ish = 20 + 2 = 22A Ish = = = 2.5A
Rsh 100
Armature current
Eg = V + Ia Ra
= 200 + 822 × 0.5 Ia = IL + Ish = 80 + 2.5 = 82.5A
= 211V
Eg = V + Ia Ra
Ia =22A I L =20A = 250 + 82.5 × 0.12
Ish =2A
Ra = 259.9V
G E V Load
Ia =205A I L =200A
R sh Ish =5A
Ra
G E V Load
Figure 15
As a motor R sh =50
Armature current
Ia = IL − Ish = 20 − 2 = 18A Figure 17

As a motor
Shunt current
Eb = V − Ia Ra
V 250
= 200 − 18 × 0.5 Ish = = = 2.5A
Rsh 100
= 191V
Armature current
I L =20A
+ Ia = IL − Ish = 80 − 2.5 = 77.5A
Ish =2A Ia =18A
Ra Eb = V − Ia Ra
200 V R sh M = 250 − 77.5 × 0.12
= 240.7V
I L =200A
- +
Ish =5A Ia =195A
Figure 16 R a =0.02
250 V R sh =50 M
1 Eb Ia
T =
2π N/60
1 191 × 18 -
=
2π 1500/60
= 21.9 N − m Figure 18
I L =200A
+
Ng Eg Ish =5A Ia =195A
=
Nm Em R a =0.02
259.9
= 250 V R sh =50 M
240.7
= 1.08
-
3 c) A shunt generator delivers 50 kW at 250 V and
runs at 400 rpm. The armature and field resistances Figure 20
are 0.02 Ω and 50 Ω respectively. Calculate the
speed of the machine running as a shunt motor and
taking 50 kW input at 250 V. Allow 1 V per brush Ng Eg
=
for contact drop. Nm Em
Solution: Em 244.1
Nm = Ng = × 400
Eg 256.1
= 381.26 rpm
P 50 × 103
IL = = = 200A
V 250
2015-Jan 4 c) A 4 pole DC shunt motor takes 22
Shunt current
A from 220 V supply. The armature and field
V 250 resistances are 0.5 Ω and 100 Ω respectively. The
Ish = = = 5A
Rsh 50 armature is lap connected with 200 conductors. If
Armature current the flux per pole 20 mWb, Calculate the speed and
gross torque.
Ia = IL + Ish = 200 + 5 = 205A
Solution:
I L =22A
Eg = V + Ia Ra + drops +
Ish =2.2A Ia =19.8A
= 250 + 205 × 0.02 + 2 × 1
= 256.1V R a =0.5
200 V R sh =100 M
Ia =205A I L =200A
Ish =5A
Ra
-
G E V Load
Figure 21
R sh =50
Shunt current
V 220
Figure 19 Ish = = = 2.2A
Rsh 100
As a motor
Armature current
P 50 × 103
IL = = = 200A Ia = IL − Ish = 22 − 2.2 = 19.8A
V 250
Shunt current
V 250 Eb = V − Ia Ra = 220 − 19.8 × 0.5 = 210.1V
Ish = = = 5A
Rsh 50
Armature current
φZN P
Eb =
Ia = IL − Ish = 200 − 5 = 195A 60A
Eb 60A
N =
Eb = V − Ia Ra φZP
210.1 × 60 × 4
= 250 − 195 × 0.02 − 2 × 1 =
20 × 10−3 × 300 × 4
= 244.1V = 525.25 rpm
1 φZP Ia Solution:
T =
2π A i) voltage at the brushes
1 20 × 10−3 × 300 × 19.8 × 4
= = V − I(Ra )
2π 4
= 18.89 N − m = 220 − 40(0.25)
= 210V
2015-Jan 4 c) A 200 V lap wound DC shunt motor ii) back emf
has 800 conductors on its armature. The resistance
of the armature winding is 0.5 Ω and that of field Eb = V − I(Ra + Rs )
winding is 200 Ω. The motor takes a current of 21 = 220 − 40(0.25 + 0.5)
A, the flux per pole is 30 mWb. Find the speed and = 190V
torque developed in the motor.
Solution: iii) power wasted in armature
I L =21A = I 2 × Ra
+
Ish =1A Ia =20A = 402 × 0.5
Ra = 800W
200 V R sh =200 M Load iv) power wasted in field.
= I 2 × Ra
= 402 × 0.25
-
= 400W
Figure 22
Shunt current 2020 Jan 8 b) A 6 pole lap connected DC series
V 200 motor with 864 conductors, takes a current of
Ish = = = 1A 110 A at 480V. The armature resistance and field
Rsh 200
resistance are 0.18 Ω and 0.02 Ω respectively. The
Armature current flux per pole is 50 mwb. Calculate: i) The speed ii)
The gross torque.
Ia = IL − Ish = 21 − 1 = 20A
Solution:
0.02 
IL
Eb = V − Ia Ra = 200 − 20 × 0.5 = 190V
Rs Ia
φZN P
Eb = 480 V
0.18  M
60A
Eb 60A
N =
φZP
190 × 60 × 4
=
30 × 10−3 × 800 × 4 Figure 23
= 475rpm
Eb = V − Ia (Ra + Rs )
1 φZP Ia
T = = 480 − 110(0.18 + 0.02)
2π A
1 30 × 10−3 × 800 × 20 × 4 = 458V
=
2π 4
= 76.32 N − m
φZN P
Eb =
60A
A 220 V series motor is taking a current of 40 Eb 60A
N =
amperes. The resistance of armature is 0.5 Ω and φZP
resistance of series field is 0.25 Ω. Calculate: i) 458 × 60 × 6
=
voltage at the brushes ii) back emf iii) power wasted 50 × 10−3 × 864 × 6
in armature iv) power wasted in field. = 636 rpm
φZN P
Eb =
60A
P = Eb Ia = 458 × 110 Eb 60A
N =
= 50380 W φZP
426 × 60 × 4
=
0.023 × 888 × 4
1 P ZφIa
T = = 1251.46 rpm
2π A
1 6 × 864 × 50 × 10−3 × 110
=
2π 6 2019 June 7 b ) A 4 pole 230 V DC series wave
= 7560.3 N − m connected armature with 1254 conductors, with flux
per pole of 22 mWb, takes 50 A for motoring. The
armature and series field coil resistances are 0.3 Ω
2019 June 7 b ) A 4 pole 230 V DC series wave and 0.2 Ω respectively. Calculate the speed and
connected armature with 1254 conductors with torque developed in watts.
flux/pole of 22 mWb, takes 50A for motoring. The
Solution:
armature and series filed coil resistances are 0.3Ω
and 0.2Ω respectively. Calculate the speed and
torque developed in Watts.
Solution: Eb = V − Ia (Ra + Rs )
i) For lap wound connection. The emf generated in = 230 − 50(0.3 + 0.2)
the armature is = 205V
E = V + Ia (Ra + Rsc )
= 230 + 50(0.3 + 0.2)
= 255V
φZN P
Eb =
φZN P 60A
E = Eb 60A
60A N =
E60A φZP
N = 205 × 60 × 2
φZN P 60A =
E60A 22 × 10−3 × 1254 × 4
= = 223 rpm
φZN P 60A
22 × 10−3 × 1254 × N 4
255 = ×
60 2
N = 277rpm
1 P ZφIa
T =
P 2π A
Ta = 0.159 × φIa Z ×
A 1 4 × 1254 × 50 × 10−3 × 50
4 =
= 0.159 × 22 × 10−3 × 50 × 1254 × 2π 2
2 = 997.9 N − m
= 438.6N m
2019 Jan 4 b (17 scheme) ) A 4 pole DC shunt motor

2019 Jan 7 c ) A four pole motor is fed at 440 V and takes 22A from 220 supply. The armature and field
takes an armature current of 50 A. The resistance resistances are 0.5Ω and 100 Ω respectively. The
of the armature circuit is 0.28 Ω. The armature armature is lap connected with 300 conductors. If
winding is wave connected with 888 conductors and the flux per pole is 20 mWb. Calculate i) speed ii)
useful flux per poer is 0.023 wb. Calculate the back Torque
emf and speed. Solution:
Solution:
Eb = V − Ia (Ra + Rs ) Eb = V − Ia (Ra )
= 440 − 50(0.28) = 220 − 22(0.5)
= 426V = 209V
When wave connected

φZN P
Eb =
60A φZN P
Eb 60A Eg =
N = 120
φZP 120 × Eg
N =
209 × 60 × 4 φZP
=
20 × 10−3 × 300 × 4 120 × 541.67
= 2090 rpm N =
0.065 × 500 × 8
= 250 rpm
1 P ZφIa
T =
2π A 2018 Dec 4 c (15 scheme) ) An 8 pole lap connected
1 4 × 300 × 20 × 10−3 × 22 armature has 40 slots with 12 conductors per slot,
=
2π 4 generate a voltage of 500 V. Determine the speed at
= 21 N − m which it is running if the flux pole is 50 mWb.
2019 June 4 b (17 scheme) ) A 4 pole 220 V lap Solution:
connected DC shunt motor has 36 slot, each slot When lap connected:
containing 16 conductors. If draws a current of 40
A from supply. The armature and field resistances
are 0.5Ω and 100 Ω respectively. The armature is
φZN P
with 300 conductors. If the flux per pole is 20 mWb. Eg =
Calculate i) speed ii) Torque 60A
60 × A × Eg
Solution: N =
φZP
60 × 8 × 500
φZN P =
Eg = × 50 × 10−3 × 40 × 12 × 8
60 A = 1250 rpm
40 × 10−3 × 960 × 400 8
= ×
60 8
= 256 2019 Dec 4 c (15 scheme) ) A 4 pole 1500 rpm
When wave connected DC generator has lap wound armature having 24
φZN P slots with 10 conductors per slot. If the flux per
Eg = pole is 0.04 wb. Calculate the emf generated in the
120
120 × Eg armature. What would be the generated emf if the
N = winding is wave connected.
φZP
120 × 256 Solution:
N =
40 × 10−3 × 960 × 8
When lap connected:
= 100 rpm
2019 Dec 4 b (17 scheme) ) An 8 pole DC generator φZN P

Eg =
has 500 armature conductors, and useful flux/ple of 60A
0.065Wb. What will be the emf generated if it is lap 0.04 × 24 × 10 × 1500 × 4
=
connected and runs at 1000 rpm. At what speed it 60 × 4
must be driven to produce the same emf if it is wave = 240V
connected.
Solution: When wave connected
When lap connected:
φZN P φZN P
Eg = Eg =
60A 120
0.065 × 500 × 1000 × 8 0.04 × 24 × 10 × 1500 × 4
= =
60 × 8 60 × 2
= 541.67 = 480V

Module 4 DC Motor Generator

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Module 4 DC Motor Generator

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0.1.

0.2.1 Working principle of DC Generator Yoke:

0.2.2 Construction of DC Generator Poles:

The functions of Poles are:

• Pole core carries a field winding to produce the

• Pole shoe enlarges the area of armature core to

• It provides a path of low reluctance for

• Field poles Armature:

• Commutator • Armature core.

• Brushes • Armature winding.

The detailed diagram of the armature is as shown 0.2.3 E.M.F. Equation

The flux cut by conductor in one revolution is

= induced emf / conductor × N o. of conductor/path

0.2.4 Types of DC Generators:

Self Excited DC Generators: G E V Load

In this type of generator the magnetic field is

Figure 4 G E Rsh V Load

0.3 Problems on DC Generator

Model paper 1 8 c) A 4 pole lap wound DC shunt

ii) current per parallel path

2019 June 7 b ) A 4 pole 230 V DC series wave

armature and series filed coil resistances are 0.3Ω

Current in each conductor is When wave connected

0.5.1 Working principle of DC Motor DC Series motor:

I is the current through the coil Rs Ia

θ is the angle with respect to the direction of the

0.5.2 Types of DC Motors:

DC Shunt motor: where B.C.D is brush contact drop and A.R.D

+ Multiply both side by Ia

Remaining P, Z, A are constant, and also for

The important characteristic of DC Motors are

2. Speed Vs Armature current characteristic

3. Speed Vs Torque characteristic (N/Ta)

DC Shunt Motor Characteristics: Ta In N-m

1. Torque Vs Armature current character- Figure 10: DC series motor

Remaining P, Z, A are constant, and also for

Figure 9: DC series motor Eb = V − Ia Ra

Remaining P, Z, A are constant, and also for

Ta Figure 13: DC series motor

3. Speed Vs Torque characteristic (N/Ta)

0.6 Problems on DC Motor

Ia = IL − Ish = 20 − 2 = 18A Figure 17

2019 Jan 4 b (17 scheme) ) A 4 pole DC shunt motor

When wave connected

2019 Dec 4 b (17 scheme) ) An 8 pole DC generator φZN P

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