Basic Parts of a DC Generator 1.
1. A 4-pole, simplex lap wound, direct current
➢ Stator (field) – stationary member (it is the one
that creates the magnetic field inside the
generator).
Rf = resistance of the field winding (magnet coils)
If = field current or exiting current
➢ Rotor (armature) – rotating part (it carries the
conductors used to cut down the magnetic field)
Ra = resistance of armature winding
Ia = current drawn by the armature
Eg = generated voltage in the armature winding
➢ Types of armature winding as to design
Lap winding – it forms a loop as it expands around
the armature core
Wave winding – it forms a wave as it expands
around the armature core.
➢ Relation between winding elements and coils
Note: The sum of the core loss and the friction and
armature has 48 slots containing 48 coils, each windage loss is sometimes called stray power loss.
of two turns. The flux per pole, in the field
structure for this armature, is 500,000 lines. Peddy = k e N2 Φ2
Calculate the speed for this machine in order Phyteresis = k h NΦ
that its generated emf will be 220 V. Pcore = Peddy + Physteresis
ANS. 13750 rpm
➢ Types of windings as to number separate 2. The armature of a 4-pole dc generator is
windings wound around the armature core Where: 𝑘𝑒 , 𝑘ℎ = proportionally constant
required to generate an emf of 520 V on open
circuit when revolving at a speed of 660 rpm.
Simplex – only one winding is wound around the 4. The hysteresis losses and eddy current in a dc
Calculate the magnetic flux per pole required if
core. machine running at 1000 rpm are 250 W and
the armature has 144 slots with two coil sides
Duplex – two windings 100 W respectively. If the flux remains constant,
per slot, each consisting of three turns. The
Triplex – three windings at what speed will the total iron loss be halved.
armature is wave wound.
ANS. 570 rpm
ANS. 27.356 mWb
Types of DC Generators
Note: After assembly, the number of poles, number
of armature windings, and the number of parallel
➢ Separately-excited dc generator – the field
paths will become CONSTANT.
windings is excited from a separated dc source
➢ Number of parallel current paths (a) in the PNZΦ
armature
E= 60a
→ E = kNΦ
k = proportionality constant
3. A generator is being driven at 1200 rpm while
Example: generating an emf of 125 V. determine the
generated emf if the field flux is decreased by Eg = VL + Ia R A
10% with the speed increased by 10%
Ra = armature winding resistance
ANS. 123.75 V
a = mP → for lap winding Rf = field winding resistance
a = 2m → for wave winding If = field current
Power Flow in a DC Generator
Ia = armature current
a = number of current paths Eg = generated emf
m = multiplicity factor VL = load or terminal voltage
m = 1, for simplex winding (one winding only) IL = load current
m = 2, for duplex winding (two separate windings) ➢ Shunt generator - the armature and the field
windings are connected across each other.
➢ Design equation of the generated emf in the
armature of a dc generator • Copper loss – heat loss due resistance of the
various windings (copper conductors)
PNZΦ
E=
60a Pcopper = ∑(I2 R)
E = generated emf (volt)
P = number of poles
• Mechanical loss(friction and windage loss)
N = speed at which the armature is driven (rpm)
• Core loss or Iron loss – heat loss due to heating
Z = total number of conductors Ia = IL + Ish
in the core due to hysteresis and eddy current
Ф = flux per pole (weber)
a = number or armature current paths
 VL VL + IL R se Use Nodal Node Method: 𝑉𝑁𝐿 − 𝑉𝐹𝐿
Ish = Ish = %𝑉𝑅 = × 100%
R sh R sh 𝑉𝐹𝐿
Eg = VL + Ia R a + IL R se Ia1 + Ia2 = It + Ish1 + Ish2 10. Two dc shunt generators (A and B) are running
Eg = VL + Ia R a 5. A 2-pole dc generator has a separately excited in parallel and supply a total load of 420 kW.
field that generates a flux of 50 mWb per pole. E1 − VL E2 − VL Pload VL VL The terminal voltage of generator A falls from
➢ Series generator – the field winding is + = + +
The armature has 480 conductors arranged R1a R a2 VL R sh1 R sh2 500 V at no-load to 465 V when delivering a
connected in series with the armature windings. simplex wave format. This generator is used to current of 610 A; for the generator B, the figure
serve a load at 300 V. At this load, the armature Power shared by Generator 1 = 𝑉𝐿 𝐼1 are 505 V at no–load and 465 at 380 A.
serve driven at 800 rpm while absorbing a 𝐼1 = 𝐼𝑎1 − 𝐼𝑠ℎ1 Assuming that the voltage/power characteristics
copper loss of 600 watts. Find the kW rating of Power shared by Generator 2 = 𝑉𝐿 𝐼2 are linear. Determine the common bus bar
the load being served by the generator. 𝐼2 = 𝐼𝑎2 − 𝐼𝑠ℎ2 voltage.
ANS. 9 kW ANS. 468.5 V
6. A certain 110-V shunt generator has an 9. Two shunt generators are running in parallel to
armature and brush resistance of 0.06 ohm at supply a total current o 1,500 A. Each machine Power Developed in the Shaft of a DC Motor
𝐼𝑎 = 𝐼𝑙 full load of 85 A. The resistance of the shunt has a field resistance of 100 ohms and an
field is 45 ohms, and the stray power losses are armature resistance of 0.02 ohm. The emfs
𝐸𝑔 = 𝑉𝐿 + 𝐼𝑎 (𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅𝑠𝑒 ) found to be 897 watts. Determine the full load generated by each are 450 and 460 volts,
efficiency. respectively. Find the kW share of each
ANS. 85.25% generator.
➢ Long-shunt compound generator – the series 7. A dc series generator is supplying power to a 60 ANS. 220kW, 440 kW
field is connected in series with the armature. kW, 600 V lighting load, through a two-wire P = power developed in watts (W)
feeder of total resistance, 0.5 ohm. The CASE II: Given the external parameter of the N = speed in revolution per seconds (rps)
armature and series field resistances are generators like voltage regulations, voltage at no- T = torque in Newton-meter (N-m)
respectively 0.01 Ω and 0.02 Ω respectively. load, voltage at rated load, rated power, etc.
2πNT
Determine the power generated in the armature. HP = →N = rpm; T = lb-ft
33,000
ANS. 65.3 kW
8. A long-shunt compound generator delivers 100
2πNT
A at 250 V. The armature, shunt field and series HP = 44,760 → N = rpm; T= N-m
𝐼𝑎 = 𝐼𝐿 + 𝐼𝑠ℎ field resistances are 0.02 ohm, 50 ohms and
0.05 ohm respectively. If the brake horse power Power Developed in the Armature of a DC Motor
𝑉𝐿 of the driving engine is 40, determine the
𝐼𝑠ℎ =
𝑅𝑠ℎ constant losses of this machine. Using similar triangles:
ANS. 2818.25 W
𝐸𝑔 = 𝑉𝐿 + 𝐼𝑎 (𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅𝑠𝑒 ) VNL − VFL VNL − VL
=
Parallel operation of DC Generators IFL IL
𝑉𝑁𝐿 = no-load voltage
➢ Short-shunt compound generator – the series CASE I: Given internal parameters of the generators 𝑉𝐹𝐿 = full-load voltage
field is connected in series with the load. like armature resistance, field resistance, voltage 𝑉𝐿 = operating voltage or bus bar voltage
generated, etc. 𝐼𝐹𝐿 = full- load current. Current delivered when P = 𝐸𝑏 𝐼𝑎 → watts
terminal voltage is 𝑉𝐹𝐿 𝑃𝑁𝑍𝛷
𝐸𝑏 =
𝐼𝐿 = current delivered by the generator when terminal 60𝑎
𝐸𝑏 = 𝑉𝑠 − 𝐼𝑎 𝑅𝑎
voltage is 𝑉𝐿
𝐸𝑏 = back emf (generated emf in generator)
Voltage regulation = percentage rise in the terminal 𝑉𝑠 = supply voltage
voltage of the generator when load is removed. 𝐼𝑎 = armature current
Ia = IL + Ish
 Speed & Torque Characteristics of DC Motors 𝑇 = 𝑘𝐼𝑎 𝛷 → but, 𝛷 = 𝑘′𝐼𝑎 13. A 220-vollt dc shunt motor has an armature 𝑉𝑠
𝐼𝑎(𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡) =
Thus, T = k’𝐼𝑎 2 → for series motor resistance of 0.25 ohm. When running without 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅
Note: All parts in a dc generator, are also the same load at 1200 rpm, the armature takes 6 A. Find 16. A 15-hp, 200-V, dc shunt has an efficiency of
parts in a dc motor. ➢ Long-shunt Compound Motor the resistance which should be connected in 85% at rated load. The armature and field
PNZΦ series with the armature to reduce the speed of resistances are 0.25 and 100 ohms,
Eb = 60a
→ Eb = kNΦ
the motor to 600 rpm with 30 A to the armature. respectively. Determine the starting resistance
ANS. 3.44 Ω such that the starting armature current does not
PNΦIa 14. A 230-V dc short shunt compound motor draws exceed 150% of the full load current.
T= 2πa
→ T = kIa Φ
an armature current 50 A at rated load. The ANS. 1.84 Ω
Note: After assembly, P, Z, and a are constant. armature, series field and shunt field
resistances are 0.1, 0.2, and 100 ohms PURPOSE: To determine the output power of
k = proportionality constant 𝐼𝑠 = 𝐼𝑎 + 𝐼𝑠ℎ
respectively. Find the horsepower developed in the motor
𝑉𝑠
𝐼𝑠 = the armature at rated load.
Types of DC Motors 𝑅𝑠ℎ
ANS. 14.38 hp T = (scale reading-dead weight) × length of arm
𝐸𝑏 = 𝑉𝑠 − 𝐼𝑎 (𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅𝑠𝑒 )
PROCEDURE: Run the motor at no-load, at
➢ Shunt Motor rated voltage. 2πNT
➢ Short-shunt Compound Motor HP = 33,000 →N = rpm; T = lb-ft
Pin(NL) = POUT(NL) + Pcopper(NL) + Pstray
2πNT
Pstray = Pin(no−load) − Pcopper HP = 44,760 → N = rpm; T= N-m

15. A shunt motor takes 8 A at 220 V when running

Where:
light. Armature resistance 0.3 ohm, shunt field
T = torque exerted by the motor during the test
𝐼𝑠 = 𝐼𝑎 + 𝐼𝑠ℎ resistance 88 ohms. Find the brake horse power
𝑉𝑠 output when the motor is taking 52.5 A.
𝐼𝑠 = 17. A brake test was conducted to an elevator door
𝑅𝑠ℎ ANS. 12.13 hp
drive shunt motor. The ammeter and voltmeter
𝐸𝑏 = 𝑉𝑠 − 𝐼𝑎 𝑅𝑎 𝐼𝑠 = 𝐼𝑎 + 𝐼𝑠ℎ measuring the input read 34 A and 220 V,
𝑉𝑠 − 𝐼𝑠 𝑅𝑠𝑒 Motor Starting
𝐼𝑠 = respectively. The speed of the motor is found to
Note: In a shunt motor, unless otherwise specified, 𝑅𝑠ℎ be 910 rpm and the balance on a 2-ft brake arm
the flux per pole of the motor is assumed constant. 𝐸𝑏 = 𝑉𝑠 − 𝐼𝑠 𝑅𝑠𝑒 − 𝐼𝑎 𝑅𝑎 At starting, a resistance in inserted in the
is found to be positive 2.3 lbs. Find the
armature winding to reduce the current to a safe
efficiency of the motor at this load.
➢ Series Motor 11. An 8-pole, 240-V, lap wound motor has level.
ANS. 86.05%
armature and series field resistances of 0.2 ohm
and 0.02 ohm respectively. There are 660 Constant Practice Makes You Perfect
armature conductors. If the flux per pole is 0,03
Wb and the the total torque developed in the 1. A shunt motor running at 600 rpm takes 80 A at
armature is 320 N-m, find the speed of the 250 V. Armature resistance is 0.1 ohm. Shunt
motor. field resistance is 50 ohms. If the iron and
ANS. 659.6 rpm friction losses amount to 2188 W determine the
12. A 250-volt dc shunt motor has an armature shaft torque.
Let: R = resistance inserted in the armature circuit at A. 250 N-m C. 254 N-m
resistance of 0.025 ohm, on load it takes an
𝐼𝑠 = 𝐼𝑎 starting instant B. 224 N-m D. 204 N-m
armature current of 50 A and runs at 750 rpm.if
𝐸𝑏 = 𝑉𝑠 − 𝐼𝑎 (𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅𝑠𝑒 ) the flux of motor is reduce by 10% without
Note: At starting instant the back emf is ZERO. 2. A 15 hp, 220-V shunt motor draws an armature
changing the load torque, find the new speed of
Note: In series motor, flux generated by the poles is the motor. current of 55 A at full load. The armature
directly proportional to the armature current. 𝐸𝑏 = 𝑉𝑆 − 𝐼𝑎 (𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅) →𝐸𝑏 = 0, at starting resistance including brushes is 0.25 ohm.
ANS. 832.86 rpm
Calculate the total resistance box which would
 permit this motor to develop a starting torque B. 515.42 V D. 511.10 V D. 922,245 maxwells 18. A 7 1⁄2- hp, 220-V, long shunt compound dc
equal to twice that at full load. motors draws a line current of 3 A when running
A. 1.85 ohms C. 1.57 ohms 8. A shunt generator supplies a full load current of 13. A 4-pole, shunt motor has 540 lap wound light. The armature, series field and shunt field
B. 1.65 ohms D. 1.75 ohms 100 A at 110 V. The shunt resistance is 55 conductors. It takes 32 A from the supply mains resistances are 0.2, 0.2 and 110 ohms,
ohms and stray losses are 500 W. If the and develops output power of 5.595 kW. The respectively. Determine the line current drawn
3. The torque measured at a pulley of a series efficiency at full load is 86%, find the armature field winding takes 1 A. The armature resistance at rated load.
motor is taking 50 A at 200 V and runs at 600 resistance. is 0.09 Ω and the flux per pole is 30 mWb. A. 25.65 A C. 29.84 A
rpm. Armature resistance is 0.3 ohm. Series A. 0.103 ohm C. 0.133 ohm Calculate the torque develop in N-m. B. 32.18 A D. 27.46 A
field resistance is 0.2 ohm. Find the iron friction B. 0.085 ohm D. 0.058 ohm A. 62.8 C. 78.1
losses. B. 66.5 D. 71.6 19. A compound generator supplies a load of 20 kW
A. 576 W C. 540 W 9. A shunt motor is taking 84 A at 100 V and at 400 V through a feeder having resistance
B. 582 W D. 590 W delivering 9 hp. Armature resistance 0.05 ohm 14. A shunt motor with an armature and field equal to 0.1 ohm. The shunt and series field
and shunt field resistance 25 ohms. Find the resistances of 0.055 and 32 ohms respectively resistances are 85 ohms and 0.06 ohm
4. A 220 V short shunt compound motor has an iron and friction losses is to be tested for its mechanical efficiency by respectively. Determine the total emf when the
armature resistance of 0.4 ohm, a shunt field A. 966 W C. 980 W means of rope brake. When the motor is generator is connected long shunt. Assume a
resistance of 175 ohms and a series field B. 926 W D. 995 W running at 1400 rpm, the longitudinal pull on the brush contact drop of 1 V per brush and an
resistance of 0.4 ohm. Calculate the 6- inch diameter pulley is 57 lbs. Simultaneous armature resistance of 0.1 ohm.
horsepower developed in armature is drawing a 10. A 400 V series motor has a field resistance of readings of the line voltmeter and ammeter are A. 421.52 V C. 415.76 V
current of 30 A. 0.2 ohm and an armature resistance of 0.1 ohm. 105 and 35, respectively. Calculate the stray B. 418.22 V D. 420.63 V
A. 7.86 hp C. 7.32 hp The motor takes 30 A of current at 1000 rpm power loss
B. 8.32 hp D. 9.42 hp While developing full load torque. What is the A. 441 W C. 454 W 20. A series generator having a combined armature
motor speed when the motor develops 60% of B. 422 W D. 448 W and field resistance 0.4 Ω is running at 1000
5. A 10-hp power 220 V dc shunt motor has an full load torque? rpm and delivering 5.5 kW at a terminal voltage
armature and field resistance of 0.25 ohm and A. 1297.6 rpm C. 1450.2 rpm 15. A 100-V series motor has Ra = 0.20 ohm, Rs = of 110 volts. If the speed is raised to 1500 rpm
100 ohms respectively. The full lad efficiency is B. 1154.4 rpm D. 1255.7 rpm 0.25 ohm. When a torque of 27.1 N-m is applied and the load adjusted to kW, find the new
83%. Determine the value of the starting current to the pulley, the speed is 600 rpm. Stray power terminal voltage
will not exceed 200 percent of full load value. 11. Two dc generators operating in parallel to is 300 W. What is the efficiency of the motor? A. 162.5 V B. 174.4 V
A. 2.0 Ω C. 2.6 Ω deliver a total current of 240 A. The ratings of A. 81.2% C. 76.5% B. 187.1 V D. 159.8 V
B. 1.8 Ω D. 3.2 Ω the generators are as follows: B. 72.9% D. 83.6%
Gen1 Gen2 21. The measured speed of a dc motor is 1100 rpm.
6. A 4-pole simplex wave wound motor takes an Regulation 6% 4% 16. The output of a shunt generator is 24 kW at a The net force registered on the scale used with
armature of 150 A when the speed is 200 rpm. Rated kW 50 100 terminal voltage of 200 V. Armature resistance a prony brake is 16 lbs. If the brake arm
The flux per pole is 0.06 Wb and the armature Rated V 500 V 500 V 0.05 ohm, shunt field resistance 40 ohms. If the
Assume linear characteristics on both measured 28 inches, what is the horsepower
has 870 turns. Calculate the brake horsepower iron and friction losses equal to copper loss at output of the motor.
machines. Find the current delivered by the this load. Find the overall efficiency?
of the motor. Assume a power loss of 4%. A. 10.42 hp C. 9.43 hp
generator 1. A. 87.1% C. 88.2%
A. 73.23 hp C. 63.31 hp B. 8.18 hp D. 7.82 hp
A. 85 A C. 90 A B. 86.3% D. 89.2%
B. 71.42 hp D. 67.17 hp
B. 155 A D. 120 A
22. A 220-V shunt motor has an armature
7. A dc short shunt compound generator a 17. Calculate the efficiency of a shunt motor from resistance of 0.5 ohm and take an armature
12. A dc dynamo has the following particulars: the following data: line current = 19.8 A; line
delivers a load current of 200 A at 500 V. The current of 40 A on a certain load. By how much
develops volts = 100; Total number of slots = voltage = 230 volts; balance reading = 12 lbs,
resistance of the armature, series field and must the main flux be reduced to raise the
53; number of conductors per slot = 6; number
shunt field are 0.03Ω, 0.015Ω and 150Ω corrected for zero reading; brake arm = 2ft; speed by 50% if the developed torque is
of poles = 4; speed= 1000 rpm, winding = wave. speed = 1100 rpm.
respectively. Calculate the emf induced in the constant?
Calculate the flux per pole. A. 80.2% C. 81.8%
armature. Allow a brush contact drop of 1 volt A. 62.7% C. 59.2%
A. 900,550 maxwells B. 84.5% D. 82.4%
per brush. B. 43.2% D. 51.2%
B. 892,182 maxwells
A. 509.03 V C. 510.60 V
C. 943,396 maxwells
23. A self-excited shunt generator supplies a load of
12.5 kW at 125 V. The field resistance is 25 Ω
and the armature resistance is 0.1 ohm. The
total voltage drop because of brush contact and
armature reaction at this load is 3.5 V.
Determine induced armature voltage.
A. 145 V C. 139 V
B. 124 V D. 136 V
24. A four pole generator has 500 conductors on
the armature. If the generator is running at 1200
rpm, find the average voltage generated
between brushes for a wave winding. The total
flux per pole is 10^6 line.
A. 100 V C. 200 V
B. 180 V D. 150 V
25. A separately-excited dc generator when running
at 1200 rpm supplies 200A at 125 V to a circuit
of constant resistance. What will be the current
when the speed is dropped to 1000 rpm and the
field current is reduced to 80%. Armature
resistance =0.4 Ω and the total drop at brushes
= 2 V. Ignore saturation and brush drop
constant.
A. 120.42 A C. 148.82 A
B. 139.73 A D. 132.68 A
26. The input to a 250 V dc shunt motor is 10 kW.
The other particulars of the motor are: no load
current= 6 A, no-load speed = 1000 rpm,
armature resistance =0.4 ohm; shunt field
resistance= 125 ohms , calculate the efficiency.
A. 79.3% C. 77.6%
B. 86.1% D. 83.2%
27. A 4-pole shunt generator with a shunt field
resistance of 100 ohms and an armature
resistance of 1 ohm has 378 wave connected
conductors in its armature. The flux per pole is
0.02 Wb. If a load resistance of 10 ohms is
connected across the armature terminals and
the generator is driven at 1000 rpm, calculate
the power absorbed by the load.
A. 5024 W C. 5322 W
B. 5153 W D. 5525 W
28. A dc shunt motor has an armature and a shunt
resistance of 1 0hm and 100 ohms respectively.
The motor draws a line current of 10A when
connected from a 100 v supply. If the total
mechanical loss is 90 W, calculate the
efficiency.
A. 75.2% C. 72.9%
B. 74.1% D. 77.6%
29. The armature of 4-pole dc shunt motor has a
simplex lap winding accommodated in 60 slots
with 20 conductors per slot. If the flux is 23
mWb and the armature current is 50A.
Determine the torque developed in the
armature.
A. 213.4 N-m C. 225.8 N-m
B. 219.6 N-m D. 225.4 N-m
30. A 250-V shunt motor takes a line current of 60 A
and runs at 800 rpm. Its armature and field
resistance is 0.20 ohms and 125 ohms
respectively. If the brush drop is 2 V, calculate
the no load speed if the no load current is 6 A.
A. 836.5 rpm C. 829.6 rpm
B. 841.2 rpm D. 820.8 rpm
31. A dc series motor of resistance 1.5 ohms runs
at 750 rpm at 220 V with a current of 20 A. Find
the speed at which it will run when connected in
series with a 4.5-ohm resistance and taking the
same current.
A. 348.2 rpm C. 412.5 rpm
B. 394.7 rpm D. 452.2 rpm
32. The output of a shunt generator is 66 A at 100
volts. Armature and shunt resistance are,
respectively, 0.04 ohm and 25 ohms. If the
efficiency at this load is 88%, determine the
core and the friction losses.
A. 402 W C. 285 W
B. 304 W D. 596 W
33. A dc series generator supplies a load of
resistance of 1.4 ohms through a pair of feeder
conductors of a total resistance 0.1 ohm. The
voltage at the dc generator terminals is 120
volts. What is the pd at the load.
A. 110 V C. 112 V
B. 114 V D. 115 V
34. A 120-V dc shunt motor rated at 5 hp has a field
resistance of 50 ohms and an armature circuit
resistance of 0.80 ohm. Approximately what
starter resistance will be required to limit the
armature current at starting 200% of rated
armature current? Assume a motor efficiency of
85%.
A. 0.962 ohm C. 0.923 ohm
B. 0.916 ohm D. 0.956 ohm
35. A 900 rpm, 6-pole generator has a simplex
wave winding. There are 300 conductors on the
armature. The poles are 10 inches square and
the average flux density is 50,000 maxwells per
square inch. Determine the emf induced
between the brushes.
A. 664 V C. 675 V
B. 640 V D. 610 V
36. An 8-pole wave wound dc shunt generator, with
778 conductors while running at 500 rpm
supplies 12.5 Ω resistive load at 250 V. The
armature resistance is 0.24 Ω and the field
resistance is 250Ω, calculate the flux per pole.
A. 9.83 mWb C. 12.11 mWb
B. 11.52 mWb D. 10.06 mWb
37. A 250 V series motor has an armature
resistance of 0.05 Ω and a series field
resistance of 0.02 Ω. It is running at a speed of
900 rpm while taking a current of 30 A.
Determine its speed when it takes a current of
25 A.
A. 1060.42 rpm C. 1081.52 rpm
B. 1192.62 rpm D. 1140.45 rpm
38. The armature of a motor connected to a 220 V
line draws 25 A at the instant the connection is
made, when the motor is at rest. There is a
starting resistance of 8.5 Ω in the circuit. What
is the counter emf when the current drawn is 15
A (with a starting resistance shorted out)?
A. 211.7 V C. 217.1 V
B. 213.3 V D. 215.5 V
39. A six-pole lap connected 230 V shunt motor has
410 armature conductors. It takes 41 A on full
load. The flux per pole is 0.05 weber. The
armature and the field resistances are 0.1 ohm
and 230 ohms respectively. Contact drop per
brush= 1 V. Determine the speed of motor at full
load.
A. 582.3 rpm C. 602.6 rpm
B. 655.6 rpm D. 529.3 rpm
40. A dc generator is being driven at 1,200 rpm and
generates an emf of 125 V. What will be the
generated emf if the field flux is decreased by
12% with the speed increased to 1,800 rpm?
A. 180 V C. 165 V
B. 145 V D. 170 V
41. Two DC generators are operating in parallel
and taking equal shares of a 3100A, 250 V bus
load. Generator 1 is rated at 500 kW, 250 V,
with 2% voltage regulation. Generator 2 is rated
400 kW, 250 V, with 4% voltage regulation. If
the load increases by 20%, determine the
current delivered by generator 1. Assume no
adjustments in excitation.
A. 1992.86 A C. 1950.82 A
B. 1892.55 A D. 1820.71 A
42. Calculate the force that will be exerted on the
scale in a prony brake test when a 20-hp, 1,400
rpm motor is operating a full load. The length of
the brake arm is 3 ft. and the tare weight of the
brake 3.75 lbs.
A. 32.33 lbs C. 75.03 lbs
B. 28.76 lbs D. 25.01 lbs
43. A 240-V dc long shunt compound motor draws
a current of 50A. The armature, series field and
shunt field resistance are 0.1, 0.2 and 240
ohms, respectively. Determine the efficiency of
the motor. Assume a constant loss of 300 W.
 A. 88.6% C. 82.6% 49. Three shunt generators operating in parallel are 35 and 105 respectively. Calculate the runs at 650 rpm on full load. If the bore of the
B. 89.5% D. 86.2% supply a total load current of 2,500 amperes. efficiency. machine is 42 cm (in diameter), its axial length
Each generator has a field resistance of 60 A. 77.10% C. 69.53% is 28 cm, and its pole subtend angle of 60°.
44. Two dc shunt generators (A and B) with emfs of ohms, an armature resistance of 0.01, 0.02 and B. 79.44% D. 73.12% Armature resistance is 0.05 Ω and the shunt
120 V and 115 V, armature resistances of 0.05 ohm, respectively and an induced emfs of field resistance is 57.5 Ω. Determine the air gap
0.05Ω and 0.04Ω and the field resistance of 240, 245 and 250 volts, respectively. What is 54. Two dc shunt generators A and B are rated at flux density.
20Ω and 25Ω respectively are in parallel the bus bar voltage at this load? 100 and 150kW at 110 V respectively. Their A. 1.89 T C. 1.36 T
supplying a total load of 25 kW. Determine the A. 227.87 V C. 228.23 V external load characteristics may be considered B. 1.39 T D. 1.16 T
current delivered by generator A. B. 226.43 V D. 230.42 V as straight line. The voltage drop in the terminal
A. 127.2 A C. 154.4 A voltage from no-load to full-load is 10 volts for A 59. Consider a 10 hp dc motor with an armature
B. 132.5 A D. 148.3 A 50. In a brake test of a dc motor, the speed of a and 20 volts for B. Determine the operating resistance of 0.5 ohm. This motor was
motor is found to be 910 rpm and balanced on a voltage when these generators are operated in connected directly to a 230-V supply line. If the
45. A shunt motor is running at 1,200 rpm for load 0.61 m brake arm reads 11.9 kg. The dead parallel to supply a load of 220 kW. full load armature current of the motor is 40 A
which requires an armature current of 50A from weight of the arm is found to be 1.09 kg. What A. 112.4 V C. 111.7 V and it is desired to limit the starting current to
a 230-V source. At no-load the armature current is the output hp of the motor? B. 112.5 V D. 110.9 V 150% of this value, find the starting resistance
is 5A. If the effect of armature reaction has A. 7.67 hp C. 6.64 hp that must be added in series with the armature.
reduced the air-gap flux 2% from no load to full B. 8.26 hp D. 9.12 hp 55. A short shunt compound generator supplies a A. 3.62 Ω C. 4.12 Ω
load, determine the no-load speed. The current of 100 A at 220 V. If the resistance of a B. 2.93 Ω D. 3.33 Ω
armature resistance is 0.15 ohm. 51. A 550-V long shunt compound motor has an shunt field is 50 ohms, of the series field 0.025
A. 1245 rpm C. 1211 rpm armature resistance of 0.215 ohm and a series ohm, of the armature of 0.05 ohm, the total 60. Given a 10 hp, 230-V, 1000 rpm series motor,
B. 1220 rpm D. 1219 rpm field resistance of 0.15 ohm. The full load speed brush drop is 2 V and the iron and friction having rated load efficiency of 85.5 %, armature
is 1900 rpm when the armature current is 22 A. losses amount to 1kW, find the bhp of the resistance including brushes of 0.28 ohm and
46. Calculate the torque developed when a current At what speed will the motor operate with no engine driving this generator. field resistance of 0.15 ohm. Assuming that the
of 20 A passes through the armature of a motor load if the armature current drops to 3 A with a A. 32.23 C. 33.53 field flux varies directly with the armature
with the following particulars: 280 conductors, corresponding drop in flux to 88% of full load B. 38.64 D.35.32 current, what value of resistance should be
lap winding, 4-poles, flux per pole 19.5 mWb. value. placed in series with this motor, when starting,
A. 17.4 N-m C. 12.4 N-m A. 2124.6 rpm C. 2186.7 rpm 56. The armature circuit current resistance of a 25 in order that the starting current maybe limited
B. 16.2 N-m D. 20.4 N-m B. 2942.2 rpm D. 2242.5 rpm hp, 250 V series motor is 0.1 ohm, the brush to a value that will exert a starting torque equal
volt drop is 3 V and the resistance of the series to 1.5 times rated load torque?
47. The hysteresis and the eddy current losses of a 52. A belt driven 60 kW shunt wound generator field is 0.05 ohm. When the series motor takes A. 4.95 ohms C. 4.52 ohms
given dc machine are 200 watts and 120 watts running at 500 rpm is supplying full load to a 85 A, the speed is 600 rpm. Calculate the speed B. 4.71 ohms D. 4.64 ohms
respectively when running at 1000 rpm. At what bus bar at 200 V. At what speed will it run if the when the current is 100 A.
operating speed will the total core loss be belt breaks and the machine continue to run A. 590 rpm C. 506 rpm 61. A 50 hp, 500 V shunt motor draws a line current
increased by 20%? Assume flux per pole is taking 5 kW from the bus bar? The armature B. 545 rpm D. 581 rpm of 4.5 A at no load. The shunt file resistance is
constant. and field resistances are 0.1Ω and 100Ω 250 ohms and the armature resistance
A. 1140 rpm C. 1280 rpm respectively. Brush contact drop maybe taken 57. The lap wound armature of a 6-pole generator exclusive of brushes, is 0.3 ohm. The brush
B. 1740 rpm D. 1172 rpm as 2 V. has 600 active conductors. The speed is 1000 drop at rated load is 2 V. The full load line
A. 482 rpm C. 520 rpm rpm. The area of each face is 100 sq. in., and current is 84 A. What is the horse power output?
48. A 115-volt shunt motor has an armature whose B. 442 rpm D. 421 rpm the average air gap flux density under the pole A. 52.32 hp C. 51.42 hp
resistance is 0.22 ohm. Assuming a voltage face is 8,000 gauss. Calculate the emf between B. 50.36 hp D. 51.08 hp
across the brush contact of 2 volts, what 53. A dc motor is to be tested for its mechanical the positive and negative brushes.
armature current will flow when the counter emf efficiency by means of a rope brake. When the A. 512 V C. 510 V 62. A 500-V long shunt compound generator has a
is 108 V? motor is running at 1400 rpm, the longitudinal B. 516 V D. 522 V constant (excitation + rotational) loss of 18.0
A. 22.7 A C. 23.2 A pull on the 6-inch diameter pulley is 57 pounds. kW. Its resistance are: Ra= 0.01 ohm, Rs=
B. 28.6 A D. 18.4 A The reading of the line ammeter and voltmeter 58. A 4-pole lap wound, 100 kW, 230 V shunt 0.002 ohm, Rsh= 33 ohms. Determine the
generator has 326 armature conductors, and maximum efficiency.
 A. 91.26% C. 93.38% current of 1000 A. Each machine has a field armature resistance of 0.01 ohm. The emfs speed at half load. Assume constant brush
B. 96.69% D. 88.75% resistance of 80 Ω and an armature resistance generated are 230 V and 235 V respectively. drop.
of 0.02 Ω. The induced emf of generators A and Calculate the busbar voltage. A. 1870 rpm C. 1856 rpm
63. Two dc generators are operating in parallel B are 250 and 240 V, respectively. Determine A. 230.3 V C. 222.5 V B. 1848 rpm D. 1862 rpm
delivering power to four different loads taking the current delivered by the generator. B. 228.2 V D. 234.6 V
100 A, 200 A, 300 A, and 500 A at 230 V. The A. 750 A C. 250 A 78. A shunt motor operates at a flux of 25 mWb per
ratings of the generators are as follows: B. 600 A D. 400 A 73. The output of a shunt generator is 24 kW at a pole, is lap wound, and has 2 poles and 360
Gen1 Gen2 terminal voltage of 200 V. Armature resistance conductors the armature resistance is 0.12 Ω
Regulation 5% 4% 68. A series motor rated 440 volts is taking 80 A 0.05 ohm, shunt field resistance 40 ohms. If the and the motor is designed to operate at 115 V,
Rated A 800A 900A and running at 840 rpm. Total resistance of the iron and friction losses equal to the copper loss taking 60 A in armature current at full load.
Rated V 250 V 250 V motor is 0.10 ohm. At what speed will the motor at this load. Find the overall efficiency? Determine its full load speed.
run when developing half the torque? A. 87.1% C. 88.2% A. 812.24 rpm C. 925.42 rpm
If the 300-A load is switch-off from the bus bar, B. 86.3% D. 89.2% B. 1031.11 rpm D. 718.66 rpm
A. 1210 rpm C. 1194 rpm
determine the new bus bar voltage. Assume o
B. 1128 rpm D. 1245 rpm
adjustments have been made in the excitation. 74. A 6-pole, lap wound shunt motor takes 360 A 79. Two DC generators are operating in parallel and
A. 230.32 V C. 236.67 V when the speed is 450 rpm. The flux per pole is taking equal shares of a 2800 A, 250 V bus
69. A long shunt compound generator supplies 22
B. 231.95 V D. 233.45 V 0.06 Wb and the armature has 864 turns. load. Generator 1 is rated 500 kW, 250 V, with
kW at a terminal voltage of 220 V. The
resistance of the armature, the shunt field and Ignoring the shunt field current, calculate the net 2% voltage regulation. Generator 2 is rated 400
64. A separately excited motor runs at 1045 rpm, horsepower output of the motor if the constant kW, 250 V, with 4% voltage regulation. If the
the series field are respectively 0.05 ohm, 110
with a constant field current, while taking an losses are equivalent to 4% of the total torque. load decrease by 400 A, determine the change
ohms and 0.06 ohm. If the overall efficiency of
armature current of 50 A at 120 V. The armature A. 360 C. 365 in the operating voltage of the bus. Assume no
the above load is 88%, find iron and friction
resistance is 0.1Ω. If the load in the motor B. 352 D. 330 adjustment in excitation.
losses.
changes such that it takes 95 A at 120 V, A. 0.617 V C. 0.825 V
A. 1416 W C. 1584 W
determine the motor speed at this load. 75. A 4-pole dc generator with duplex lap winding B. 0.565 V D. 0.714 V
B. 1536 W D. 1423 W
A. 1004 rpm C. 1024 rpm has 48 slots and four elements per slot. The flux
B. 1018 rpm D. 1010 rpm per pole is 2,500,000 maxwells and it runs at 80. A lap wound armature has 576 conductors and
70. A 4-pole, lap wound dc generator has 728
active conductors and runs at 1800 rpm. The 1500 rpm. Find the output voltage? carries an armature current of 123.5 A. If the
65. A 4-pole shunt connected generator has a lap A. 120 V C. 60 V flux per pole is 20 mWb, solve the
flux per pole is 30 mWb. If this armature is
connected armature with 728 conductors. The B. 110 V D. 180 V electromagnetic torque developed by the
designed to carry a maximum line current of 100
flux per pole is 25 mWb. If the generator armature.
A, what is the maximum electromagnetic power
supplies two hundred, 110-V, 75-W bulbs, 76. A short shunt compound generator has an
developed in the armature. A. 282 N-m C. 226 N-m
determine the approximate speed of the armature, series field and shunt field B. 218 N-m D. 237 N-m
A. 72.5 kW C. 68.2 kW
generator. The field and armature resistances resistances of 0.031 Ω, 0.04 Ω and 100 Ω
B. 65.5 kW D. 70.8 kW
are 110Ω and 0.075Ω respectively. respectively. At rated load condition, the 81. A separately excited motor runs at 1045 rpm,
A. 382 rpm C. 394 rpm terminal voltage is 400 V while the armature is with a constant field current, while taking an
71. A shunt generator delivers 195 A at a terminal
B. 397 rpm D. 388 rpm developing an emf of 409 V. Find the kW armature current of 50 A at 120 V. The armature
voltage of 250 V. The armature resistances and
shunt field resistances are 0.02 Ω and 50 Ω delivered to the load at rated condition. resistance is 0.1 Ω if the load on the motor
66. sA shunt motor has an armature resistance of A. 66 kW C. 45 kW changes such that it takes 95 A at 120 V,
respectively. If the iron and friction losses
0.1 ohm, a shunt field resistance of 55 ohms. B. 50 kW D. 60 kW determine the motor speed at this load.
amount to 950 W, determine the power input to
The motor is taking 50 A at 220 V. Iron and A. 1007 rpm C. 1004 rpm
the generator.
friction losses amount to 1200 watts. Determine 77. A 120-volt dc shunt motor having an armature B. 1012 rpm D. 1016 rpm
A. 52,340 W C. 47,750 W
the output bhp of the motor. circuit resistance of 0.2 ohm and a field circuit
B. 51,750 W D. 55,230 W
A. 11.67 C. 13.32 resistance of 60 ohms, draws a line current of 82. A 250 V series motor in which the total armature
B. 12.48 D. 10.67 40 A at full load. The brush volt drop is 3 V and and field resistance is 0.15 ohm is working with
72. Two shunt generators running in parallel supply
a total load current of 2000 A. Each machine rated, full load speed is 1800 rpm. Calculate the unsaturated filed taking 120 A and running at
67. Two identical shunt generators A and B are
has a field resistance of 50 ohms and an
connected in parallel to supply a total load
 750 rpm. Calculate at what speed the motor will loss if the field is adjusted to produce 50 mWb Assume both machines have external
run when developing half the torque? per pole while the speed is reduced to 900 rpm? characteristics which are straight lines over their
A. 1084.6 rpm C. 1049.6 rpm A. 620 W C. 650 W operating ranges. Find the operating voltage.
B. 1072. 2 rpm D. 1063.2 rpm B. 675 W D. 680 W A. 118.42 V C. 114.28 V
88. A dc shunt motor has an armature and shunt B. 115.95 V D. 116.14 V
83. A separately-excited generator, when running at field resistances of 1 ohm and 100 ohms
1000 rpm supplied 200 A at 125 V. What will be respectively. The motor draws a line current of 93. In a 120 v compound generator, the resistances
the load current when the speed drops to 800 10 A when connected from a 100 V supply. If of the armature, shunt and series windings are
rpm. Assume armature resistance = 0.04 Ω and the total mechanical loss is 90 kW, calculate the 0.06 Ω, 25 Ω, and 0.04 Ω respectively. The load
brush drop = 2 V. efficiency. current is 100 A at 120 V. Find the induced emf
A. 156.2 A C. 164.2 A A. 75.2% C. 72.9% when the machine is connected short shunt.
B. 159.4 A D. 160.9 A B. 74.1% D. 77.6% A. 130.48 V C. 125.43 V
B. 128.53 V D. 132.58 V
84. The armature of a 4-pole dc shunt generator is 89. If the power transmitted by the shaft of a dc
lap wound and generates 216 V when running shunt motor is 50 hp. The speed being 480 rpm. 94. The hysteresis loss of a dc machine is 300 W
at 600 rpm. Armature has 144 slots, with 6 What is the torque? when the flux per pole is 30 mWb and the
conductors per slot. If this armature is rewound A. 702 N-m C. 780 N-m machine is driven at 1000 rpm. How much is the
wave-connected, find the emf generated with B. 742 N-m D. 726 N-m loss if the field is adjusted to produce 50 mWb
the same flux per pole but running at 500 rpm. per pole while the speed is reduced to 900 rpm?
A. 330 V C. 340 V 90. During the brake test on a dc shunt motor, the A. 420 W C. 450 W
B. 360 V D. 350 V speed of the motor is found to be 900 rpm while B. 510 W D. 500 W
the balance on 3 ft brake arm reads 28.5 lb.
85. A long shunt, compound-wound generator gives The tare weight of the arm is known to be 2.3 95. A 5 hp, 120 volt shunt motor has an armature
240 volts at full load output of 100 A. The lbs. Determine output hp of the motor. resistance of 0.10 ohm, and a full load armature
resistances of various windings of the machine A. 13.47 C. 12.45 of 40 A. Determine the value of the series
are: armature 0.125 Ω, series filed 0.02 Ω, shunt B. 10.75 D. 15.08 resistance to be added to the armature to limit
field 100 Ω. The iron loss at full load is 1000 W, the initial starting current to 150% of normal.
windage and friction losses total 500 W. 91. A 100 kW, 230 V shunt generator has R a = 57.5 A. 1.76 Ω C. 1.42 Ω
Calculate the full load efficiency of the machine. Ω and R f = 57.5 Ω. Determine the induced emf at B. 1.93 Ω D. 1.86 Ω
A. 87.1% C. 82.1%. half load.
B. 92.1 % D. 98.1% A. 252 V C. 241 V
B. 272 V D. 237 V
86. The nameplate rating of a shunt motor is 150
hp, 600 V, 205 A, 1700 rpm. The resistance of 92. Two shunt generators are operating in parallel
the shunt field current is 240 ohms, and the total to deliver a total current of 3000 A. The rating of
armature circuit resistance is 0.15 ohm. The each generator are as follows:
motor has a commutating winding and armature Gen1 Gen2
reaction is neglected. Calculate the stray power
loss.
A. 3.45 kW C. 3.89 kW No-load V 125 V 125 V
B. 3.33 kW D. 3.72 kW
Rated V 110 V 115 V
87. The eddy current loss of a dc machine is 300 W
when the flux per pole is 30 mWb. And the Rated kW 200 kW 250 kW
machine is driven at 1000 rpm. How much is the