GARCIA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

Kalibo, Aklan
Electrical Engineering Department

NOTES IN ENGINEERING COMPETENCE II (ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING SUBJECTS)

DC MACHINES

DC GENERATOR
A dc generator is an electrical machine which converts mechanical
energy into direct current electricity. This energy conversion is based on
the principle of production of dynamically induced emf.
Problem 1. An armature core requires 360 conductors on it. With 3 turns
per coil, how many coils are there?
(60)
TYPES OF WINDING AS TO NUMBER OF WINDING ELEMENTS PER SLOT

 Yoke: The outer frame of a dc machine is called as yoke. It is Simplex – there are two winding elements per slot
made up of cast iron or steel. It not only provides mechanical Duplex – there are four winding elements per slot
strength to the whole assembly but also carries the magnetic Triplex – there are six winding elements per slot
flux produced by the field winding.
POLE PITCH
 Poles and pole shoes: Poles are joined to the yoke with the
help of bolts and welding. They carry the field winding and Pole Pitch – number of armature slots under each pole face
pole shoes are fastened to them. Pole shoes serve two
purposes; (i) they support field coils and (ii) spread out the flux total no .of slots slots
in air gap uniformly. Pole Pitch= =
no . of poles pole
 Field winding: They are usually made of copper. Field coils are
Note: Sometimes, pole pitch is measured in terms of the number of
former wound and placed on each pole and connected in
conductors under in each pole face.
series. They are wound in such a way that, when energized,
they form alternate North and South poles.
total no .of conductors conductors
Pole Pitch= =
 Armature core: Armature core is the rotor of the machine. It is no . of poles pole
cylindrical in shape with slots to carry armature winding. The
armature is built up of thin laminated circular steel disks for Problem 2. Solve the pole pitch in a 4-pole lap wound, 32-coil dc
reducing eddy current losses. It may be provided with air ducts generator. Assume two conductors per coil.
for the axial flow for cooling purposes. (16)

 Armature winding: It is wound copper coil which rests in COIL SPAN

armature slots. The armature conductors are insulated from
each other and also from the armature core. Armature Standard Rule: The coil movement must go from the center of N-pole to
winding can be wound by one of the two methods; lap winding the center of the next S-pole.
or wave winding.
Coil Span – distance between the coils sides measured in terms of
 Commutator and brushes: The function of a commutator, in a armature slots
dc generator, is to collect the current generated in armature slots
conductors. A commutator consists of a set of copper Coil Span=
pole
segments which are insulated from each other. The number of
segments is equal to the number of armature coils. Brushes Note: Coil span is always rounded off to the lower whole number.
are usually made from carbon or graphite. They rest on
commutator segments and slide on the segments when the If the coil span is equal to the pole pitch, the coil pitch is called full pitch.
commutator rotates keeping the physical contact to collect or If the coil span is less than, then it is called fractional pitch.
supply the current.
Note: Full pitch is equivalent to a span equal to 180 electrical degrees.
TYPES OF ARMATURE WINDINGS
 Lap winding – it forms a loop as it expands around Problem 3. In a 4-pole, 35 slots armature core, a coil span of
the armature core. It is used for low voltage, high approximately 180 electrical degrees will be obtained when coils occupy
current dc generators what slot numbers?
(slot 1 and slot 9)
 Wave winding – it forms a wave as it expands
around the armature core. It is used for high voltage, ELECTRICAL & MECHANICAL DEGREES EQUIVALENTS
low current dc generators
180 electrical degrees refer to the coil expansion which is equal to the
TYPES OF ARMATURE WINDINGS AS TO DIRECTION OF EXPANSION center to center distance between two adjacent poles.
 Progressive – the winding advances going clockwise
when viewed at the commutator
360°
180 ° elec .= mech.
 Retrogressive – the winding advances going counter- P
clockwise when viewed at the commutator
P = number of poles
WINDING ELEMENTS AND COILS:
 Winding Element – side of the coil which is active in Problem 4. In a six-pole dc generator, 45 mechanical degrees
flux cutting corresponds to ____ electrical degrees.
(135 elec.)
1 coil = 2 elements = 1 turn = 2 wires
WINDING PITCH
1 coil = 2 elements = 2 turns = 4 wires

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Winding Pitch – number of elements span at the front or back of the
armature core as the coil expands
Standard Rule: The winding elements in the slots are numbered odd (on
top) and even (on bottom). The winding expansion must be from the top
element to the bottom element.
Example: Start from element 1 to element 10, then from element 3 to
element 12, then from element 5 to element 14, etc.
Back Pitch (Yb) – distance measured in terms of the armature winding
elements, which a coil advances on the back of the armature.
Front Pitch (Yf) – distance measured in terms of the armature winding
elements, which a coil advances on the front of the armature.
Each commutator segment or bar has two winding elements connected
to it. Since each coil has two winding elements, thus the number of
commutator bars is equal to the number of coils.
N c =number of coils
NC = number of commutator bars
Problem 8. A six-pole dynamo requires 360 conductors on its armature,
with three turns per coil and two coil side per slot. Determine number of
commutator bars.
(60)
NUMBER OF PARALLEL PATHS

Z Number of parallel current paths in the armature (from negative brush

Y b= ± 1
P to positive brush)

Y b =Y f ± 2m a=mP → for lap winding

+ sign = for progressive winding a=2 m→ for wave winding

- sign = for retrogressive winding
Z = total number of winding elements
P = number of poles
m = multiplicity factor (also called flex factor)
= 1, for simplex winding – only one armature winding
= 2, for duplex winding – two armature windings are used
= 3, for triplex winding – three armature windings are used
Y b ≅ Y f → nearly equal¿ the pole pitch
m = multiplicity factor (also called flex factor)
Problem 9. How many parallel paths are there in the windings of an
armature wound six-pole triplex wave winding?
(6)
Problem 10. The armature of a 6-pole generator carries a total of 300 A.
What current flows in each path if the winding is simplex lap?
(50 A)

1 Problem 11. A 4-pole, simplex lap-connected dc armature has an

Y ave = ( Y b +Y f )
2 armature resistance of 0.15 .. If the armature is rewound for simplex
wave-connection, what will be the new armature resistance?
Z ±2 (0.6 )
Y ave = → must be an even integer
P NUMBER OF BRUSHES
+ sign = for progressive winding
 For lap winding, the number of brushes is equal to the number
- sign = for retrogressive winding
of poles
Z = total number of winding elements
P = number of poles
 For wave winding, the number of brushes is equal to 2.
Problem 5. Assume the armature of a 4-pole dynamo has 16 coils.
GENERATED EMF IN THE ARMATURE
Specify the front and back pitches for a simplex progressive lap winding.
(9 elements, 7 elements)
According to Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction, whenever a
conductor is placed in a varying magnetic field (OR a conductor is moved
Problem 6. Assume the armature of a 4-pole dynamo with 30 armature
in a magnetic field), an emf (electromotive force) gets induced in the
conductors. Specify the front and back pitches for a simplex retrogressive
conductor.
wave winding.
(7 elements, 7 elements)
P ∅ NZ
E= → ∅ ∈webers
COMMUTATOR PITCH 60 a
Commutator Pitch (Yc) – the distance (measured in commutator bars or P ∅ NZ −8
segments) between the segments to which the two ends of a coil are E= x 10 → ∅∈maxwells
connected
60 a
E = generated voltage, in volt (V)
Y c =1 → for lap P = number of poles
N = speed armature rotation, in rev/min (rpm)
Nc± m Z = total number of conductors in the armature
Y c= → for wave  = flux per pole
P/2 a = number of armature current paths
Note: For wave winding, YC must be an integer, if not then the winding is
After assembly on the generator, the number of poles (P), number of
not possible since it will close to itself after one passage around the
armature windings (Z), and the number of parallel paths (a) will become
armature. This is one limitation of the wave winding.
constant.
Problem 7. A commutator has 456 segments, test whether or not the
following windings are possible P ∅ NZ
E= → E=kN ∅
a. Simplex, 6 poles 60 a
b. Triplex, 6 poles
(not possible, possible)

NUMBER OF COMMUTATOR SEGMENTS

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 ( )( )
E2 N 2 ∅2 t = thickness of the laminations of the core
= B = flux density
E1 N 1 ∅1 f = frequency of flux reversal (Hz)
V = volume of core
k = proportionality constant k = proportionality constant

Problem 12. A 4-pole machine running at 1500 rpm has an armature
with 90 slots and 6 conductors per slot. The flux per pole is 60 mWb.
Determine the terminal emf as a dc generator if the coils are simplex lap
connected.
(810 V)
Problem 13. An 8-pole simplex wave connected dc generator has 1000
armature conductors and flux per pole of 0.035 Wb. At what speed must
it be driven to generate 500 V?
(214 rpm)
Problem 14. A 4-pole dc generator has 124 simplex lap coils each having
two turns. The flux per pole is 0.015 Wb. Calculate the dc voltage
appearing across the brushes when running at 1500 rpm in a steady
field.
(186 V)
Problem 15. When a generator is being driven at 1200 rpm, the
generated emf is 125 V. Determine the generated emf if the speed is
reduced to 1100 rpm, the field flux remaining unchanged.
(114.6 V)
Note: Assuming t & V = constants, frequency f is directly proportional to
speed N, flux density B is proportional to flux 
2 2 1.6
Peddy =k e N ∅ ; Physteresis =k h N ∅
Note: The exponent 1.6 of B in the formula is called Steinmetz exponent.
In modern machines, the value of the exponent is closer to 2. If it’s not
specified, just try using 1.6 or 2.
Note: In some old books, hysteresis loss is considered as proportional to
both speed and flux. Use this concept if using the exponent of 1.6 or 2
are not available from the choices.
Physteresis =k h N ∅
Problem 20. The eddy current loss of a dc machine is 300 W when the
flux per pole is 30 mWb and the machine is driven at 1000 rpm. How
much is the loss if the field is adjusted to produce 50 mWb per pole while
the speed is reduced to 900 rpm?
(675 W)

Problem 16. A 4-pole generator has 500 conductors on the armature. If Problem 21. A dc machine runs at 500 rpm. The eddy current losses and
the generator is running at 1200 rpm, find the average voltage hysteresis losses are found to be 100 and 200 W, respectively. At what
generated between the brushes for a simplex wave winding. The total speed will it be run to reduce the core losses by 20%.
flux per pole is 106 lines. (422 rpm)
(200 V)
EFFICIENCY
Problem 17. Determine the flux per pole of a 6-pole generator required
to generate 240 V at 500 rpm. The armature has 120 slots, with eight Efficiency – is the ratio of output power to the input power
conductors per slot, and is simplex lap connected.
(0.03 Wb) P out P out
η= =
P¿ Pout + Plosses
Problem 18. A 4-pole shunt generator has 51 slots, each having 24
conductors with a wave wound armature. The flux per pole is 0.01 Wb. At maximum efficiency condition, the variable losses (copper loss) are
At what speed should the armature be driven to give an induced emf of equal to the constant losses (i.e. mechanical loss, magnetic loss, etc).
220 V?
(539 rpm) P out(max )
η(max) =
P out(max )+ 2(P constant loss )
Problem 19. A dc generator runs at 800 rpm and generates a voltage of
110 V. What will be the new generated emf if the flux is decreased by
20% with the speed increased to 1,200 rpm? SEPARATELY-EXCITED DC GENERATOR
(132 V)
The field winding of the generator is excited or supplied from a separate
POWER LOSSES IN DC GENERATORS or external dc source like a battery or another dc generator.

Copper (or electrical) Loss – when an electric current of I ampere flows E=V L + I a Ra
in a resistance of R ohms, heat energy is lost at the rate of I2R, watts.
Ra = armature winding resistance
Pcu =∑ I R2 Rf = field winding resistance
RL = load resistance
Ia = armature current
Mechanical (or friction) Loss – when machine is running, there are
If = field current
various frictional forces to overcome, which requires a continuous
IL = load current
expenditure of energy and results in heating the rubbed parts.
E = generated emf in the armature
VL = load voltage or terminal voltage
Magnetic Loss (Core loss or Iron loss) – these are heat losses in the iron
of the armature core produced by changes in the direction and
Problem 22. The armature of a separately excited generator has a
magnitude of the flux.
resistance of 0.16 ohm. When run at its rated speed, it yields 132V on
open circuit and 126 V on full load. How much power is delivered to the
Stray Load Loss– these are load losses not covered by the above losses
external circuit?
as outlined. The stray load losses shall be taken as 1% of the output.
(4725 W)
Include these losses only when it is given or when the answer in
computing efficiency is not available from the choices.
Problem 23. A lap connected separately-excited dc generator has 728
conductors and 20 mWb flux per pole. The armature resistance is 0.1 .
Note: Friction losses plus magnetic losses are also called stray power
At what speed must the generator run to maintain 220 V at the
loss. These losses are assumed constant at any loading, unless otherwise
terminals while supplying 50 A current to a resistive load?
specified as to vary.
(927.2 rpm)
2 2 2 1.6
Peddy =k e t B f V ; Physteresis =k h B fV SHUNT GENERATOR

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The field windings are connected across the armature windings.
VL
I a=I L + I sh ; I sh=
R sh
E=V L + I a Ra
Rsh = shunt field resistance
Ish = shunt field current
Note: If not specified, flux  in a shunt generator is assumed constant.
Problem 24. A certain 110-V shunt generator has an armature and brush
resistance of 0.06 ohm at full load of 85 A. The resistance of the shunt
field is 45 , and the stray power losses are found to be 897 W.
Determine the efficiency.
(85.20%)
Problem 25. A shunt generator delivers 50 A of current to a load at 110
V, at an efficiency of 85%. The total constant losses are 480 W, and the
shunt-field resistance is 65 . Calculate the armature resistance.
(0.114 )
Problem 26. A shunt generator supplies 100 A at 200 V. The driving
engine is developing 32 b.h.p. Armature resistance 0.1  and shunt field
resistance is 50 . Find the iron and friction loss.
(1990 W)
DC SERIES GENERATOR
The field windings are connected in series with the armature windings.
E=V L + I a(R ¿ ¿ a+ R se) → I a =I L ¿
Rse = resistance of the series field windings
Note: If not specified, in a series generator the flux is proportional to the
armature current.
Problem 27. The terminal voltage of a 150-kW series generator is 600 V
at rated load. The armature resistance is 0.06  and the series field
resistance is 0.04 . Find the generated emf.
(625 V)
Problem 28. A series generator delivers a current of 100 A at 250V. Its
armature and series field resistances are 0.1  and 0.05  respectively.
Determine the generated emf.
(265 V)
DC LONG-SHUNT COMPOUND GENERATOR
This generator is a combination of the shunt and series generators. The
series field windings is connected in series with the armature winding.
I a=I L + I sh
VL
I sh =
R sh
E=V L + I a( R ¿ ¿ a+ R se)¿
Problem 29. A long-shunt compound generator supplies 22 kW at a
terminal voltage of 220 V. The resistance of the armature, the shunt field
and the series field are respectively 0.05 , 110 , and 0.06 . If the
overall efficiency of the above load is 88%, find the iron and friction
losses.
(1415.56 W)
Problem 30. A 125-kW, 250-V, long shunt compound dc generator has
the following winding resistances: armature = 0.025 ; series field = 0.01
; shunt field = 50 . Its stray power loss at rated voltage and speed is 5
kW. Find the efficiency under this condition.
(89.17% )
DC SHORT-SHUNT COMPOUND GENERATOR
This generator is a combination of the shunt and series generators. The
series field windings is connected in series with the armature load.
I a=I L + I sh
V sh
I sh =
R sh
E=V sh + I a Ra
Problem 31. A 50-kW, 250-V short shunt compound generator has the
following data: armature resistance = 0.06 , series field resistance =
0.04  , and shunt field resistance = 125 .. Calculate the induced
voltage at rated load and terminal. Take 2 V as the total brush contact
drop.
(272.12 V)
Problem 32. A short shunt compound dc generator supplies a current of
100 A at a voltage of 220 V. If the resistance of the shunt field is 50 , of
the series field 0.025, of the armature 0.05 , the total brush drop is 2
V, and the iron and friction losses amount to 1 kW, find the BHP of the
driving engine.
(33.52 hp)
Problem 33. A short shunt compound generator supplies 100 A at 110 V.
Armature resistance 0.05 , shunt field resistance 57 , series field
resistance 0.04 . Iron and friction losses amount to 852 W. Find the
overall efficiency.
(84.614 %)
TYPES OF COMPOUND GENERATORS ACCORDING TO METHOD OF
COMPOUNDING THE FLUX
Cumulative compounded – the series field windings creates flux that aids
or in the same direction as the shunt field winding flux
Differential-compounded – the series field windings creates flux to
oppose the flux created by the shunt field windings.
TYPES OF COMPOUND GENERATORS ACCORDING TO THE DEGREE OF
COMPOUNDING
Flat-compound generator – the terminal voltage at no-load and full load
are approximately equal
Over-compuond generator – the terminal voltage at full load is higher
than terminal voltage at no load
Under-compound generator – the terminal voltage at full load is lower
than terminal voltage at no load
DC GENERATOR WITH INTERPOLE WINDINGS OR COMPENSATING
WINDINGS
These windings are used to counteract the distortion of the main field
flux caused by the phenomenon called armature reaction. These
windings are connected in series with the armature windings.
Problem 34. A short shunt compound generator has a shunt field
resistance of 77 , a series field resistance of 0.008 , a commutating-
pole winding resistance of 0.005 , and an armature resistance of 0.02
. When the armature current is 128 A, the generated voltage emf is
234.2 V, solve the power delivered to the load.
(28.75 kW)
DC GENERATOR WITH A DIVERTER RESISTANCE
Diverter – a variable resistance (rheostat) used to control the current in
the series field windings. It is connected in parallel or across the series
field windings.
Problem 35. In a compound generator connected short shunt, the
terminal voltage is 230 V when it delivers 150 A. The shunt field current
Page 4 of 16
is 2.5 A, armature resistance 0.032 , series field resistance 0.015 ,
and diverter resistance 0.03 . Determine the total power generated in
the armature.
(36.05 kW)
Problem 36. A long shunt compound generator has a shunt field winding
of 1000 turns per pole, and a series field winding of 4 turns per pole. In
order to obtain the same (rated) voltage at full load as at no-load, when
operated as a shunt generator, it is necessary to increase the field
current by 0.2 A. The full load armature current of the compound
generator is 80 A and series field resistance is 0.05 . Calculate the
diverter resistance required for flat compounded operation.
(0.0833 )
PARALLEL OPERATION OF DC GENERATORS
Problem 39. Two dc shunt generators A & B are operating in parallel.
One machine has a terminal voltage of 500 V on no-load and 465 V at a
load current of 600 A. The other machine has a voltage of 505 V on no-
load and 465 V at 380 A. Determine the common bus bar voltage if the
total load supplied is 400 kW.
(469.83 V)
Problem 40. Two 220-V generators operate in parallel supplying a total
current of 65 A. One machine has a terminal voltage of 260 V on no load
and 220 V when supplying 30 A. The second machine has a voltage of
270 V on no load and 220 V when supplying 45 A. Calculate
a. bus bar voltage
b. current delivered by each generator
(226.061 V, 25.455 A, 39.545 A)

Generators are connected in parallel in order to avoid overloading the PARALLEL OPERATION PROBLEM WITH VOLTAGE REGULATION AS
generators since each generator in parallel operation will share a PART OF THE GIVEN DATA
common load.
Percent Voltage Regulation is the percentage rise in the terminal voltage
Requirements: of the generator when load is removed.
 Equal magnitude of terminal voltage
 Same polarity V NL−V FL
 Same type of dc generator (as to external characteristics) % VR= X 100 %
V FL
PARALLEL OPERATION PROBLEM GIVEN INTERNAL PARAMETERS
V NL=V FL (1+% VR)
Using Millman’s Theorem,
Problem 41. Two DC generators A and B are running in parallel to supply
E1 E2 a load. A is rated: 50 kW, 500 V, %VR=6%. B is rated 100 kW, 500 V, %VR
+ +… = 4%. Assuming linear characteristics on both machines, find the bus bar
Ra1 Ra2 voltage when the total load current is 250 A.
V L=
1 1 1 1 1 (503.75 V)
+ + + + …+
R a 1 Rsh 1 Ra 2 R sh2 RL
PARALLEL OPERATION PROBLEM WITHOUT EXCITATION
ADJUSTMENTS
VL = terminal voltage or bus bar voltage
∆ V x I FL
E −V L V L E −V L V L ∆ I= X 100 %
I L 1= 1 − ; I L2= 2 − % VR x V FL
Ra 1 R sh1 Ra2 Rsh 2
V = change in bus bar voltage due to changes in load current (I)
IL1 = current delivered by generator 1
IL2 = current delivered by generator 2
Note: Without changing the excitation on the generators, when bus load
increases, the bus voltage will decrease. Likewise, when bus load
P L1=V L I L1 → power shared by generator 1 decreases, the bus voltage will increase.

P L2=V L I L2 → power shared by generator 2
Problem 37. Two shunt generators running in parallel supply a total load
current of 2000 A. Each machine has a field resistance of 50  and an
armature resistance of 0.01 . The emfs generated are 230 V and 235 V
respectively. Calculate the
a. bus bar voltage
b. current delivered by each generator
(222.456 V, 750 A, 1250 A)
Problem 38. Two shunt generators A & B are operating in parallel. The
emf induced in A is 260 V and that induced in B is 270 V. They supply
together a load current of 1000 A. If each machine has an armature
resistance of 0.03  and field resistance 50 , determine the terminal
voltage.
(249.85 V)
Problem 42. Two DC generators are operating in parallel and taking
equal shares of a 2000 A, 250 V bus load. The ratings of the generators
are as follows: Generator A: 400 kW, 250 V, %VR=3%. Generator B: 300
kW, 250 V, %VR=2.5%. If an 800-A load is added to the bus, determine
the
a. new bus bar voltage
b. new current delivered by generator A.
Assume no adjustments have been made in the excitations on both
machines.
(248.026 V, 1421.12 A)
Problem 43. Two dc shunt generators, each with armature resistance of
0.02  and field resistance of 50  run in parallel and supply a total
current of 1000 A to the load circuit. If theirs emfs’ are 270 V and 265 V,
solve the bus bar voltage.
(257.4 V)

PARALLEL OPERATION PROBLEM GIVEN EXTERNAL PARAMETERS Problem 44. Two identical dc shunt generators A & B, each having an
armature resistance of 0.02  and field resistance of 100 . The two
Note: The characteristic curve of the generator is always assumed linear. generators are operated in parallel to supply a common load of
resistance 0.1. Solve the current delivered by A if the induced emfs’ in
the two machines are 500 V and 510 V, respectively.
I FL (V NL−V L ) (2045 A)
I L=
V NL−V FL
Problem 45. Two shunt generators are running in parallel. The no-load
VNL = no-load voltage voltage of each generator is 120 V. Generator A is rated at 250 kW and
VFL = full-load voltage its full load voltage is 115 V. Generator B is rated at 200 kW at 112 V. If
VL = operating voltage or bus bar voltage the load supplied is 3600 A, solve output current of generator A.
IFL = current delivered when terminal voltage is VFL (2379 A)
IL = current delivered when terminal voltage is VL
Page 5 of 16
Problem 46. Two dc generators A and B are operating in parallel equal T = torque, in newton-meter (N-m)
shares of a 3000 A, 250 V bus load:
Generator A: 600 kW, 250 V; % VR = 4%. Combining the above formulas, the torque developed in the armature is
Generator B: 600 kW, 250 V; % VR = 3%. given by the equation,
Generator A is accidentally disconnected from the bus, what will be the
new bus voltage assuming no adjustments have been made in the PZϕ I a
excitation? T=
(245.3125 V) 2 πa

Problem 47. A generator whose terminal voltage falls uniformly from Note: After assembly, P, Z, & a will become constant.
240 V on open circuit to 220 V when delivering 250 A is connected in
parallel with a battery having a constant emf of 235 V and an internal T =k I a ϕ
resistance of 0.1 . Find the current supplied by the generator when the

( )( )
total external load is 250 A. T1 I a1 ϕ1
(166.667 A) =
T2 I a2 ϕ2
INDUCED EMF IN THE ARMATURE CONDUCTORS OF A DC MOTOR
Shaft torque is the torque available for useful work. It is so-called shaft
A DC motor is similar in construction to a dc generator. Any dc generator torque because it is available at the shaft. The horsepower obtained
will run as dc motor when its field and armature windings are connected using the shaft torque is called brake horsepower (B.H.P).
to a source of direct current.
2 πNT
Induced emf of a dc motor has similar concept as to the induced emf of P= → P=hp ; N=rpm; T =N−m
a dc generator. In dc motors, this is normally called counter emf or back 44760
emf.
2 πNT
P ∅ NZ P= → P=hp ; N =rpm ; T =lb−ft
Eb = 33000
60 a
Problem 49. A 4-pole, 250-V dc series motor has an armature resistance
Eb =V s −I a Ra of 0.3 ohm and series field resistance of 0.25 . The armature is lap
wound and has 672 conductors. If the flux is 25 mWb per pole and
developed armature torque is 348 N-m, calculate the armature current.
Eb = back emf, in volt (V)
(130.15 A)
P = number of poles
Z = total number of conductors
Problem 50. The armature of a dc motor running at 1200 rpm carries 45
 = flux per pole, weber (Wb)
A in current. If the back emf is 130 V, what is the torque developed by
N = speed at which the armature is driven (rpm)
the armature?
a = number of armature current paths
(46.55 N-m)
Vs = external supply voltage
Ia = armature current
Problem 51. A 4-pole dc shunt motor, simplex wave wound armature has
650 conductors. The flux per pole is 30 mWb. Calculate the armature
a=mP → for lapwinding torque when the armature current is 40 A.
(248.28 N-m)
a=2 m→ for wave winding
Problem 52. A 6-pole, simplex lap wound armature having 720
After assembly, P, Z, & a will become constant: conductors, rotates in field of 20.35 mWb. If the armature current is 78
A, what is the torque developed by the armature?
Eb =kN ∅ (182 N-m)

Problem 53. A separately excited dc motor develops 500 N-m torque

= ( )( )
Eb 1 N 1
Eb 2 N 2
∅1
∅2
while drawing an input current of 20 A. What is the torque when the
input current is 50 A?
(1250 N-m)
Subscript 1 – for condition 1; Subscript 2 – for condition 2
MAXIMUM POWER DEVELOPED IN THE ARMATURE
Problem 48. A 6-pole, simplex lap wound armature having 720
1
conductors, rotates in field of 20.35 mWb. If the induced armature Eb = V s
voltage is 420 V, what is the motor speed? 2
(1720 rpm) POWER LOSSES IN DC MOTORS

TORQUE & POWER DEVELOPED IN A DC MOTOR Note: The losses in a dc motor are basically similar to a dc generator

Torque is a measure of how much force is acting on a rotating object. Total losses=Copper loss+ Stray power loss
Gross Torque is the torque developed by the armature Note: Stray power loss is equal to core loss plus friction and windage
loss. Stray power loss is sometimes called as constant loss.
P b= E b I a
MEASUREMENT OF STRAY POWER LOSSES
2 πNT
P= The dc machine (either a generator or a motor) is run light or without a
60 load at rated speed.

P = power, in watt (W) 2

Eb = back emf, in volt (V) Pstray =V s I a (NL)−I a (NL) R a(total)
Ia = armature current, in ampere (A)
N = speed of armature rotation, in rev/min (rpm) Vs = supply voltage, in volt (V)

Page 6 of 16
Ia = armature current, in ampere (A)
Ra(total) = total resistance in the armature circuit, in ohm
Problem 54. A shunt generator when running light as a motor at 1000
rpm takes an armature current of 5 A from 115 V mains. If the armature
resistance is 0.03 ohm, what is the stray power loss of this machine at
this particular value of flux and speed?
(574.25 W)
SPEED REGULATION
Speed regulation is the percentage rise in the speed of a motor when
the load on the motor is taken out.
No load speed −Fullload speed
% Speed Reg .=
Full load speed
N NL−N FL
% Speed Reg .=
N FL
SEPARATELY – EXCITED DC MOTOR
A separately-excited dc motor is a dc motor whose field winding is
excited from a separate dc source.
Eb =V s −I a Ra ; I s=I a
Vs = dc supply voltage, in volts (V)
Eb = back emf of the motor, in volt (V)
Ra = armature winding resistance, in ohms ()
Is = motor current drawn from the supply, (A)
Problem 55. A separately-excited motor runs at 1045 rpm, with a
constant field current, while taking an armature current of 50 A at 120 V.
The armature resistance is 0.1 . If the load on the motor changes such
that it takes 95 A at 120 V, determine the motor speed at this load.
(1004 rpm)
Problem 56. A 220-V, 1.5 kW, 900 rpm separately-excited dc motor has
armature resistance of 2.5  and it draws current of 8 A at rated load.
Assume losses remain constant between no-load and full-load
conditions, what will be the no-load speed of the motor?
(976.7 rpm) / 984.859 rpm
DC SHUNT-MOTOR
The armature and field windings of this motor are connected in parallel
across the supply voltage.
Vs
Eb =V s −I a Ra ; I s=I a + I sh ; I sh =
R sh
Note: In a shunt motor, the flux is assumed constant at any loading, if
not specified to vary.
Problem 57. A dc shunt motor takes 30 A from a 230 V mains. Its
efficiency is 80%. If the field resistance is 160  and an armature
resistance is 0.4 , find the iron and stray power losses.
(723 W)
Problem 58. A 220-V dc shunt motor runs at 800 rpm when the armature
current is 50 A. Armature winding resistance is 0.2 . Determine the
speed if the torque is doubled?
(762 rpm)
Problem 59. The field and armature winding resistances of a 400-V dc
shunt machine are 120  and 0.12 , respectively. Calculate the power
developed by the armature if the machine takes 50 kW while running as
a motor.
(46.89 kW)
Problem 60. A 220-V dc shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.2 
and a field resistance of 110 . At no-load, the speed is 1000 rpm and
the line current is 7 A. At full load, the input power is 11 kW. Solve the
speed at full load.
(960.7 rpm)
Problem 61. A dc shunt motor takes 2.5 A at no load from a 440 V
supply. The shunt field current is 0.8 A and the armature resistance is 1.2
. If the motor takes 32 A on full load from a 440 V supply, calculate the
BHP of the motor.
(15.84 hp)
DC SERIES MOTOR
The armature and field windings of this motor are connected in series
across the supply voltage.
Rse = resistance of the series field winding, in ohm
Eb =V s −I a ( R a+ Rse ) ; I s=I a
Note: In a series motor, flux  is proportional to the armature current.
T =k I a ϕ → but , ∅=k ' I a
' 2
T =k I a → for series motors
Problem 62. A 250 V dc series motor takes 30 A and runs at 900 rpm. The
armature resistance is 0.25 ohm and series field resistance is 0.2 ohm.
Calculate armature torque.
(75.28 N-m)
Problem 63. A 240 V dc series motor takes 40 A when giving its rated
output at 1500 rpm. Its total series resistance is 0.30 . Find what
resistance must be added to obtain rated torque at 1000 rpm.
(1.9 )
Problem 64. A series motor rated 440 V is taking 80 A and running at 840
rpm. Total resistance of the motor is 0.10 ohm. At what speed will the
motor run when developing half the torque?
(1194 rpm)
Problem 65. The field and armature resistance of a 220-V series motor
are 0.2  and 0.1  respectively. The motor takes 30 A of current while
running at 700 rpm. If the total iron and friction losses are 350 W,
determine the motor efficiency.
(90.61%)
DC LONG-SHUNT COMPOUND MOTOR
A compound motor is a combination of a shunt and a series motor. It
has two field windings, a series field and a shunt field. When the series
field windings are connected in series with the armature windings, the
compound motor is called long-shunt compound motor.
Vs
I s=I a + I sh ; I sh =
Rsh
Eb =V s −I a ( R a+ Rse )
Problem 66. The input current to a 220 V, long shunt compound motor at
no load is 6 A. The shunt field circuit resistance is 220 ; the armature
resistance is 0.10 , and the series field resistance is 0.08 . What is the
stray power loss?
(1095.5 W)
Problem 67. A long shunt compound motor draws 40 A from the 440 V
supply mains. The shunt field resistance is 220 , series field resistance is
0.2  and armature resistance is 0.3 . If the iron and stray power losses
are 1500 W, find the BHP developed.
(19.43 hp)
Problem 68. A long shunt compound motor draws 24 A at 400 V supply.
The armature, series field, and shunt field resistances are 0.6 , 0.4 ,
and 100 . respectively. The iron losses of the motor is 500 W. Calculate
the motor overall efficiency.
Page 7 of 16
(73.96%)
The purpose of the test is to determine the output power of the motor.

DC SHORT-SHUNT COMPOUND MOTOR Note: The scale reading is a unit of force

When the series field windings are connected in series with the supply T =( scale reading−dead weight ) x length of arm
terminals, the compound motor is called short-shunt compound motor.
Dead weight (sometimes called tare weight) – it is the weight of the arm
V which is included in the reading.
I s=I a + I sh ; I sh = sh
R sh
Problem 74. Determine the efficiency of a shunt motor from the
following test data:
V sh =V s−I s Rse Line current = 19.8 A
Line voltage = 230 V
Eb =V s −I s R se−I a R a Scale reading = 14 lbs
Dead weight = 2 lbs
Problem 69. A 220-V compound motor is connected short-shunt. At full Brake arm = 2 ft
load, the current in the series field is 60 A. Series field resistance = 0.05 Speed = 1100 rpm
; shunt field resistance = 109; armature resistance = 0.2 ; total (82.34%)
brush drop = 2 V; full load iron and & friction losses = 1230 W. Calculate
the full load efficiency. Problem 75. A dc motor is to be tested for its mechanical efficiency by
(80%) means of a rope brake. When the motor is running at 1200 rpm, the
longitudinal pull on the 6-inch diameter pulley is 60 lbs. The readings of
Problem 70. A 220-V dc short-shunt compound motor has an armature, the line ammeter and voltmeter are 30 A and 110 V, respectively. Solve
series field, and shunt field resistances of 0.2 , 0.1 , and 80  the efficiency.
respectively. If the armature current at rated load is 45 A, determine the (77.48%)
power developed in the armature.
(12.44 hp) Problem 76. The measured speed of a dc motor is 1100 rpm. The net
force registered on the scale used with a prony brake is 16 lbs. If the
TYPES OF COMPOUND MOTOR ACCORDING TO THE METHOD OF brake arm measured 28 inches, what is the horsepower output of the
COMPOUNDING THE FLUX motor?
(7.82 hp)
Cumulative compound – is one in which the series field is connected in
which the field due to it assists the field produced by the shunt field
winding. As the load increases, the speed decreases in the same way as
a series motor. When the load is released suddenly, the shunt field
prevents the motor from speeding up beyond safe vale.
PRACTICE PROBLEMS
Differential compound – is one in which the series field is connected in
which the field due to it opposes the field produced by the shunt field 1. A 4-pole shunt generator with lap connected armature having field
winding. It tends to keep the speed constant. This motor is less desirable and armature resistance of 50  and 0.10  respectively supplies sixty
than a cumulative compound motor. 100 V, 40 W lamps. Calculate the generated emf. Allow a total brush
drop of 2 V.
DC MOTOR STARTING a. 104.6 V c. 102.2 V
b. 110.3 V d. 106.4 V
At starting, the back emf is zero or not yet present thus causing the
armature current to become very high. To reduce the starting current to 2. A 5 hp, 120-V shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.10 , and
a safe level, a starting resistance (a rheostat) is connected in series to the a full load armature current of 40 A. Determine the value of the series
armature winding. resistance to be added to the armature to limit the starting armature
current to 150% of normal.
a. 2.7  c. 1.5 
Vs
I a(start )= b. 2.2  d. 1.9 
Ra + R
3. A long shunt compound generator supplies 100 A at a terminal
Problem 71. The rated line current of a 230-V shunt motor is 56 A. If the voltage of 250 V. The resistance of the armature, shunt field, and series
shunt field circuit resistance is 230  and the armature circuit resistance field are respectively 0.02 , 50 , and 0.05 . The bhp of the driving
is 0.15 . How much external resistance must be connected in the engine is 38. Calculate the stray power losses.
armature circuit to limit the current at starting to 125% full load a. 1220 W c. 1022 W
armature current? b. 1134 W d. 1326 W
(3.195 )
4. A series motor has a total resistance of 0.4  and takes a current of
Problem 72. A 5 hp, 120-V shunt motor has an armature resistance of 30 A at 100 V. Iron and friction losses amount to 500 W. Find the
0.10 , and a full load armature current of 40 A. Determine the value of commercial efficiency?
the series resistance to be added to the armature to limit the starting a. 77.1% c. 75.4%
armature current to 150% of normal. b. 73.2% d. 71.3%
(1.9 )
5. An 8-pole lap wound armature has 960 conductors and is run at 500
Problem 73. A 240V series motor takes 40 A when giving its rated output. rpm. If the flux per pole is 40 mWb, find the emf generated.
Its equivalent series resistance is 0.3 . Determine the resistance that a. 320 V c. 310 V
must be added to obtain rated torque at starting. b. 315 V d. 318 V
(5.7 )
6. A separately-excited dc generator has no-load output voltage of 120
PRONY BRAKE TEST V. Its equivalent armature resistance is 0.95 . If load rated 2000 W at
115 V is connected across its terminals, what power is delivered to the
Named after the French engineer-mathematician, and physicist, Baron load?
de Gaspard Francois Marie Ritchie Prony. a. 1665 W c. 1620 W

Page 8 of 16
b. 1720 W d. 1792 W a. 600 rpm c. 640 rpm
b. 575 rpm d. 625 rpm
7. A 4-pole, 220 V shunt motor has 540 lap wound conductors. It takes
32 A from the supply mains and develops output power of 5.595 kW. 19. A 120-V dc rated 5 hp has a field resistance of 50  and an circuit
The field winding takes 1 A. The armature resistance is 0.09  and the resistance of 0.80 . Approximately what starter resistance will be
flux per pole is 30 mWb. Calculate the torque developed in N-m. required to limit the armature at starting to 200% of rated armature
a. 62.8 c. 78.1 current? Assume a motor efficiency of 85%.
b. 66.5 d. 71.6 a. 0.962  c. 0.923 
b. 0.916  d. 0.956 
8. A six-pole generator develops 250 V when running at 1800 rpm. The
armature has 84 slots and a flux per pole of 1,653,000 maxwells. If the 20. A 25 kW, 250 V dc shunt generator has armature and field resistance
armature is wound with simplex lamp, how many conductors are there of 0.06  and 100  respectively. Determine the total armature power
per slot? developed when working as a motor taking 25 kW input.
a. 8 c. 4 a. 22.1 kW c. 21.4 kW
b. 10 d. 6 b. 23.8 kW d. 24.6 kW

9. A 250-V series motor takes 60 A. Armature resistance 0.08 , series 21. The rated line current of a 230-V shunt motor is 56 A. If the shunt
field resistance 0.06 . If the iron and friction losses are 10% greater field circuit resistance is 230  and the armature circuit resistance is
than the electrica lossess at this load, find the commercial efficiency at 0.15 . How much external resistance must be connected in the
this load. armature circuit to limit the current at starting to 125% full load
a. 92.9% c. 94.3% armature current?
b. 96.5% d. 98.7% a. 3.35  c. 3.20 
b. 3.18  d. 3.28 
10. A short shunt compound dc generator supplies 7.5 kW at 230 V. The
shunt field, series field, and armature resistance are 100, 0.3, and 0.4 , 22. Two dc shunt genertors, each with armature resistance of 0.02 
respectively. Calculate the induced emf. and field resistance of 50  run in parallel and supply a total current of
a. 253.8 V c. 259.6 V 1000 A to the load circuit. If their emf’s are 270 V and 265 V, their bus
b. 255.7 V d. 257.1 V bar voltage will be ___.
a. 270 V c. 265 V
11. Calculate the force that will be exerted on the scale in a prony brake b. 267.5 V d. 257.4 V
test when a 20-hp, 1400 rpm motor is operating at full load. The length
of the brake arm is 3 ft. and the tare weight of the brake is 3.75 lbs. 23. A 100-V series motor has R a = 0.20 , Rs = 0.25 . When a torque of
a. 27.68 lbs c. 25.47 lbs 27.1 N-m is applied to the pulley, the speed is 600 rpm. Stray power is
b. 28.76 lbs d. 24.75 lbs 300 W. What is the efficiency of the motor?
a. 81.2% c. 76.5%
12. A shunt generator supplies a load of 5.5 kW at 110 V through a pair b. 72.9% d. 83.6%
of feeder of total resistance 0.042 . Armature resistance is 0.1 ,
shunt field resistance 40 . Determine the generated emf. 24. The armature circuit resistance of a 25 hp, 250 V series motor is 0.1
a. 115.5 V c. 117.3 V , the brush volt drop is 3 V, and the resistance of the series field is
b. 116.2 V d. 120.3 V 0.05 . When the series motor takes 85 A, the speed is 600 rpm.
Calculate the speed when the current is 100 A.
13. A shunt motor operates at a flux of 25 mWb per pole, is lap wound, a. 590 rpm c. 505 rpm
and has 2 poles and 360 conductors. The armature resistance is 0.12  b. 545 rpm d. 581 rpm
and the motor is designed to operate at 115 V, taking 60 A in armature
current at full load. Determine its full load speed. 25. A six-pole wave wound armature has 250 conductors when driven at
a. 812.24 rpm c. 925.42 rpm 400 rpm, the emf generated is 260 V. What is the useful flux per pole?
b. 1031.11 rpm d. 718.66 rpm a. 50 mWb c. 52 mWb
b. 48 mWb d. 55 mWb
14. A shunt generator supplies 50 A at 100 V. The armature and shunt
resistances are 0.02  and 100 , respectively. If the copper losses are 26. The full load armature current of a 440-V shunt motor is 120 A. The
equal to the iron losses at this load, what is the percentage efficiency of effective armature resistance is 0.2  and the speed, 800 rpm. What will
the generator at this load? be the speed if the torque on the motor is reduced to 60% of its full load
a. 94.26% c. 93.56% value and a resistor of 1.5  is included in the armature in the armature
b. 95.15% d. 96.19% circuit, the field strength remaining the same.
a. 640 rpm c. 610 rpm
15. The armature of a dc motor running at 1200 rpm carries 45 A in b. 620 rpm d. 630 rpm
current. If the back emf is 130 V, what is the torque developed by the
armature? 27. A 4-pole 1200 rpm generator with a lap wound armature has 65 slots
a. 46.55 N-m c. 55.32 N-m and 12 conductors per slot. The flux per pole is 2 x 10 6 lines. Determine
b. 39.48 N-m d. 50.85 N-m the emf induced in the armature.
a. 318 V c. 314 V
16. Assuming constant field excitation, calculate the no-load voltage of a b. 312 V d. 316 V
separately-excited generator whose armature voltage is 150 V at a
speed of 1800 rpm, when the speed is increased to 2000 rpm. 28. A series motor of resistance 1  between terminals runs at 800 rpm
a. 133.33 V c. 166.7 V at 200 V with a current of 15 A. Find the speed at which it will run when
b. 154.5 V d. 144.5 V connected in series with a 15- resistance and taking the same current
at the same supply voltage.
17. The output of a certain shunt motor is 5 bhp when taking 50 A at 100 a. 482 rpm c. 642 rpm
V and running at 760 rpm. Armature resistance 0.06 , shunt field b. 545 rpm d. 476 rpm
resistance are 50 . Find the iron and friction losses.
a. 932 W c. 941 W 29. A 500 V shunt generator has a full load current of 100 A and stray
b. 926 W d. 954 W power losses being 1.5 kW. Armature and field resistances are 0.3  and
250 . Calculate the input power.
18. The armature of a 4-pole shunt generator is lap wound, has 128 a. 54.37 kW c. 56.22 kW
slots, 4 conductors per slot, R sh=48 , Ra = 0.04 , flux per pole = 48 b. 55.62 kW d. 57.18 kW
mWb. Find the speed of the machine when supplying 400 A at a terminal
voltage of 240 V.
Page 9 of 16
30. At what speed in rpm must the armature of a dc machine run to total voltage drop because of brush contact and armature reaction at
develop 572.4 kW at a torque of 4605 N-m? this load is 3.5 V. Determine the induced armature voltage.
a. 1145 rpm c. 1187 rpm a. 145 V c. 139 V
b. 1280 rpm d. 1028 rpm b. 124 V d. 136 V

31. A shunt generator delivers 50 A of current to a load at 110 V, at an 43. In a prony brake test of a dc motor, the speed of the motor is found
efficiency of 85%. The total constant losses are 480 W, and the shunt to be 910 rpm and the balance on a 0.61 m brake arm reads 11.9 kg. The
field resistance is 65 . Calculate the armature resistance. dead weight of the arm is found to be 1.09 kg. What is the output hp of
a. 0.110  c. 0.112  the motor?
b. 0.108  d. 0.114  a. 7.67 hp c. 6.64 hp
b. 8.26 hp d. 9.12 hp
32. A 6-pole wave wound armature has 640 conductors. If the flux per
pole is 16 mWb, at what speed must it be driven in order to generate 44. A shunt motor is taking 84 A at 100 V and delivering 9 hp. Armature
256 V? resistance is 0.05  and shunt field resistance is 25 . Find the iron and
a. 480 rpm c. 500 rpm friction losses.
b. 470 rpm d. 490 rpm a. 966 W c. 980 W
b. 926 W d. 995 W
33. In a 12-hp, 230 V, 1800 rpm shunt motor, the resistance of the
armature including brushes is 0.352  and that of the shunt field is 395 45. The terminal voltage of the shunt generator is 200 V and carries the
. The stray power when the motor delivers its rated load is 500 W. current of 150 A. The resistance of the armature and shunt field are 0.08
What is the input current at rated load and rated voltage?  and 40 , respectively. Calculate the generated emf in the shunt
a. 22.65 A c. 54.49 A generator.
b. 44.68 A d. 64.98 A a. 210.3 V c. 212.4 V
b. 208.8 V d. 206.6 V
34. A 250-kW, 230-V long-shunt compound generator is delivering 800 A
at 230 V. The shunt field current is 12 A. The armature resistance is and 46. A separately-excited six-pole generator has a 30-mWb flux per pole.
series field resistance is 0.002 . The stray power at this load is 5.5 kW. The armature is lap wound and has 534 conductors. This supplies a
Determine the efficiency at this load. certain load at 250 V while running at 1000 rpm. At this load, the
a. 93% c. 95% armature copper loss is 640 W. Calculate the load supplied by the
b. 89% d. 91% generator. Take 2 V as the total brush contact drop.
a. 10.67 kW c. 11.25 kW
35. A series motor takes 40 A at 220 V and runs at 800 rpm. Armature b. 11.05 kW d. 10.89 kW
resistance series field resistance is 0.1 . Iron and friction losses ½ kW.
Calculate the bhp 47. A 4-pole dc shunt motor, lap wound armature has 650 conductors.
a. 9.52 c. 11.39 The flux per pole is 30 mWb. Calculate the armature torque when the
b. 12.17 d. 10.48 armature current is 40 A.
a. 122 N-m c. 120 N-m
36. A shunt generator delivers 195 A at a terminal voltage of 220 V. b. 118 N-m d. 124 N-m
Armature resistance and shunt field resistance are 0.02 , and 44 
respectively. If the iron and friction losses amount to 1600 W, determine 48. A dc series motor having a resistance of 1  between terminals runs
the BHP of the engine. at 800 rpm at 200 V with a current of 15 A. At what speed will it run
a. 66.3 hp c. 64.4 hp when connected in series with a 5- resistance, the current maintained
b. 62.2 hp d. 60.5 hp at 15 A?
a. 462.8 rpm c. 480.4 rpm
37. A 440-V, dc series motor takes an armature current of 60 A when its b. 475.7 rpm d. 450.5 rpm
speed is 750 rpm. If the total equivalent resistance is 0.25 , calculate
the torque produced in N-m. 49. A lap wound DC machine has 400 conductors and 8 poles. The
a. 247.3 c. 324.7 voltage induced per conductor is 2 V. The machine generates a voltage
b. 372.4 d. 273.4 of ___.
a. 100 V c. 50 V
38. Calculate the voltage induced in the armature winding of a 4-pole, b. 180 V d. 200 V
wave wound, dc machine having 728 active conductors and running at
1800 rpm. The flux per pole is 30 mWb. 50. A shunt generator has a full-load current of 10 A at 220 V. Stray
a. 1310 V c. 1210 V losses are 1 kW and shunt field current is 12 A. The armature resistance
b. 1512 V d. 1620 V including brushes is 0.055 . Calculate the efficiency of the machine.
a. 83.5% c. 98.4%
39. A 240 V series motor takes 40 A when giving its rated output. Its b. 92.1% d. 90.1%
armature resistance is 0.30 . Find what resistance must be added to
obtain rated torque at starting. 51. A long shunt compound generator delivers a rated load current of 50
a. 3.6  c. 4.5  A at 250 V. The armature, series field, and shunt field resistances are
b. 5.7  d. 2.2  0.05 , 0.03 , and 100  respectively. Determine the induced emf.
Assume a brush contact drop of 1.5 V per brush.
40. A short-shunt compound generator supplies a current of 80 A at 110 a. 254.3 V c. 257.2 V
V. If the resistances of the armature, shunt field, and series field are b. 259.5 V d. 261.2 V
0.025 , 40 , and 0.02  respectively, calculate the induced emf.
a. 113.7 V c. 112.6 V 52. A 250 V dc series motor takes 30 A and moves at 900 rpm. The
b. 114.2 V d. 115.5 V armature resistance is 0.25  and series field resistance is 0.2 .
Calculate the armature torque
41. Calculate the torque developed when a current of 20 A passes a. 75.28 N-m c. 77.21 N-m
through the armature of a motor with the following particulars: 280 b. 73.48 N-m d. 71.33 N-m
conductors,lap winding, 4-poles, flux per pole 19.5 mWb.
a. 17.4 N-m c. 12.4 N-m 53. A 220 V DC motor develops 10 hp at 600 rpm. Efficiency of the motor
b. 16.2 N-m d. 20.4 N-m is 85%. Calculate the current taken from the mains.
a. 42 A c. 36 A
42. A self-excited shunt generator supplies a load of 12.5 kW at 125 V. b. 38 A d. 40 A
The field resistance is 25  and the armature resistance is 0.1 . The

Page 10 of 16
54. A short shunt compund generator supplies a load at 100 V, through a 66. A 220-V dc short-shunt compound motor has an armature, series
pair of feeder of total resistance 0.05 . The load consists of four field, and shunt field resistances of 0.2 , 0.1 , and 80 , respectively.
motors each taking 40 A and a lighting load of 200V, 60 W lamps. If the armature current at rated load is 45 A, solve the horsepower
Armature resistance 0.02 , series field resistance, 0.05 . Shunt field developed in the armature.
resistance 50 . Find emf generated. a. 15.63 hp c. 14.38 hp
a. 133.65 V c. 131.83 V b. 12.44 hp d. 11.77 hp
b. 135.29 V d. 137.41 V
67. In a dc machine running at 500 rpm, the hysteresis and eddy current
55. Calculate the voltage induced in the armature winding of a 4-pole, losses are 250 W and 150 W respectively. Find the speed at which the
lap wound, dc machine having 728 active conductors and running at core losses are reduced by 30%. Assume flux is constant.
1800 rpm. The flux per pole is 30 mWb. a. 398.2 rpm c. 372.8 rpm
a. 655.2 V c. 545.4 V b. 361.4 rpm d. 383.5 rpm
b. 493.6 V d. 385.2 V
68. A separately excited dc motor develops 700 N-m torque while
56. The output of a shunt generator is 500 A at a terminal voltage of 225 drawing 35 A current. Calculate the motor speed in rpm if the back emf
V. Armature resistance is 0.02 , shunt field resistance 50 . What is at 35 A armature current is 200 V.
the emf generated? a. 882 rpm c. 102.2 rpm
a. 214.9 V c. 235.1 V b. 112.4 rpm d. 95.5 rpm
b. 234.9 V d. 241.8 V
69. During the brake test on a dc shunt motor, the speed of the motor is
57. A 4-pole, lap wound, dc machine has 728 active conductors and found to be 900 rpm while the balance on a 3 ft brake arm reads 28.5 lb.
running at 1800 rpm. The flux per pole is 30 mWb. If the armature is The tare weight of the arm is known to be 2.3 lbs. Determine the output
designed to carry a maximum line current of 100 A, calculate the hp of the motor.
electromagnetic torque developed in the armature. a. 13.47 c. 15.08
Calculate the armature torque b. 10.75 d. 12.45
a. 347.6 N-m c. 278.2 N-m
b. 312.5 N-m d. 298.4 N-m 70. A short shunt compound generator supplies a load of 10 kW at 200 V
through a pair of feeder. Armature resistance, shunt field resistance, and
58. A shunt generator running at 1000 rpm has generateed emf of 200 series field resistance 0.10 , 52.5 , and 0.10 , respectively. If core,
V. If the speed increases to 1200 rpm, the generated emf will be nearly friction, and windage losses amount to 631 W, the BHP of the driving
___. engine is nearest to
a. 150 V c. 175 V a. 14.25 hp c. 16.08 hp
b. 240 V d. 290 V b. 15.16 hp d. 13.87 hp

59. A 15 hp, 250 V dc motor runs at the speed of 900 rpm. Find out the 71. A dc shunt motor takes 30 A from a 230 V mains. Its efficiency is
torque developed by the motor. 80%. If the field resistance is 160  and an armature resistance is 0.4 ,
a. 114 N-m c. 118 N-m find out the iron and stray power losses.
b. 116 N-m d. 112 N-m a. 698 W c. 702 W
b. 723 W d. 732 W
60. A 220-V series motor takes 10 A and runs at 600 rpm. Its total
resistance is 0.8 . At what speed will it run when 5  resistance 72. A 6-pole generator requires 4.5 A shunt field excitation to give rated
connected in series, the motor taking the same current at the same voltage at no load, and 7 A to give the same voltage at rated load of 200
supply voltage. A. There are 750 shunt field turns per pole. How many series turns must
a. 424 rpm c. 492 rpm be added to give flat compounded operation, using the short shunt
b. 476 rpm d. 458 rpm connection?
a. 9.4 turns c. 6.8 turns
61. A long shunt compound generator has full load output of 100 kW at b. 8.2 turns d. 7.7 turns
250 V. Armature resistance 0.05 . Series field resistance 0.03 . Shunt
field resistance 55 . Determine the emf generated. 73. A 230-V series motor develops torque of 310 N-m at 800 rpm. The
a. 261.52 V c. 272.61 V torque lost due to iron and friction loss is 10 N-m. If the efficiency is
b. 278.52 V d. 282.36 V 85%, determine the current taken by the motor at 800 rpm.
a. 122.64 A c. 145.23 A
62. A 60-hp, 230-V shunt motor has a shunt field resistance of 38.3  b. 131.81 A d. 128.57 A
and an armature resistance of 0.04 . If the resistance in the starter is
0.66 , calculate the current input to the motor at the instant it is 74. A 4-pole generator has 500 conductors on the armature. If the
started generator is running at 1200 rpm, find the average voltage generated
a. 324 A c. 331 A between brushes for a simplex wave winding. The total flux per pole is 1
b. 319 A d. 311 A x 106 lines.
63. The voltage of a dc shunt generator is 230 V at no load and 220 V at a. 100 V c. 200 V
full load. If the armature resistance is 0.05  and shunt field resistance is b. 180 V d. 150 V
100 , solve the load current of the generator.
a. 192.5 A c. 200 A 75. A shunt generator when running light as a motor at 1000 rpm takes
b. 195.5 A d. 197.8 A 12 A from 115-V mains. The field current is 7 A, and the armature
resistance is 0.03 ohm. Determine stray power loss of the machine at
64. A 240-V series motor takes 40 A when giving its rated output at 1500 this particular value of flux and speed.
rpm. Its resistance is 0.30 . Find what resistance must be added to a. 565 W c. 558 W
obtain rated torque at 1000 rpm? b. 574 W d. 550 W
a. 1.2  c. 2.7 
b. 1.9  d. 2.2  76. A lap connected separately-excited dc generator has 728 conductors
and 20 mWb flux per pole. The armature resistance is 0.1 . At what
65. A 4-pole, lap wound armature when driven at 600 rpm generates speed must the generator run to maintain 220 V at the terminals while
120 V. If the flux per pole is 25 mWb, find the number of armature supplying 50 A current to resistive load?
conductors. a. 909.5 rpm c. 916.8 rpm
a. 420 c. 500 b. 924.4 rpm d. 927.2 rpm
b. 480 d. 540
77. A 220-V, 7-hp dc shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.25 .
When running without load at 1200 rpm, the armature takes 6 A. Find
Page 11 of 16
the resistance which should be connected in series with the armature to is 0.10 ; and the series field resistance is 0.08 . What is the stray
reduce the speed of the motor to 600 rpm with 30 A to the armature. power loss?
a. 3.69  c. 3.23  a. 1185.6 W c. 1095.5 W
b. 3.16  d. 3.44  b. 1115.6 W d. 1052.5 W

78. A 4-pole simplex wave wound armature has 122 conductors and runs 90. A short-shunt compound generator delivers 100 A at a terminal
at 1200 rpm. If the flux per pole is 25 mWb, find the emf generated. voltage of 200 V. Armature resistance is 0.2 , series field resistance is
a. 120 V c. 125 V 0.04 , and shunt field resistance of 51 . Determine the emf
b. 122 V d. 118 V generated.
a. 221.4 V c. 216.2 V
79. Determine the value of torque established by the armature of a 4- b. 224.8 V d. 219.6 V
pole motor having 774 conductors, wave wound, 2.4 mega lines of flux
per pole, when the total armature current is 50 A. 91. The terminal voltage of a dc motor is 240 V and the armature current
a. 296 N-m c. 288 N-m is 60 A. The armature resistance is 0.08 . What is the horsepower
b. 284 N-m d. 292 N-m developed by the motor?
a. 15.89 hp c. 19.31 hp
80. Two identical shunt generators A and B are connected in parallel to b. 18.92 hp d. 24.21 hp
supply a total load current of 1000 A. Each machine has a field resistance
of 80  and an armature resistance of 0.02 . The induced emf of 92. Two dc shunt generators each having an armature resistance of 0.02
generators A and B are 250 and 240 V, respectively. Determine the  and a field resistance of 250  operated in parallel to supply a
current delivered by generator A. common load of 5000 A. Determine the common terminal voltage if the
a. 750 A c. 250 A induced emfs in the two machines are 500 V and 510 V, respectively.
b. 600 A d. 400 A a. 475 V c. 455 V
b. 500 V d. 425 V
81. A 460-V series motor runs at 500 rpm taking a current of 40 A.
Calculate the speed if the load is reduced such that the motor is taking 93. A 220 V, shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.4  and shunt
30 A. Total resistance of the armature and field circuit is 0.8 . Assume field resistance of 100 . Find the back emf when full load current is 15
flux is proportional to the field current. A.
a. 679 rpm c. 623 rpm a. 214.9 V c. 215.8 V
b. 631 rpm d. 620 rpm b. 216.6 V d. 213.7 V

82. A dc shunt generator supplies a load at 250 V. the armature 94. An 8-wave wound dc shunt generator, with 778 conductors while
resistance is 0.5  and the shunt field resistance is 100 . Solve the load running at 500 rpm supplies 12.5  resistive load at 250 V. The armature
supplied if the armature develops 271.25 V. resistance is 0.24  and the field resistance is 250 . Calculate the flux
a. 15 kW c. 12 kW per pole.
b. 11 kW d. 10 kW a. 9.83 mWb c. 12.11 mWb
b. 11.52 mWb d. 10.06 mWb
83. A 200-V shunt motor takes the current of 2.5 A at no load. The
armature resistance is 0.5 . At full load, the motor takes 40 A and 95. A 250 V dc series motor takes 30 A and moves at 900 rpm. The
speed is 1000 rpm. Calculate the speed at no-load. armature resistance is 0.25  and the series field resistance is 0.2 ohm.
a. 1104 rpm c. 1141 rpm Calculate the shaft torque of the motor, if iron and friction losses are
b. 1123 rpm d. 1061 rpm equal to 550 W.
a. 64.32 N-m c. 71.77 N-m
84. A shunt generator has an external characteristic such that the b. 77.51 N-m d. 69.44 N-m
terminal voltage falls uniformly from 450 V on open circuit to 440 V
when delivering 100 A. It is in parallel with a battery of 224 cells each of 96. The output of a shunt generator is 66 A at 100 V. Armature and field
emf 2 V. Internal resistance of battery 0.02 . Find the current delivered resistances are, respectively, 0.04  and 25 . If the efficiency at this
by the generator if the total load current served is 400 A. load is 88%, determine the core and friction losses.
a. 78.18 A c. 83.33 A a. 402 W c. 285 W
b. 81.12 A d. 85.67 A b. 304 W d. 596 W

85. A 400-V series motor, having an armature circuit resistance of 0.5 , 97. A separely-excited dc motor develops 700 N-m torque while drawing
takes 44 A of current while running at 650 rpm. What is the motor speed 35-A current. What is the torque at 70-A input current?
for a line current of 36 A? a. 2800 N-m c. 1400 N-m
a. 824.5 rpm c. 815.2 rpm b. 350 N-m d. 175 N-m
b. 820.5 rpm d. 802.8 rpm
98. Two shunt generators running in parallel supply a total load of 3600
86. A dc generator is being driven at 1,200 rpm, and generates an emf of A. Each machine has a field resistance of 60  and an armature
125 V. What will be the generated emf it the field flux is decreased by resistance of 0.01 . Calculate the bus bar voltage if the induced emf for
12% with the speed increased to 1,800 rpm? each machines are 455 and 460 V respectively.
a. 180 V c. 165 V a. 390.6 V c. 439.5 V
b. 145 V d. 170 V b. 420.2 V d. 450.8 V

87. A lap wound 4-pole shunt motor armature has a resistance of 0.25  99. A series motor develops 164 N-m of torque when the current is 94 A.
and has 600 armature conductors. The flux per pole is 4 mega lines. Find If the load increases the current 50% with the flux increase of 20%,
the speed of the motor when it takes 30 A from a 300 V supply. calculate the torque at the second value of current.
a. 731 rpm c. 737 rpm a. 295 N-m c. 254 N-m
b. 728 rpm d. 718 rpm b. 232 N-m d. 267 N-m

88. The terminal voltage of a 150 kW, shunt generator is 600 V. Calculate 100. A 4-pole lap wound armature having 320 conductors is run at 900
the generated emf when delivering its full load current. Armature rpm. If the flux per pole is 50 mWb, find the emf generated.
resistance is 0.08 , shunt field resistance 80 . a. 200 V c. 280 V
a. 618.2 V c. 621.2 V b. 320 V d. 240 V
b. 620.6 V d. 619.4 V
101. The power transmitted by a shaft of a dc motor is 20 hp. If the
89. The input current to a 220V, long shunt compound motor at no load torque is 222 N-m, what is the speed?
is 6 A. The shunt field circuit resistance is 220 ; the armature resistance a. 642 rpm c. 722 rpm
Page 12 of 16
b. 698 rpm d. 768 rpm
114. A generator whose terminal voltage falls uniformly from 240 V on
102. The output of a shunt generator is 24 kW at a terminal voltage of open circuit to 220 V when delivering 250 A is connected in parallel with
200 V. Armature resistance 0.05 Ω, shunt field resistance 40 Ω. If the a battery having a constant emf of 235 V and an internal resistance of
iron and friction losses equal to the copper loss at this load, find the bhp 0.1 Ω. Find the current supplied by the generator when the total
of the engine. external load is 250 A.
a. 34.5 hp c. 37.8 hp a. 152.21 A c. 161.29 A
b. 36.9 hp d. 40.2 hp b. 166.67 A d. 157.21 A

103. A dc shunt motor has an armature and field resistances of 1 Ω and 115. The torque measured at a pulley of a series motor is 130 N-m while
100 Ω respectively. The motor draws a line current of 10 A when the motor is taking 50 A at 200 V and runs 600 rpm. Armature resistance
connected from a 100 V supply. If the total mechanical loss is 90 W, is 0.3 Ω, series field resistance is 0.2 Ω. Find the iron and friction losses.
calculate the efficiency. a. 576 W c. 540 W
a. 75.2% c. 72.9% b. 590 W d. 582 W
b. 74.1% d. 77.6%
116. A dc machine has 4-pole, wave wound armature with 46 slots and
104. In a 12-pole triplex lap wound dc armature, each conductor can 16 conductors per slot. If the induced voltage in the armature is 480 V at
carry a current of 100 A. The rated current of this armature is ___. 1200 rpm, determine the flux per pole.
a. 600 A c. 1200 A a. 12.7 mWb c. 13.6 mWb
b. 2400 A d. 3600 A b. 10.2 mWb d. 16.3 mWb

105. A 10-hp 220 V dc shunt motor has an armature and field resistances 117. A 220-V shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.5 Ω and draws
of 0.25 Ω and 100 Ω respectively. The full load efficiency is 83%. current of 5 A at 600 rpm. If the field current is 1 A, calculate the speed
Determine the value of the starting resistance needed in order that the of motor when taking 30 A current.
starting current will not exceed 200% of full-load value. a. 542.5 rpm c. 531.6 rpm
a. 2.0  c. 2.6  b. 565.6 rpm d. 516.5 rpm
b. 1.8  d. 3.2 
118. A long shunt compound motor draws 40 A from the 440 V supply
106. A 10 kW, 250V self-excited shunt generator, when delivering rated mains. The shunt field resistance is 220 Ω, series field resistance is 0.2 Ω,
load, has an armature circuit voltage drop that is 5% of the terminal and armature resistance is 0.3 Ω. If iron and stray losses are 1500 W,
voltage and a shunt field current equal to 5% of rated load current. find BHP generated.
Determine the resistance of the armature circuit. a. 17.21 hp c. 19.43 hp
a. 0.154  c. 0.103  b. 21.29 hp d. 15.28 hp
b. 0.298  d. 0.221 
119. A dc series generator is supplying power to a 60 kW, 600 V lighting
107. A shunt motor runs at 1500 rpm on no load and reduced at 1200 load, through a 2-wire feeder of total resistance 0.5 Ω. The armature
rpm on full load. Find the speed regulation in percentage. and series field resistances are respectively 0.01 Ω and 0.02 Ω.
a. 20% c. 30% Determine the power generated in the armature.
b. 25% d. 35% a. 67.5 kW c. 65.3 kW
b. 68.2 kW d. 66.8 kW
108. A 4-pole dc generator with duplex lap winding has 48 slots. The flux
per pole is 2,500,000 maxwells and it runs at 1500 rpm. Find the output 120. A 220 V shunt motor takes an armature current of 60 A when
voltage? running at 800 rpm. It has an armature resistance of 0.1 Ω. Determine
a. 120 V c. 60 V the speed if the magnetic flux is weakened by 20%. Contact drop per
b. 110 V d. 180 V brush is 1 V. Total torque developed remains constant.
a. 863 rpm c. 928 rpm
109. A 240-V DC long-shunt compound motor draws a current of 50 A. b. 993 rpm d. 1020 rpm
The armature, series field, and shunt field resistances are 0.1 Ω, 0.2 Ω,
and 240 Ω respectively. Determine the efficiency of the motor. Assume a 121. The output of a shunt generator is 24 kW at a terminal voltage of
constant loss of 300 W. 200 V. Armature resistance 0.05 Ω, shunt field resistance 40 Ω. If the
a. 88.6% c. 82.6% iron and friction losses equal to the copper loss at this load, find the
b. 89.5% d. 86.2% overall efficiency?
a. 87.1% c. 88.2%
110. The emf generated by a shunt wound dc generator is 100 V. If the b. 86.3% d. 89.2%
field flux remains constant, while the speed of the generator is doubled,
the new emf generated will be __. 122. The bhp of a dc shunt motor is 10 and efficiency is 90%. Find the
a. 50 V c. 200 V current if the supply voltage is 250 V.
b. 400 V d. 100 V a. 24 A c. 36 A
b. 33 A d. 28 A
111. A 4-pole, 220-V DC series motor has a wave wound armature with
960 conductors. The flux per pole is 20 mWb, when the motor is taking 123. A 400 V shunt motor takes a current of 120 A and runs at 1000 rpm.
50 A. The resistance of armature and series field are 0.2 Ω each. Iron and The armature resistance is 0.2 Ω. Calculate the speed with the same
friction losses are 1000 W, find the BHP of the motor. torque if magnetic flux is reduced to 80% of the initial.
a. 14.38 hp c. 13.34 hp a. 1230 rpm c. 1260 rpm
b. 12.06 hp d. 11.82 hp b. 1240 rpm d. 1250 rpm

112. A 230-V, 15 kW, long-shunt compound generator has a shunt field 124. Two dc generators operating in parallel have linear characteristics.
with 1200 turns per pole and a series field with 4 ½ turns per pole. At One machine has terminal voltage of 270 V on no load and 220 V at a
load, the shunt field and series field ampere-turns are respectively 1200 load current of 30 A. The other machine has a voltage of 280 V on no
and 196. Calculate the power delivered to the load. load at 220 V at 40 A. Calculate the bus voltage when the load resistance
a. 9.45 kW c. 9.79 kW is 10 Ω.
b. 10.25 kW d. 11.36 kW a. 255.12 V c. 236.26 V
b. 224.82 V d. 249.37 V
113. A 10 bhp dc shunt motor is connected with 250 V supply. Its
efficiency is 93%. Calculate the motor current. 125. A 6-pole, simplex lap wound armature having 720 conductors,
a. 32 A c. 36 A rotates in field of 20.35 mWb. If the armature current is 78 A, what is
b. 34 A d. 30 A the torque developed by the armature?

Page 13 of 16
a. 156.4 N-m c. 203.2 N-m 137. The field current of a 180 kW, 250 V dc shunt generator is 6 A when
b. 116.2 N-m d. 181.9 N-m running full load at rated terminal voltage. If the combined armature
126. A short shunt compound generator supplies a load of 15 kW at 200 and brush is 0.02 , solve for the electrical losses of the generator.
V, through a pair of feeders of total resistance 0.1 Ω, armature a. 12,041 W c. 12,056 W
resistance is 0.04 Ω, series field resistance is 0.03 Ω, shunt field b. 11,050 W d. 10,520 W
resistance 80 Ω. What is the power loss in the armature circuit?
a. 214.5 V c. 216.5 V 138. A triplex lap wound armature is used in a 14-pole machine.
b. 218.3 V d. 212.8 V Calculate the number of paths in the armature.
a. 42 c. 14
127. A series motor rated 440 V is taking 80 A and running at 840 rpm. b. 28 d. 6
Total resistance of the motor is 0.1 Ω. At what speed will the motor run
when developing half the torque? 139. A 4-pole, 250 V dc series motor has an armature resistance of 0.3 
a. 1144 rpm c. 1194 rpm and series field resistance of 0.25 . The armature is lap wound and has
b. 1168 rpm d. 1240 rpm 672 conductors. If the flux is 25 mWb per pole and developed armature
torque is 348 N-m, calculate the speed of the motor.
128. A long shunt compound generator is connected with the terminal a. 637 rpm c. 662 rpm
voltage of 300 V and supplies the current of 80 A. The armature, series b. 628 rpm d. 631 rpm
field, and shunt field have resistance, 0.05 , 0.03 , and 60 ,
respectively. Calculate the generated emf in the armature. 140. How many parallel paths are there in the windings of an armature
a. 306.8 V c. 309.5 V wound duplex lap for four poles?
b. 308.3 V d. 307.7 V a. 4 c. 16
b. 18 d. 8
129. During the prony brake test on a dc shunt motor, the speed of the
motor is found to be 900 rpm while the balance on a 3 ft brake arm 141. A 6-pole, 220-V shunt motor has a wave connected armature with
reads 28.5 lb. The tare weight of the arm is known to be 2.3 lbs. 116 turns. Armature resistance including brushes is 0.25 . Armature
Determine the output hp of the motor. current is 12 A at a no load speed of 960 rpm. What is the useful flux per
a. 13.47 c. 12.45 pole?
b. 10.75 d. 15.08 a. 21.7 mWb c. 19.5 mWb
b. 24.2 mWb d. 28.2 mWb
130. The hysteresis loss of a dc machine is 300 W when the flux per pole
is 30 mWb and the machine is driven at 1000 rpm. How much is the loss 142. Two dc shunt generators A and B are rated at 100 and 150 kW at
if the field is adjusted to produce 50 mWb per pole while the speed is 110 V respectively. Their external load characteristics may be considered
reduced to 900 rpm? as straight line. The voltage drop in the terminal voltage from no-load to
a. 420 W c. 450 W full-load is 10 V for A and 20 V for B. Determine the operating voltage
b. 510 W d. 500 W when these generators are operated in parallel to supply a load of 220
kW.
131. A series generator delivers a current of 90 A at 240 V. Its armature a. 112.4 V c. 111.7 V
and series field resistances are 0.10  and 0.05  respectively. Find the b. 112.5 V d. 110.9 V
generated voltage.
a. 253.5 V c. 257.3 V 143. A dc shunt motor takes 30 A from a 230 V mains. Its efficiency is
b. 251.4 V d. 255.2 V 80%. Find out its output in hp.
a. 7.4 c. 8.8
132. The emf generated in the armature of a shunt generator is 625 V, b. 6.9 d. 8.3
when delivering its full load current of 400 A to the external circuit. The
field current is 6 A and the armature resistance is 0.06 . What is the 144. A supplies a load at 100 V, through a pair of feeder of total
terminal voltage? resistance 0.05 Ω. The total load consists of four motors each taking 40
a. 600.64 V c. 601.36 V A and a lighting load of 200, 600 W lamps. Armature resistance 0.02 Ω,
b. 649.36 V d. 648.64 V series field resistance 0.05 Ω. Shunt field resistance 50 Ω. Find emf
generated.
133. A dc shunt motor takes 2.5 A at no load from a 440-V supply. The a. 133.65 V c. 131.83 V
shunt field current is 0.8 A and armature resistance is 1.2 . If the motor b. 135.29 V d. 137.41 V
takes 32 A on full load from 440 V supply, calculate the BHP of the
motor. 145. A 400 V shunt motor takes a current of 120 A and runs at 1000 rpm.
a. 13.29 hp c. 14.14 hp The armature resistance is 0.2 Ω. Calculate the armature current if the
b. 16.55 hp d. 15.84 hp magnetic flux is reduced to 80% of the initial.
a. 180 A c. 200 A
134. A 4-pole, lap armature has 120 slots, four conductors per slot. The b. 140 A d. 150 A
flux per pole is 50 mWb and it generates 240 V. Find the speed.
a. 600 rpm c. 590 rpm 146. A dc series motor of resistance 1.5 Ω runs at 750 rpm at 220 V with
b. 490 rpm d. 550 rpm a current of 20 A. Find the speed at which it will run when connected in
series with a 4.5 Ω resistance and taking the same current.
135. A long shunt compound generator is rated 22 kW at 220 V. Its a. 348.2 rpm c. 412.5 rpm
armature, series field, and shunt field resistances are, 0.01 , 0.03 , b. 452.2 rpm d. 394.7 rpm
and 110 , respectively. The series field is shunted with a diverter
resistance of 0.02 . Find the generated emf in the armature. Assume a 147. A 500-V shunt motor running at 720 rpm takes an armature current
brush contact drop of 1.5 V per brush. of 50 A. Effective armature resistance 0.4 Ω. What resistance must be
a. 225.24 V c. 228.42 V placed in series with the armature to reduce the speed to 600 rpm, the
b. 224.82 V d. 227.65 V torque remaining constant?
a. 1.2 Ω c. 1.8 Ω
136. A short shunt compound generator supplies a load of 20 kW at 500 b. 1.6 Ω d. 2.4 Ω
V. The armature, series field, and shunt field resistances are 0.1 , 0.05
, and 100 , respectively. Find the induced emf. 148. A 250 V dc series motor has an armature resistance of 0.05 Ω and a
a. 506.5 V c. 504.2 V series field resistance of 0.02 Ω. It is running at a speed of 900 rpm while
b. 508.3 V d. 502.8 V taking a current of 30 A. Determine the speed when it takes a current of
25 A.
a. 1060.42 rpm c. 1081.52 rpm
b. 1192.62 rpm d. 1140.45 rpm
Page 14 of 16
149. A generator is being driven at 1200 rpm while generating an emf of 161. A 4-pole wave wound 200 V dc shunt motor has 700 conductors.
125 V. Determine the generated emf if the field flux is decreased by 10% The resistance of the armature is 0.02 Ω, and that of the shunt field is 50
with the speed increased by 10% Ω. Find the torque developed when it takes a current of 60 A. The flux
a. 112.5 V c. 101.25 V per pole is 30 mWb.
b. 123.75 V d. 125 V a. 382.52 N-m c. 373.96 N-m
b. 369.63 N-m d. 371.73 N-m
150. A short shunt compound generator supplies a load of 20 kW at 500
V. The armature, series, and shunt field resistances are 0.1 Ω, 0.05 Ω, 162. A shunt generator supplies 10 A at 200 V. The driving engine is
and 100 Ω respectively. Find the power developed in the armature. developing 32 bhp. Armature resistance 0.1 Ω and shunt field resistance
a. 24.6 kW c. 22.8 kW is 50 Ω. Find the iron and friction loss.
b. 20.5 kW d. 25.4 kW a. 1680 W c. 1880 W
b. 1770 W d. 1990 W
151. A 100 V shunt motor is developing 6 bhp and the overall efficiency
at this load is 86%. Armature resistance 0.06 Ω. Shunt field resistance 50 163. A 240-V dc motor on brake test took 52 A when running 1500 rpm.
Ω. Find the iron and friction losses. The spring balance at the end of the 76 cm brake arm reads 93.5 N.
a. 391 W c. 379 W Calculate the efficiency of the motor during the test.
b. 382 W d. 388 W a. 89.44% c. 86.17%
b. 91.22% d. 93.48%
152. A long shunt compound generator supplies 22 kW at 220 V. Its
armature, series field, and shunt field resistances are, 0.05 , 0.06 , 164. A 4-pole lap wound shunt generator supplies 50 lamps of 100 W,
and 110 , respectively. If the overall efficiency at the above load is 200 V each. The field and amature resistance are 50 Ω and 0.2 Ω
88%, find the iron and friction and losses. respectively. Allowing a brush drop of 1 V each brush, calculate the
a. 1416 W c. 1641 W current per path.
b. 1461 W d. 1614 W a. 29 A c. 7.25 A
b. 6.25 A d. 12.5 A
153. A six-pole, simplex wave wound armature has 250 conductors and
is run at 480 rpm. If the flux per pole is 40 mWb, find the emf generated. 165. A shunt generator gives 100 A at a terminal pd of 100 V, the speed
a. 220 V c. 230 V being 1200 rpm. Armature resistance 0.035 Ω. Field resistance 50 Ω.
b. 250 V d. 240 V What will be the speed of the machine when run as a mtor taking 102 A
at 100 V.
154. A 4-pole, lap wound, dc machine has 728 active conductors and a. 1118 rpm c. 1110 rpm
running at 1800 rpm. The flux per pole is 30 mWb. If the armature is b. 1112 rpm d. 1114 rpm
designed to carry a maximum line current of 100 A, what is the
maximum electromagnetic power developed in the armature. 166. A shunt motor running at 600 rpm takes 80 A at 250 V. Armature
a. 72.5 kW c. 68.2 kW resistance 0.1 Ω. Shunt field resistance 50 Ω. If the iron and friction
b. 65.5 kW d. 70.8 kW losses amount to 2188 W, determine the shaft torque.
a. 250 N-m c. 254 N-m
155. A dc series generator supplies a load of resistance of 1.4 Ω through b. 224 N-m d. 204 N-m
a pair of feeder of total resistance 0.1 Ω. The voltage at the dc generator
terminals is 120 V. What is the pd at the load? 167. A series motor takes 45 A at 210 V and runs at 750 rpm. The
a. 110 V c. 112 V horsepower output is 10, the series field resistance 0.2 Ω, armature
b. 114 V d. 115 V resistance 0.3 Ω. Determine the iron and friction losses.
a. 978 W c. 896 W
156. A 4-pole shunt generator has 51 slots, each having 24 conductors b. 942 W d. 992 W
with a wave wound armature. The flux per pole is 0.01 Wb. At what
speed the armature should be driven to give an induced emf of 220 V? 168. The dc shunt generator delivers 125 A load current at 250 V.
a. 484 rpm c. 539 rpm Estimate the emf induced if the armature resistance is 0.05 Ω and shunt
b. 516 rpm d. 497 rpm field resistance is 50 Ω.
a. 256.5 V c. 253.3 V
157. A shunt motor designed to operate at 115 V, has an armature b. 254.1 V d. 255.1 V
resistance of 0.12 Ω and the motor is taking 60 A in armature current at
full load. Determine the value of the external resistance to be inserted in 169. If the power transmitted by the shaft of a dc shunt motor is 50 hp
the armature circuit so that the armature current shall not exceed twice while the speed being 480 rpm, what is the torque?
its full load value at starting. a. 702 N-m c. 780 N-m
a. 0.838 Ω c. 0.667 Ω b. 742 N-m d. 726 N-m
b. 0.919 Ω d. 0.733 Ω
170. The armature of a 230-V shunt motor has a resistance of 0.18 Ω. If
158. A 50 kW, 250 V short shunt compound generator has the following the armature current is not to exceed 76 A, calculate the resistance that
data: Ra=0.06 Ω, Rse=0.04 Ω, and Rf=125 Ω. Calculate the induced must be inserted in series with the armature at the instant of starting.
voltage at rated load and terminal. Take 2 V as the total brush contact Assume a 2-V drop at the brushes.
drop. a. 2.82 Ω c. 2.45 Ω
a. 275.3 V c. 272.2 V b. 2.36 Ω d. 2.58 Ω
b. 278.4 V d. 270.8 V
171. The number of parallel paths in triplex lap wound, 12-pole dc
159. The field and armature resistance of a 220-V series motor are 0.2 Ω generator is ___.
and 0.1 Ω respectively. The motor takes 30 A of current while running at a. 12 c. 24
700 rpm. If the total iron and friction losses are 350 W, determine the b. 36 d. 6
motor efficiency.
a. 92.2% c. 90.6% 172. A 900 rpm, 6-pole generator has a simplex wave winding. There are
b. 93.4% d. 91.8% 300 conductors on the armature. The poles are 10 inches square and the
average flux density is 50 000 Maxwells per square inch. Determine the
160. Determine the flux per pole of a six-pole generator required to emf induced between the brushes.
generate 240 V at 500 rpm. The armature has 120 slots, with 8 a. 664 V c. 675 V
conductors per slot, and is simplex lap connected b. 640 V d. 610 V
a. 0.05 Wb c. 0.04 Wb
b. 0.03 Wb d. 0.06 Wb
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173. A 250 V series motor in which the total armature and field
resistance 0.15 Ω is working with unsaturated field taking 120 A and
running at 750 rpm. Calculate at what speed the motor will run when
developing half the torque?
a. 1084.6 rpm c. 1049.6 rpm
b. 1072.2 rpm d. 1063.2 rpm

174. A certain load to be driven at 1750 rpm requires a torque of 60 lb-

ft. What horsepower will be required to drive the load?
a. 24 hp c. 30 hp
b. 20 hp d. 28 hp

175. A short shunt compound generator supplies 100 A at 110 V. The

armature, series, and shunt field are 0.02 Ω, 0.01 Ω, and 50 Ω
respectively. Find the induced emf.
a. 112.21 V c. 113.04 V
b. 118.32 V d. 115.18 V

176. A 250 V shunt motor on no load runs at 1000 rpm and takes 5 A.
The total armature and shunt field are respectively 0.2 Ω and 250 Ω.
Calculate the speed when loaded and taking a current of 50 A, if
armature reaction weakens the field by 3%.
a. 994 rpm c. 972 rpm
b. 981 rpm d. 965 rpm

177. A shunt generator has a full load current of 196 A at 220 V. The
stray losses are 720 W and the shunt field coil resistance is 55 Ω. It has a
full load efficiency of 88%. Find the armature resistance.
a. 0.205 Ω c. 0.03 Ω
b. 0.153 Ω d. 0.107 Ω

178. A dc shunt generator supplies a load of 7.5 kW at 200 V. Calculate

the induced emf if the armature resistance is 0.6 Ω and shunt field
resistance is 80 Ω.
a. 226 V c. 224 V
b. 228 V d. 230 V

***END***

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