DC Motor Hand-Outs

FRANCISCAN ENGINEERING REVIEW PROGRAM ELECTRICAL
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING - DC (MACHINES
- DC MACHINES GENERATOR / MOTOR) SEPTEMBER
SUMMER 2019 2020
a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

GENERATOR a = m P ( if simplex lap winding ) Z  2m y  yf
- A machine that converts the inter – action of mechanical energy a = 2 m ( if simplex wave winding ) y y b
and magnetic energy into electrical energy. P 2
- A dynmo is an example of simple generator . m = multiplicity
m = 1 ( if simplex ) , m = 2 ( if duplex )
y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
Magnetism PARTS OF A DC MACHINE ( GENERATOR ) Z = no. of winding elements on the surface
Input Output of armature core
1. Stationary part - Produces magnetic flux
Generator Nb = 2 ( wave winding )
2. Rotating part
FARADAY’S LAW OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION - Armature responsible of converting mechanical energy into
electrical energy
“ Whenever a conductor cuts magnetic flux, dynamically it induces Sample Problems
an emf “ according to the formula TYPES OF ARMATURE WINDINGS
- Armature windings usually uses closed coil type than the open 1. A 4 pole, lap – wound dc armature, the back pitch is 17, if the
coil type. There are two types of closed coil type namely : winding is progressive what is the front pitch ?
a) 32 b) 15 *
1. Ring winding c) 17 d) 13
PNZ
E  =kN 2. Drum winding 2. A 4 pole dc generator with duplex lap winding has 48 slots and
60 a a) lap winding – ( for low voltage, high current generator ). The four element per slot. The flux per pole is 2.5 x 106 maxwells and
finish of each coil is connected to the start of it runs at 1,500 rpm. What is the output voltage ?
the next coil so the winding pitch or a) 60 volts * b) 360 volts
Comparison of emf formula: commutator pitch is unity or one. c) 225 volts d) 120 volts
3. A 4-pole wave wound dc generator has 50 slots and 24 conductors
yb  y f  2m
E2 N  per slot. The flux per pole is 10 mWb. Determine the induced emf in
= 2 2
E1 N1 1 the armature, it it is rotating at a speed of 600 rpm.
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
yb = back pitch ( should be an odd. no. )
yf = front pitch ( should be an odd. no. ) 4. A 4-pole, simplex lap wound, direct current armature has 48 slots
Where : E = generated or induced emf per parallel path + = if the winding is progressive containing 48 coils, each of 10 turns. The flux per pole in the field
E  K N  ( if P , Z and a is considered constants ) - = if the winding is retrogressive structure for this armature, is 500,000 lines. Calculate the speed for
this machine in order that its generated emf be 220 V.
P = Number of Poles a) 2,750 rpm* b) 2,550 rpm c) 2,250 rpm d) 2,000 rpm
Nb = P ( lap winding ) hint: z = 48 (10) (2) = 960 conductors multiply by two kay a = mP =
 = Flux per pole in Weber 8 so in every pole 2 parallel paths or two conductors per element
–8
( 1 Maxwell = 1 x 10 Wb ) Nb = Number of brushes 5. When a generator is being driven at 1,200 rpm, the generated emf
P = No. of poles is 125 volts. What will be the generated emf if the field flux is
MOTOR Z = Total number of conductors Motor Speed formulabyand force
decreased 12% withdevelop in aincreased
the speed conductortoof1,800
a DC rpm?
motor :
- = Number
A machine that convertsofthe
slots x no.
inter of conductors
– action per energy
of electrical slot b) wave winding – ( for high voltage, low current generator ). a) 135 V b) 145 V c) 155 V d) 165 V*
and magnetic energy into mechanical energy. Principle of operation : The finish of the coil is connected to the hint: φ2N= =( 1 – 0.2 ) φ1
- N =operating
A generator Rotational orreverse
in a armature speed. in rpm
manner start of another coil away from the first coil.
When a conductor carrying current is placed in a magnetic field, 60a(Eb ) F = BIL
emf is procured in which the direction is opposite to the main voltage PZ
Elect’l Mech’l corresponding to Lenz’s Law. The mechanical force is experienced
Magnetism by the conductor, the direction of which is given by Fleming’s left- Where : N = speed in rpm
Input Output hand rule. a = number of armature current paths
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
P = number of poles NOTES : P = No. of poles 3. Counter emf What
is 125 volts. can never bethe
will be equal to, and emf
generated mustif always
the fieldbeflux
less
is than,
Z Z= number
= Totalofnumber of conductors
conductors thedecreased
voltage impressed
by 12% withacross
the the armature
speed terminals.
increased to 1,800 rpm?
= Number of slots
 = flux per pole in weber x no. of conductors per slot b) the
1. When wave windingrotates,
armature – ( for high voltage, low
the armature current generator
conductors continually). a) 135 V b) 145 V c) 155 V d) 165 V*
Eb = back emf or counter emf in volt The finish
cut through the magnetic field, of the coil
and because of is connected
such to the
flux cutting, 4. hint:
Rotation
φ2 = of( 1a –motor
0.2 ) can
φ1 reversed by reversing the current through
F N= Force
= Rotational or armature speed in rpm
in Newton voltages are generated in start of another
the very coil away from the first coil.
same conductors. either the armature winding or the field coils. If the current through
B = Magnetic Flux density in Tesla both are reversed, the motor will continue to rotate in the same
I = Armature Current in Ampere 2. The counter emf opposes the impressed voltage, and this respect, direction.
L = Length of wire conductor in Meter serves to limit the current in the armature winding to a value just
The Counter-Electromotive Force or Back Emf ( Eb ) sufficient to take care of the power requirements of the motorl Torque formula develop in a dc motor :
T =  Pd 
PZIa T = 9.55  
N
6.283a
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
 = flux per pole P in= weber
No. of poles is 125 volts. What will be the generated emf if the field flux is
Z = Total number of conductors a = Number of armature parallel paths decreased by 12% with the speed increased to 1,800 rpm?
= Number of slots x no. of conductors per slot b) N wave winding
= speed of –armature
( for highrotation
voltage, low current generator ). a) 135 V b) 145 V c) 155 V d) 165 V*
The finish of the coil is connected to the Where
hint: :φ2k =f and
( 1 –k0.2
s =) φ
constant of proportionality
1
N = Rotational or armature speed in rpm from those formulas above, start
we of another
can coila,away
consider from
P and Z tothe
befirst coil. N f = field winding number of turns
Where : T = torque in newton-meter constant , hence the following relation is important is dc motors I f = field current
Pd = power develop inside the armature
Pd = E b Ia SPEED CONTROL OF A DC MOTOR
P = Number of poles E
Z = Number of conductors   k f If Nf N  ks b Pd  Eb Ia

SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
E connected in series P with=the
No.field
of poles
winding, the flux can be varied is 125 volts. What will be the generated emf if the field flux is
Z a dc
The speed of = motor
Total number
is given of
byconductors
: N = k thereby changing the speed.
 decreased by 12% with the speed increased to 1,800 rpm?
= Number of slots x no. of conductors per slot b) wave winding – ( for high voltage, low current generator ). a) 135 V b) 145 V c) 155 V d) 165 V*
It is clear from the equation that the speed of dc motor can be varied 2. The In
Rheostat control method. finish
thisof the coilaisvariable
method, connected to the
resistance hint: φ2 = ( 1 – 0.2 ) φ1
by changingNeither= Rotational or armature
flux or armature currentspeed in rpmvoltage. The
or terminal R is inserted in seriesstart
with of
theanother coilcircuit.
armature away from the first coil.
speed may be controlled by one of the following methods :
Horse power output of a DC motor can be evaluated according SAMPLE PROBLEMS
1. Flux control method. For a dc motor, the speed is inversely to the formula :
proportional to flux. Therefore, if a variable resistance R is 1. Copper conductors were inserted into the slots of the rotor in an
2NT(ft lb) 2NT(Nm) electric motor. Each slot has 24 conductors. The average length of the
Hp = Hp =
33,000 44760
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
rotor is 40 cm with a mean diameter of 30 cm. If the flux density in P = No. of poles speed of the
is 125 motor
volts. Whatif the
will armature and fieldemf
be the generated resistance areflux
if the field 0.3isand 0.1
the airgap isZ2.5 =Tesla,
Totalwhat
number ofequivalent
is the conductorstorque exerted by the 3. A 250 volt dc shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.2 ohm respectively.
decreased by 12% with the speedanswer:
increasedN2 =
to594 rpm
1,800 rpm?
wires per slot if each of them carries ano.
= Number of slots x of conductors
current of 10 A ?per slot ohms.b) At wave
rated winding
load, the–armature
( for highdraws
voltage, low current
a current of 55generator
A while ). a) 135 V b) 145 V c) 155 V d) 165 V*
answer: 36 N-m running at a speed of 1200The finish
rpm. of load
At no the coil
the is connected
armature to the
current falls 5. hint:
A 120φ2V=series motor
( 1 – 0.2 ) φwith
1 an equivalent armature circuit resistance
N = Rotational or armature speed in rpm start ofweakens
to a 4 A. If the armature reaction another coil
the away
flux byfrom
3% the first coil.
at full-load, of 0.6 ohms takes 45 Amperes when running at a speed of 580 rpm.
2. The armature of a 4-pole dc shunt motor has a lap connected determine the no-load speed of the motor. answer: 1,213 rpm Determine the speed of the motor if the load is reduced until the
armature winding with 740 conductors. The no-load flux per pole is armature current drops to 30 A and the field flux is proportional to the
30 mWb. If the armature current is 40 A and the effect of armature 4. A 440-V, 750 rpm series motor draws a current of 75 A when armature current. answer: 954.2 rpm
reaction at this current is to reduce the air gap flux per pole by 4%, running at its rated load. When the load torque is doubled, the
determine the torque developed. answer: 135.6 N-m current drawn by the motor becomes 125 A. Calculate the new TYPES OF DC MOTORS
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
A. The SeriesZ Motor
= Total number of conductors I = Pin / V ; If = Vf / Rf 3. decreased
Speed Regulation
by 12% with the speed increased to 1,800 rpm?
= Number
The armature coils andof slots
the x no.
shunt of coils
field conductors per slot in
are connected b) wave winding – ( for high voltage, low current generator ).
- a)The
135degree
V ofb)change
145 V in speed c)
by 155
the application
V of load
d) 165 V*
series . 2. Voltage The finish of the coil is connected to the hint: φ2 = ( 1N1– 0.2
N2) φ1
N = Rotational or armature speed in rpm start of another coil away from the first coil. % Reg. = x100
If N2
Circuit Analysis I V = E + I a Ra + I f Rf
V = E + I a ( Ra + R f ) N1 = speed at no load
1. Current N2 = speed at full-load
V IA V = supply voltage
Ia = If = I E = motor back emf 4. Power
RA E
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
a) input ( Pin ) P iN = V I P = No. of poles is 125 volts. What will be the generated emf if the field flux is
Z (=P Total
b) output number of conductors
o ) P o = P iN - PL 6. Speed comparison 7. Torque comparison Circuit Analysis
decreased by 12% with the speed increased to 1,800 rpm?
= Number
a) Power develop in the of slots x no. of
armature ( Pconductors
D)
per slot b) wave winding – ( for high voltage, low current generator ). a) 135 V b) 145 V c) 155 V d) 165 V*
PD = E I a The finish of the coil is connected
2 to the 1. hint:
Current
φ2 = ( 1 – 0.2 ) φ1
N = Rotational or armature speed in rpm N2 E2Ia1 T2 away
start of another coil  Ia2from
 the first coil.
  
N1 E1a2
I
5. Efficiency I T1  Ia1  I = If + I a
I
f
IA
a) Commercial Efficiency b) Electrical Efficiency B. The Shunt Motor I = Pin / V
- The armature coils and the shunt field coils are connected in
% e = ( Po / Pin ) x 100 % ee = ( Po / PD ) x 100 parallel V R R E If = V f / R f
f A
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
N1  N2 P = No. of poles is b)
125 output ( P o )will
volts. What P obe=the P iNgenerated
- PL emf if the field flux is
2. VoltageZ = Total number of conductors % Reg. =
N2
x100 b) Power
decreased bydevelop
12% with in the
the speed
armature ( PD) to 1,800 rpm?
increased
= Number of slots x no. of conductors per slot b) wave winding – ( for high voltage, low current generator ). a) 135PVD = E Iab) 145 V c) 155 V d) 165 V*
V = E + I a Ra The finish of the coil is connected to the hint: φ2 = ( 1 – 0.2 ) φ1
N = Rotational or armature speed in rpm N1 = speed at no load start of another coil away from the first coil. 5. Efficiency
V = Vf N2 = speed at full-load
a) Commercial Efficiency b) Electrical Efficiency
3. Speed Regulation 4. Power
The degree of change in speed by the application of load % e = ( Po / Pin ) x 100 % ee = ( Po / PD ) x 100
a) input ( Pin ) P iN = V I
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
6. Speed comparison 7. Torque comparison P = its
b. For the same current input, No.starting
of poles
torque is not as high as (isex.
125Cranes, hoists,
volts. What willelevators etc. )
be the generated emf if the field flux is
Z = Total number of conductors that of a series motor. d. Should not by
be 12%
used with
where
decreased thethere
speedis increased
a possibility
to of the load
1,800 rpm?
= Number of slots x no. of conductors per slot b)used
c. It is wave winding – ( for
in applications highthe
where voltage,
speedlow
hascurrent generator ).
to be maintained decreasing
N2 E2 T2 Ia2 a) 135 V to a b) very
145small
V value. c) 155 V d) 165 V*
  approximately constant.The finish of the coil is connected to the
N1N E=1 Rotational or armature speed in
T1rpmIa1 hint: φ2 = ( 1 – 0.2 ) φ1
start of another coil away from the first coil.
Series motors: DC Motor Starting
Comparison of Shunt and Series Motors a. Have relatively huge starting torque.
b. Have low speed at high loads and dangerously high speed at low - The current delivered to the motor at the instant of starting is very
Shunt motors: loads. high since the counter emf at this point is zero.
a. Speed of a shunt motor is sufficiently constant. c. It is used in applications where large starting torque is required
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
Z = Total number of conductors C. Compound motor
supply voltage V decreased by 12% with the speed increased to 1,800 rpm?
Is = = Number of slots x no. of conductors
= per slot b) wave winding – ( for high voltage, low current generator ).
armature circuit resistance Ra + R a) 135 V b) 145 V c) 155 V d) 165 V*
The finish of theShort
Long Shunt Connection coil is connected
Shunt to the
Connection hint: φ2 = ( 1 – 0.2 ) φ1
N = Rotational or armature speed in rpm R start of another coil away from the first coil.
S
I IA
Where : V = voltage impressed across the motor terminals ( volt ) Rf Rf RS
Ra = armature circuit resistance ( ohm ) 1. Current :
R = resistance of the current limiting resistor ( starting )
V I
ohm. IA If I E I = I a + If / I a = I s I = I a + If / I = I s
If
E V
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
P = No. of poles P =E I
is 125 volts. What will be the generated emf if the field flux is
D B A
2. Voltage Z
: = Total number of conductors Notes:
= Number of slots x no. of conductors per slot Powerb) Stage
waveDiagram
winding –of( a
forMotor
high voltage, low current generator ). a) 135 V b) 145 V c) 155 V d) 165 V*
V = E + I s Rs = V f V + I s Rs = E = V f The finish of the coil is connected to the a. The losses taking place in the motor are the same as in generators,
hint: φ2 = ( 1 – 0.2 ) φ1
N = Rotational or armature speed in rpm start of anotherincoil
Various stages of energy transformation away and
a motor fromalso
the the
first coil. that is the copper, magnetic and the mechanical losses.
3. Speed comparison 4. Torque comparison various losses occurring in. b. A – B = Copper Losses, and B – C = iron and friction losses
A B C c. The condition for maximum efficiency is that the armature copper

N2  E2   1  T2  Ia2   2 
       losses are equal to the constant losses.
N1  E1   2  T1  Ia1   1  Motor Input Copper Losses Driving Power Iron & Friction Output on Watts
PIN = V I in armature PO or BHP (746 ) d. Power losses such as iron losses and copper losses are determined
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
in the same way as with generators. 6. A 220 V dc shunt motor P has= No.an of poles resistance and field
armature the
is instant
125 volts.itWhat
is started. Assume
will be a 4 volt emf
the generated dropifinthe
thefield
brushes.
flux is
Z = Total number of conductors resistance of 0.25 and 100 ohms respectively. At rated load, the answer: 183.3 A with the speed increased to 1,800 rpm?
e. Constant or rotational losses = VxNLno. ( Ia NL )2 Ra per slot
Ia NLof–conductors decreased by 12%
= Number of slots b) wave
motor takes winding
a current– of
( for
40high voltage, low
A. Determine thecurrent
value ofgenerator ).
the starting a) 135 V b) 145 V c) 155 V d) 165 V*
The finish
resistor to be used in order of armature
that the the coil is current
connected to the
will not be 8. The
hint:output
φ2 = (of 1–a 0.2
certain
) φ1shunt motor is 5 BHP when taking 50 A at
Where: VNNL ==Voltage at noorload
Rotational armature speed in rpm more than 200% of thestart of another
full load value. coil away2.66
answer: fromohms
the first coil. 100 volts. The armature and shunt field resistance are 006 ohms
Ia NL = Armature current at no load
and 50 ohms respectively. Find the constant loss of the machine.
7. A 5 Hp, 230 V long shunt motor has shunt field resistance of 92 answer: 931.76 Watts
ohms, a series field resistance of 0.14 ohms and an armature
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
winding resistance of 0.26 ohm. If the resistance of the starting 9. A 5-Hp 230 V shunt motor has an armature and field resistance of
resistor is 0.85 ohm, calculate the current input to the motor at 0.175 ohms and 610 ohms respectively. If the stray losses amount
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
to 305 Watts, determine the input power at rated load. the full load efficiencyPand
= the
No. speed
of poles regulation of the motor. is 125 volts. What will be the generated emf if the field flux is
Z =WTotal number of conductors
answer: 4,177 answer: a) 1949.4 rpm b) % e = 79%, SR = 2.6% 13. A dc shunt motor develops 15 Hp, 120 V. The armature is
= Number of slots x no. of conductors per slot b) wave winding – ( for high voltage, low current generator ). 0.061 ohms. What is the armature current ?
a) 135 V b) 145 V c) 155 V d) 165 V*
10. A 550 volts long shunt compound motor has an armature 11. The armature and fieldThe finishofofa the
circuits 230coil
VDCisshunt
connected
motor to the
have hint: φ2 = ( 1 – 0.2 ) φ1
resistanceN of=0.815
Rotational
ohm, aorseries
armature
fieldspeed
of 0.15inohm,
rpm and a shunt resistance of 0.31 andstart of another
115 ohms coil awayIt from
respectively. takesthe
52first coil. 14. A 10-kw – 250 V separately excited generator has an armature
field of 110 ohms. The full load speed is 1,900 rpm when the Amperes when operating at a certain load. What is the motor A field resistance of 0.1 ohm and 150 ohms respectively. The
armature current is 25 A. (a) at what speed will the motor Hp output ? exciter voltage is 200 V and stray power loss is 500 watts.
operate at no load if the armature current drops to 3 A with a 12. ( BP Apr. 2003 ) Evaluate the following:
corresponding rise in flux by 2% of the full load value ? ( assume A dc shunt motor develops 15 Hp at 120 volts The armature a) Induced EMF b) Generator Efficiency
5 volt brush drop at full load and 2 volts at no load ) (b) Calculate efficiency is 95%. What is the counter emf ? c) Electrical Efficiency
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
15. A 15 kw – 250 V series generator has a field and armature P = No. of poles
Z of=0.08
resistance Total number
ohms of conductors
and 0.125 ohms respectively. The
You cannot feel the pain not until you fail ! ! is 125 volts. What will be the generated emf if the field flux is
core loss is 800 W, Friction andxwindage
= Number of slots no. of conductors
loss is 200per slot
watts b) wave winding – ( for high voltage, low current generator ). a) 135 V b) 145 V c) 155 V d) 165 V*
and stray loss is 100 W. The finish of the coil is connected to the hint: φ2 = ( 1 – 0.2 ) φ1
N =the
a) determine Rotational
electricalorefficiency
armatureif speed
underinloaded
rpm by 30% start of another coil away from the first coil.
at the same terminal voltage. PRACTICE PROBLEMS DC MOTORS
b) Determine the regulation and efficiency at full-load.
1. A 500 V shunt motor takes a total current of 100 A and runs at
1200 rpm. If the shunt field resistance is 50 ohms, the armature
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
resistance is 0.25 ohms and the iron, friction and windage losses P =the
3. In a test on a dc motor, No. of polesdata was obtained. Supply
following A. 87% C. 92%emf if the field flux is
is 125 volts. What will be the generated
amount to 2ZkW,=determine
Total number of conductors
the overall efficiency of the motor. voltage: 500 V, current taken from the supply 42.2 A, speed 850 B. 85%
decreased by 12% with the speedD.increased
90% to 1,800 rpm?
A. 89.15% = Number of slots xC.
no. of conductors per slot
81.95% rpm. b) wave
Shaft winding
torque 187 –N-m.
( for high voltage,
Determine thelow current generator
efficiency ).
of the motor a) 135 V b) 145 V c) 155 V d) 165 V*
B. 85.91% D. 86.25% correct to the nearest 0.5%.The finish of the coil is connected to the 5. A series motor drives a load at 1500 rpm and takes a current of
hint: φ2 = ( 1 – 0.2 ) φ1
N = Rotational or armature speed in rpm A. 78.5% start of another coil away from the first coil.
C. 75.8% 20A when the supply voltage is 250 V. If the total resistance of the
2. A 250 V, series wound motor is running at 500 rpm and its shaft B. 85.7% D. 87.5% motor is 1.5 Ω and the iron, friction and windage losses amount to 400
torque is 130 N-m. If its efficiency at this load is 88%, find the current W, determine the efficiency of the motor.
taken from the supply. 4. A 300 V series motor draws a current of 50 A. The field A. 77% C. 91%
A. 34.90 A C. 39.04 A resistance is 40 mΩ and the armature resistance is 0.2 Ω. Determine B. 85% D. 80%
B. 36.24 A D. 30.94 A the maximum efficiency of the motor.
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
6. A dc motor has a speed of 900 rpm when connected to a 460 V P =value
the armature current, what No. of
of poles
resistance should be placed in windage
is 125 losses amount
volts. What will to
be400
the W, what is emf
generated the ifoverall efficiency
the field flux is of the
supply. FindZthe=approximate
Total number of conductors
value of the speed of the motor when series with this motor when starting, in order that the starting current machine ?
= Number of slots x no. ofthe
connected to a 200 V supply, assuming conductors per slotby 30%
flux decreases may b) wave winding
be limited – ( for
to a value high
that willvoltage,
exert alow current
starting generator
torque equal). to A. 89.56% C. 84.28%
a) 135 V b) 145 V c) 155 V d) 165 V*
and neglecting the armature volt drop. 150% of its rated torque ? The finish of the coil is connected to the B. 78.45%
hint: φ2 = ( 1 – 0.2 ) φ1 D. 80.56%
A. 625 rpm N = Rotational or armatureC. 358speed
rpm in rpm A. 4.4 ohms start of another
C. 3.8coil away from the first coil.
ohms
B. 411 rpm D. 559 rpm * B. 5.1 ohms D. 4.7 ohms 9. A 10 hp, 1750 rpm, 550 V shunt motor has an armature
resistance of 1.55 ohms. If the armature takes 14.8 A at full load,
7. A 10 hp, 230 V, 1200 rpm series motor has a rated load efficiency 8. A long shunt compound motor takes a current of 42 A from a 230 determine the counter emf developed by the motor.
of 85.5%. The armature resistance including brushes is 0.3 ohms. V dc source. The armature, series field, and shunt field resistances A. 445.8 V C. 225.4 V
The field resistance is 0.25 ohms. Assuming the flux varies directly as are 0.1 ohm, 0.2 ohm and 50 ohms respectively. If the friction and B. 522.1 V D. 657.5 V
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
10. A dc motor delivering an output power of a 4 hp runs at a speed B. 1525 rpm P = No. ofD.
poles
1258 rpm A. 0.15
is 125Ωvolts. What will be the generated
C. 1.5 emf
Ω if the field flux is
of 800 rpm. Z = Totalthe
Determine number
torqueofdeveloped
conductorsin Newton-meter. B. 0.25 Ω
decreased by 12% with the speedD.increased
0.5 Ω to 1,800 rpm?
A. 26.26 = Number of slots x no.
C. of conductors per slot
15.78 10. Ab)dc wave
motor winding
delivering
– (an
foroutput power of
high voltage, lowa current
4 hp runs at a speed
generator ). a) 135 V b) 145 V c) 155 V d) 165 V*
B. 38.54 D. 35.62 of 800 rpm. Determine theThetorque developed
finish inisNewton-meter.
of the coil connected to the 14.hint:
A 15φ2 hp
= (motor
1 – 0.2operates
) φ1 at an efficiency of 87.5 per cent at full
N = Rotational or armature speed in rpm A. 26.26 C. 15.78
start of another coil away from the first coil. load. If the stray power loss is approximately one fourth of the total
11. The counter-emf of a dc shunt motor running at a speed of 1200 B. 38.54 D. 35.62 loss, calculate the copper loss.
rpm is 96 volts. When the flux per pole of the motor is reduced by A. 1.75 kW C. 1.20 kW
15% the counter emf went down to 91.8 volts. What is the speed of 13. A 24 V dc shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.25 ohms
and a shunt field resistance of 88 ohms. Determine the resistance of B. 6.12 kW D. 1.50 kW
the motor at this instant ?
A. 1350 rpm C. 1015 rpm the starting resistor needed to limit the starting current to half the
starting current without the resistor.
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
15. A 4-pole 220 V shunt motor has 540 lap wound conductors. It the starter is 0.66 ohms,Pcalculate
= No. ofthe
poles
current input to the motor at A. 622.8
is 125 rpm C. 1212
volts. What will be the generated rpm
emf if the field flux is
Z =the
takes 32 A from Total number
supply mainsof and
conductors
develops 5.595 kW. The field the instant it is started. ( Assume a brush drop of 3 V ) B. 818.2 rpm by 12% with the speedD.increased
512.5 rpm
decreased to 1,800 rpm?
= Number of slots
winding takes 1 Ampere. The armature x no. of conductors
resistance is per
0.9 slot
ohms and b) A wave winding – ( for high voltage,
A. 108 C. 297.5low
A current generator ). a) 135 V b) 145 V c) 155 V d) 165 V*
the flux per pole is 30 mWb. Calculate the torque developed. B. 331 A The finish D.
of the coilAis connected to the
458.2 8. A long shunt compound motor takes a current of 42 A from a 230
hint: φ2 = ( 1 – 0.2 ) φ1
A. 56.45 N-m N = Rotational or armature speed
C. 83.17 N-min rpm start of another coil away from the first coil. V dc source. The armature, series field, and shunt field resistances
B. 66.45 N-m D. 28.93 N-m 17. A 4-pole dc shunt motor is fed at 440 V and takes an armature are 0.1 ohm, 0.2 ohm and 50 ohms respectively. If the friction and
current of 50 A. The resistance of the armature circuit is 0.28 ohms. windage losses amount to 400 W, what is the overall efficiency of the
16. A 60 Hp, 230 V shunt motor has a shunt field resistance of 38.3 The armature is wave-wound with 888 conductors and the useful flux machine ?
ohms and an armature resistance of 0.04 ohm. If the resistance in per pole is 0.023 Wb. If brush contact drop is 1 volt per brush, A. 89.56% C. 84.28%
calculate the speed. B. 78.45% D. 80.56%
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
19. A 220 V series motor runs at 750 rpm while taking 15 A of reduced to 600 rpm withPthe=current
No. of through
poles the armature remaining A. 675 rpm
is 125 C. 595emf
volts. What will be the generated rpmif the field flux is
Z is=the
current. What Total number
motor speed of ifconductors
takes a current of 10 A ? The the same ? Armature resistance is 3 ohms B. 805 rpm by 12% with the speedD.increased
1220 rpmto 1,800 rpm?
decreased
torque on the motor is such that itx no.
= Number of slots of conductors
increases as the per slot of the
square A. 5.5b)ohms
wave winding – ( for high voltage, low current generator ).
C. 3.2 ohms a) 135 V b) 145 V c) 155 V d) 165 V*
speed. B. 1.8 ohms The finish D.
of the
12.2coil is connected to the
ohms 22. The nameplate rating of a shunt motor is 150 Hp, 600 V, 205 A,
hint: φ2 = ( 1 – 0.2 ) φ1
A. 765.8 rpmN = Rotational or armature speed
C. 753.5 rpmin rpm start of another coil away from the first coil. 1700 rpm. The resistance of the shut field circuit is 240 ohms and the
B. 711.2 rpm D. 804.0 rpm 21. A dc shunt motor runs at 900 rpm from a 400 V supply when total armature circuit resistance is 0.15 ohms. If the motor is to deliver
taking an armature current of 25 A. Calculate the speed at which it full load torque at 1200 rpm, what value of resistance must be added
20. A shunt motor runs at 1200 rpm on a 420 volt circuit and the will run from a 230 V supply when taking an armature current of 15 to the armature circuit ?
current taken by the armature is 30 A. What resistance must be A. The resistance of the armature circuit is 0.8. Assume flux per pole A. 0.833 ohms C. 0.802 ohms
placed in series with the armature in order that the speed may be at 230 V to have decreased to 75% of its value at 400 V. B. 0.827 ohms D. 0.805 ohms
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
23. A shunt motor which has a field resistance of 220 ohms and an 24. The input and outputPpowers
= No.ofofapoles
220 V shunt motor are 30 kW A. 235 N-m
is 125 C. 325emf
volts. What will be the generated N-mif the field flux is
Z = Total
armature resistance number
of 0.8 of conductors
ohm takes 26 A from a 260 V supply when and 28 kW respectively. The field and armature circuit resistances B. 523 N-m by 12% with the speedD.increased
335 N-mto 1,800 rpm?
decreased
running at 500 rpm on full load. In xorder
= Number of slots no. oftoconductors
control theper slot of the
speed b) ohms
are 40 waveand winding – (ohm
0.0125 for high voltage, low
respectively. current generator
Determine ).
the efficiency a) 135 V b) 145 V c) 155 V d) 165 V*
motor a 1.2 ohm resistor is connected in series with the armature. The finish
of the motor if the output power of the coil
is reduced to 10is kW
connected
? to the 13. A 24 V dc shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.25 ohm
hint: φ2 = ( 1 – 0.2 ) φ1
N speed
Calculate the = Rotational
in whichorthe
armature speed
motor will runinwhen
rpm supplying full A. 84.93% start of another coil away from the first coil.
C. 86.48% and a shunt field resistance of 88 ohms. Determine the resistance of
load torque. B. 88.67% D. 83.56% the starting resistor needed to limit the starting current to half the
A. 445 rpm C. 438 rpm starting current without the resistor.
B. 472 rpm D. 424 rpm 25. Calculate the torque in Newton-meter developed by a 440 V dc A. 0.15 Ω C. 1.5 Ω
motor having an armature resistance of 0.25 ohm and running at 750 B. 0.25 Ω D. 0.5 Ω
rpm when taking a current of 60 A.
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
27. What is the primary reason why the armature or rotor of a 29. A 250 V dc shunt motorP =has No.anofarmature
poles resistance of 0.5 and a 30.isThe
125armature of will
volts. What a 4-pole
be thedc motor carries
generated emf if314 conductors
the field flux is which
Z =upTotal
dynamo is made number of
of laminated conductors
sheets of iron ? field resistance of 250 ohms. When driving a load of constant torque aredecreased
lap connected.
by 12%Forwith an
the armature current toof1,800
speed increased 20 A,rpm?the torque
= Number of
A. to minimize hysteresis lossesslots x no.
C. toof conductors
minimize per losses
copper slot at 600b) rpm,
wave
thewinding – ( current
armature for highisvoltage,
20 A. Iflowit iscurrent
desiredgenerator
to raise ).the produced has to beb)50 N-m.
a) 135 V 145 V Determine the V
c) 155 required flux d)per
165pole.
V*
B. to minimize eddy current losses D. to minimize armature reaction speed from 600 rpm to 800 The finish
rpm, of the
what coil is connected
resistance should be to the
inserted A. 0.8
hint:Wb
φ2 = ( 1 – 0.2 ) φ1 C. 0.05 Wb
N = Rotational or armature speed in rpm in the shunt field circuitstart of another
? Assume coilthe
that away from thecircuit
magnetic first coil.
is B. 0.08 Wb D. 0.12 Wb
28. A 440 V dc shunt motor has an armature resistance of 0.8 ohms unsaturated.
and field resistance of 200 ohms. Determine the counter emf when A. 87.5 Ω C. 82.5 Ω 31. A 100 V series motor runs at 400 rpm when taking a current of 55
giving an output of 7.46 kW at 85% efficiency. B. 84.3 Ω D. 88.7 Ω A. The armature and field resistances are 0.02 ohm and 0.03 ohm
A. 425.8 V C. 398.2 V respectively. Find the speed when the field is shunted by a resistor of
B. 415.7 V D. 288.0 V 0.02 ohm. Assume the load torque remains the same.
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
A. 388 rpm C. 404 rpm A. 310.8 N-m P = No. ofC. poles
340.2 N-m 35.isA125
5Hp, 230V
volts. What1500
will rpm shunt
be the motor emf
generated has ifan
thearmature and field
field flux is
B. 890 rpm Z = Total number of conductors
D. 580 rpm B. 324.7 N-m D. 328.6 N-m resistances
decreasedofby0.175 ohmthe
12% with and 610 increased
speed ohms respectively.
to 1,800 rpm? If the stray
= Number of slots x no. of conductors per slot b) wave winding – ( for high voltage, low current generator ). losses amount to 305 Watts,
a) 135 V b) 145 V determine the V
c) 155 input powerd)at165 rated
V* load.
32. The power rating on the nameplate of a motor represents the ___ 34. A 220 V 10 Hp dc The shunt motor
finish has
of the coilan armature and
is connected to thefield A. 4800
hint: φW
2 = ( 1 – 0.2 ) φ1
C. 3415 W
A. armature Npower C. output
= Rotational or armature power
speed *
in rpm resistance of 0.25 and start
100ofohms
anotherrespectively. The
coil away from thefull
first load
coil. B. 4177 W D. 5125 W
B. input power D. I2 R losses efficiency is 83%. Determine the resistance of the starting resistor
needed so that the armature starting current will not exceed 200% of
33. The armature of a 4-pole dc shunt motor has a simplex lap its full load value.
winding accommodated in 60 slots with 20 conductors per slot. If the A. 2.8 Ω C. 2.6 Ω
flux is 23 mWb and the armature current is 50 A, the torque QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS DC MOTOR
B. 3.2 Ω D. 3.8 Ω
developed in the armature is nearest to
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
P =applied
(by Lenz’s Law). The No. of poles
voltage has to force is mechanical
125 volts. Whatpower in a
will be the d.c. motor
generated emf if?the field flux is
1. What Zis the
= Total number of conductors
significance of back emf in a d.c. current decreased by 12% with the speed increased to 1,800 rpm?
= Number of slots x no. of conductors per slot b) wavethe
winding – ( for high voltage,
motor? through armature against thislow
back current
emf generator
Eb. The ). a)The
135 condition
V b) for
145developing
V c)maximum
155 V mechanical
d) 165 V*power
electric work done in overcoming this opposition to
The finish of the coil is connected is the is :φ2 =
hint: Eb (=1 –
V 0.2
/ 2,) φwhere
1 V = applied voltage and Eb =
N = Rotational or armature speed in rpm start of another coil away from the first coil.
When voltage V is applied to the motor, it starts converted into mechanical energy developed in the back emf. However, such a condition is not sought in
rotating armature. But for the production of back emf energy practice because in that case current in the motor would
and an emf is induced in the armature conductors. This conversion would not have been possible. be much more than normal current and at the same
is time efficiency would be low (less than 50%).
known as back emf Eb and opposes the applied voltage 2. What is the condition for developing maximum
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
3. Why is shaft torque is less than the total armature P = No. of poles isit125
is distorted
volts. Whatopposite the
will be the direction
generated ofifrotation.
emf the field flux is
Z in=aTotal
torque d.c. number
motorof ? conductors In a generator, the armature current flows in the decreased by 12% with the speed increased to 1,800 rpm?
= Number of slots x no. of conductors per slot b) wave winding – ( for high voltage,
direction of induced emf (i.e back low
emf).current generator ).
It should, 5. a)Why
135 Vis the b)speed
145 V of a shunt motor
c) 155 V practically
d) 165 V*
It is because some percentage of torque developed in The finish of the coil is connected
therefore, be expected that for the same direction to of
the constant?
hint: φ2 = ( 1 – 0.2 ) φ1
the armature is used up in overcoming mechanical rotation and field polarity, the armature flux of the
losses i.e. iron and friction losses. motor will be in opposite direction to that of the The speed of d.c. motor is given by:
generator. Hence, instead of the main flux being
4. In a generator, the main flux is distorted opposite distorted in the direction of rotation, as in the V  IaRa
N
to the direction of rotation in a motor? generator, 
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
In a shunt motor, V, Ra and  are practically constant. P = No.
constant speed motor, of poles
though the speed decreases is has high torque
125 volts. What willatbelowthespeeds and
generated vice-versa.
emf It isiswell
if the field flux
Z = theTotal number of conductors slightly with the suited for
At no load, armature current is very small and I aRa decreased bytraction
12% withpurposes
the speed such as intoelectric
increased trains.
1,800 rpm?
= Number of slots x no. of conductors per slot b) wave in
winding
drop is negligible as compared to V. At full-load I aRa increase load.– ( for high voltage, low current generator ). a)Acceleration
135 V b)is145
rapid
V because c) the
155 torque
V is d)
high
165atV*low
drop is ordinarily about 5% of V. Consequently, the full The finish of the coil is connected to the speeds.
hint: φ2 = ( Furthermore,
1 – 0.2 ) φ1 the series motor automatically
load speed of the motor is about 95% of the no-load 6. What is the chief advantage of a d.c. series slows down as the train goes up an incline surface, yet
value. This fall in speed is reduced slightly due to motor? turns at top speed on the flat ground. The power of a
armature reaction. In some cases, armature reaction is series motor tends to be constant because high torque is
sufficient to cause the speed to remain nearly constant. The outstanding characteristic of a series motor is that accompanied by low speed and vice-versa. Series motors
For these reasons, a shunt motor is considered a it are also used in electric cranes and hoists; light loads are
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
lifted quickly and heavy loads more slowly. P considerably
efficiency is usually = No. of poleslower. This is due to is If
125current direction
volts. What will bethrough a series
the generated emfmotor is reversed,
if the field flux is
Z = Total number of conductors the the polarities
decreased by 12%ofwith
thethe
field poles
speed and thetoarmature
increased 1,800 rpm?
= Number of slots x no. of conductors per slot b)
7. Why is the actual operating efficiency of a series fact wave
that winding
a series–motor
( for high voltage,
seldom low at
runs current generator
its rated load,). a)conductors
135 V are both
b) 145 V reversed, resulting
c) 155 V in ad)pushing
165 V*
motor is less than that of a shunt motor? but The finish of the coil is connected to the effort
hint: φ2 =between
( 1 – 0.2 )them
φ1 in the same direction. Because of
is continuously accelerating and decelerating. this, a series motor will operate on a.c. supply, its
Although the efficiency of a series motor varies about direction of rotation being the same for both half cycles.
the 8. Can a d.c. series motor be operated on an a.c. The lower frequency of a.c. the greater the torque that
same as that of a shunt motor, the actual operating supply? can be produced. If the frequency is high, the inductive
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
reactance of the coil limits the current that can flow and P = No. of poles 10.is Why is aWhat
125 volts. d.c. will
series
be the motor used
generated emftoif start heavy
the field flux is
Z =ofTotal
the torque the number
motor. of conductors The shunt winding has a large number of turns so that loads? by 12% with the speed increased to 1,800 rpm?
decreased
= Number of slots x no. of conductors per slot b) wave winding – ( for high voltage, low current generator ).
it a) 135 V b) 145 V c) 155 V d) 165 V*
The finish of
has appreciable inductance. the coil
When a.c.is connected
is appliedtotothe
a hint:
N = Rotational or armature speed in rpm In φ = (motor,
a2 dc 1 – 0.2 T
) φ1 I2 . If current increases two-fold, the
Note: when d.c. is applied to a series motor, the current start of another coil away from the first coil.
shunt motor, the large inductive reactance of shunt toque will increase four-fold. Consequently, the starting
flowing has nothing to oppose it except the winding will reduce the field current too much. torque of a dc series motor is very high. For this reason,
resistance in the circuit. This results in high starting Consequently, shunt motor will not usually run on a.c.
current and torque. it is used to start heavy loads.
supply.
9. Will a d.c. shunt motor operate on an a.c. supply? 11. Why is the torque of a commulatively compounded
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
motor is more than that of a shunt motor? the torque T IaPfor= any
No. given
of poles
current to be greater is compounded
125 volts. Whatmotor
will be is
thealmost zero.
generated emfHowever,
if the fieldthe
flux flux
is due
Z = Total number of conductors to shuntbywinding prevents the motor from running
thanwave
it would be –for a high
shunt motor. decreased 12% with the speed increased to 1,800 rpm? at
= Number of slots x no. of conductors per slot b) winding ( for voltage, low current generator ).
The current-torque characteristic of a commulatively a)dangerously
135 V b)high
145 speed.
V c) 155 V d) 165 V*
compounded motor is intermediate between those of a The finish of the coil is connected to the hint: φ2 = ( 1 – 0.2 ) φ1
N = Rotational or armature speed in rpm 12. Why does not commulatively compounded
start of another coil away from themotor
first coil.
shunt motor and a series motor. When armature current run at dangerous speed at light loads? 13. What will happen if the shunt motor running at no
is zero, the field strength is only due to shunt winding. load has its shunt field winding opened
As At no-load, the flux due to series field of a accidentally?
the load is applied, the series turns increase flux, commulatively
causing If a shunt motor, running at no load, has its shunt field
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
suddenly opened or burnt out, the back emf will fall to P = or
stopping of the motor No.burn
of poles
out of armature or fuse. is 125 volts. What will be the generated emf if the field flux is
nearly Zzero.
= Total number of current
The armature conductorswill continuously (ii) The speed
decreased by 12%canwithbe
theincreased eithertoby1,800
speed increased a resistance
rpm? in
= Number of slots x no. of conductors per slot
increase the speed of the motor until its parts fly apart. 15. b)
How wave windingof
is speed – (afor high voltage,wound
compound low current generator ).
motor a) 135series
V with theVshunt winding
b) 145 c) 155 or
V a resistance
d) 165inV*
controlled? The finish of the coil is connected to the hint: φparallel
2 = ( 1 – with
0.2 ) the
φ1 series winding.
14. What will happen if the shunt field winding of a
loaded shunt motor accidentally breaks? The speed of a compound motor is controlled in the 16. What is the chief advantage of a commulatively
following ways: compounded motor?
If the shunt winding of a loaded motor accidentally (i) In order to reduce the speed of a compound motor,
breaks, the loss of shunt field current would result in a resistance is inserted in the armature. The speed-torque characteristics of a commulatively
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
compounded motor my approach those of the shunt or P = No.
to keep the no-load of poles
speed to safe value) and a is In
125a volts.
differentially compounded
What will be the generatedmotor,
emf if the fluxflux
the field dueisto
series Zmotors,
= Total number ofupon
depending conductors
the strength of the two heavy series winding
decreased by 12% opposes the flux
with the speed due totoshunt
increased 1,800 winding.
rpm?
= Number of slots x no. of conductors per slot b) series
wave winding – ( it
forwill
highhave
voltage,
fields. winding, the low current generator
characteristics of a). a)The
135 series
V winding
b) 145 Vmay be madec) 155 to
V weakend)the 165field
V*
(i) If the motor contains a light series winding, it will The finish of the coil is connected
series motor, but will not run at a dangerous speed to the sufficiently
hint: φ2 = ( 1 – to
0.2make
) φ1 the speed at some particular load
have better torque characteristics than a shunt with light loads. the same as at no load. However, speed at other loads
motor, will be slightly different. This implies that a differentially
but will largely retain the good regulation or efficient 17. Why is differentially compounded motor rarely compounded motor has good speed regulation. The
speed control of the shunt motor. used? shunt motor has also good speed regulation with the
(ii) If the motor has a light shunt winding (one sufficient added advantage that it has superior speed-torque
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
characteristics to differentially compounded motor. For P tension
(iii) too little spring = No. of poles is Overheating
125 volts. What ofwill
a dcbe machine mayemf
the generated be ifdue
the to one
field fluxor
is
Z = the
this reason, Totallatter
number of conductors
is rarely used in practice. (iv) wrong brush setting more of by the12%
following
decreased with thereasons:
speed increased to 1,800 rpm?
= Number of slots x no. of conductors per slot b)
(v) wave
dirt winding – ( for high voltage, low current generator ).
on the commutator a)(i)
135 Voverloadsb) 145 V c) 155 V d) 165 V*
18. What are the causes of sparking at the brushes? (vi) high mica or roughThe finish of the coil issurface
commutator connected to the (ii)φ2sparking
hint: at) the
= ( 1 – 0.2 φ1 brushes
(vii) open armature coil (iii) wet or short circuited armature or field coils
Sparking at the brushes of a d.c. machine may be (iv) too frequent starts or reversals
caused due to one or more of the following reasons: 19. What are the causes of overheating of a d.c. (v) poor ventilation
(i) insufficient contact surface of the brush motor? (vi) incorrect voltage
(ii) too short a brush
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
20. What is the necessity of starter in a d.c. motor? (ii) damaging Pthe
= commutator
No. of poles and brushes due to sudden
is 125 volts. hammer
What blow.
will be the generated emf if the field flux is
Z = Total number of conductors heavy decreased by 12% with the speed increased to 1,800 rpm?
= Number of slots x no. of conductors per slot b) wave winding – ( for high voltage, low current generator ).
When we apply full voltage (V) to a dc motor, the sparking a)To135avoid
V theb)above
145 V ill-effects, all dc
c) 155 V motors d) employ
165 V*
starting (iii) overloading theThe finish
line of the coil
to which theismachine
connected
is to the starters.
hint: φ2 = ( 1The starter
– 0.2 ) φ1 usually limits the starting current
current in the armature is very high because of the Connected between 1.5 and twice the full-load current.
absence of back emf. The high starting current may
result (iv) snapping off the shaft due to mechanical shock
in:
(i) burning out the armature (v) damaging the driven equipment because of the
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
Z = Total number of conductors
THAT YOU P = No. of poles is 125 volts. What will be the generated emf if the field flux is
= Number of slots x no. of conductors per slot b) wave. winding
. . . –. (.for high
MUSTN’T QUIT”
voltage, low current generator ). a) 135 V b) 145 V c) 155 V d) 165 V*
The finish of the coil is connected to the hint: φ2 = ( 1 – 0.2 ) φ1
“ IT’S WHEN THINGS SEEMS WORST

SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8
SUMMER 2019 2020

y = Average pitch
Mech’l Elect’l
2. Rotating part
electrical energy
a) 32 b) 15 *
PNZ
yb  y f  2m
= 2 2
a) 240 V* b) 230 V c) 220 V d) 210 V
–8

DC Motor Hand-Outs

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DC Motor Hand-Outs

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FRANCISCAN ENGINEERING REVIEW PROGRAM ELECTRICAL

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

A B C c. The condition for maximum efficiency is that the armature copper

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

“ IT’S WHEN THINGS SEEMS WORST

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

a = Number of parallel paths in the armature

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