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Executive summary
What is Hydroponics
How is it implemented
Hydroponics in India
Commercial Viability
Who we are
Success stories
Soil
Sun Light
Nutrients
Water
Soil is just a medium to provide nutrients to the plant. Water is as good a medium as soil.
Today Indian farmers face the following challenges Hydroponics is one methodology of soil-less cultivation.
1) Drought conditions and unpredictable weather It is a method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions, in
2) Rising temperatures water, without soil.
3) Polluted water systems
4) Lack of irrigation The earliest published work on growing terrestrial plants without soil
5) Poor water management was the 1627 book Sylva Sylvarum by Francis Bacon.
6) Under-nourished or over nourished crops
Need for a solution Advantages of Hydroponics
India today needs food security which entails that all people at all times Some of the reasons why hydroponics is being adopted around the world
have physical and economic access to safe and nutritious food to meet for food production are the following:
dietary needs. • No soil is needed for hydroponics
• The water stays in the system and can be reused
Lack of water for agriculture leads to production of lesser food which • It is possible to control the nutrition levels accurately
means more hunger and malnutrition • It is stable and provides high yields hence economically viable
• Pests and diseases are easier to get rid of
We are going to highlight the need for technology in agriculture that • Ease of harvesting
can contribute towards water savings and have a positive impact on
food production and availability. • It is better for consumption
Describe advantages of
Hydroponics
Implementation strategy of
Commercial viability of
Plants
samplings
Nutrient rich
water
Air Stone
Water Pump
“Run-to-waste” describes those systems where the excess nutrient or In a re-circulating or recycled system the water is pumped from a main
“run-off” is not re-circulated. Conventional ‘soil culture’ is a type of run- reservoir to the plant root system , the excess water and nutrients are
to-waste system. Media with a high water holding capacity are used then returned to the reservoir. Trace elements are topped up as used
(e.g. soil, coconut fibre, Rockwool). Feeds are small and infrequent. The and regularly dumped and refreshed to keep the system stable . They
‘run-off’ is either drained directly onto the ground or is collected. are more cost effective in both water and nutrients. Because of their
Collecting the run-off allows feed volume and frequency to be calculated nature and the methodology used to top up the nutrients, re-circulating
more accurately. This helps prevent under-dosing or over-dosing. systems tend to require more regular checking and correcting of pH ,
and EC levels which adds that little bit more maintenance time spent in
the grow room
Water Flow
Nutrient
Reservoir
Nutrient Waste
Reservoir Tank
Water Flow
Baked clay pellets, are suitable for hydroponic systems in which all Growstones, made from glass waste, have both more air and water
nutrients are carefully controlled in water solution. The clay pellets are retention space than perlite and peat. This aggregate holds more water
inert, pH neutral and do not contain any nutrient value. than parboiled rice hulls.
Coir Perlite
Coco Peat, also known as coir or coco, is the leftover material after the Perlite is a volcanic rock that has been superheated into very
fibres have been removed from the outermost shell (bolster) of the lightweight expanded glass pebbles. It is used loose or in plastic
coconut. Coir is a 100% natural grow and flowering medium. Coconut sleeves immersed in the water. It is also used in potting soil mixes to
Coir is colonized with Trichoderma Fungi, which protects roots and decrease soil density.
stimulates root growth.
Sand Gravel
Sand is cheap and easily available. However, it is heavy, does not hold The same type that is used in aquariums, though any small gravel can
water very well, and it must be sterilized between use. be used, provided it is washed first. Indeed, plants growing in a typical
traditional gravel filter bed, with water circulated using electric
powerhead pumps, are in effect being grown using gravel hydroponics.
Gravel is inexpensive, easy to keep clean, drains well and will not
become waterlogged.
Nutrient film technique (NFT) is a hydroponic technique wherein a In this, there is a tray above a reservoir of nutrient solution. Either the
very shallow stream of water containing all the tray is filled with growing medium (clay granules being the most
dissolved nutrients required for plant growth is re-circulated past the common) and planted directly or pots of medium stand in the tray. At
bare roots of plants in a watertight gully, also known as channels. The regular intervals, a simple timer causes a pump to fill the upper tray
depth of the recirculating stream should be very shallow, little more than with nutrient solution, after which the solution drains back down into
a film of water, hence the name 'nutrient film'. This ensures that the thick the reservoir. This keeps the medium regularly flushed with nutrients
root mat, which develops in the bottom of the channel, has an upper and air. Once the upper tray fills past the drain stop, it begins
surface, which, although moist, is in the air. Subsequent to this, an recirculating the water until the timer turns the pump off, and the water
abundant supply of oxygen is provided to the roots of the plants. in the upper tray drains back into the reservoirs.
Drip Irrigation is a great water-saving solution for hydroponic gardens. The hydroponic method of plant production by means of suspending
The basic premise is that nutrient solution is pumped out of the reservoir the plant roots in a solution of nutrient-rich, oxygenated water.
by a main line, usually 1 inch, which is divided into ½ inch lateral lines Traditional methods favor the use of plastic buckets and large
that run directly alongside the plants. These lateral lines contain a containers with the plant contained in a net pot suspended from the
dripper (emitter) for each plant, which is placed directly at the plant base centre of the lid and the roots suspended in the nutrient solution. The
and provides a controlled flow of water directly to the roots. solution is oxygen saturated from an air pump combined with porous
stones. With this method, the plants grow much faster because of the
high amount of oxygen that the roots receive
Land
Reduced labor time of digging and Tailored macro and micro nutrition
Labour Nutrition
weeding for humans, even distribution
Reduced fungal disease, little Diesease & Effective recycle resulting reduced
Pest Water
exposure to moisture water usage
• Have a good root system that is not at risk from contaminants and
diseases
1 Retail chains
2 Private investors
3 Hotel chains
4 Fast food chains
5 Processed food industry
6 Railway catering
7 NGO’s
8 Foreign retail companies
9 Defense establishments
10 PPP Partners
Future belief
• The future lies in locally grown and sold produce limiting the ‘road
miles’.
• This method of growing our food is a more sustainable model than Main countries using hydroponics are Holland, Spain, Australia, USA,
those currently practised. Canada, NZ, Italy, Canada, Mexico, China. Even our neighbor
Pakistan has adopted Hydroponics cultivation with major government
• The consumer is becoming increasingly concerned over health support.
issues, environmental issues, even water consumption cost and
availability……… these all are drivers for the further development of Main crops are Cucumbers, Tomato, Lettuce, Strawberry, Herbs,
hydroponic growing techniques. Capsicums, cut flowers etc. but not limited to these alone.
Plant nutrients used in hydroponics are dissolved in the water and are
mostly in inorganic and ionic form. Primary among the dissolved cations
(positively charged ions) are Ca2+ (calcium), Mg2+ (magnesium), and K+
(potassium); the major nutrient anions in nutrient solutions are NO− 3
(nitrate), SO2− 4 (sulfate), and H 2PO− 4 (dihydrogen phosphate).
Nutrient recipe
Identify Identify
Procure Install Initial Add as
Fertilizer Fertilizer & Quantity &
Fertilizer Amounts required
Source Schedule
Procure
Identify Train On Job Manage
Manpower Resource Resource
Operational
Training Operations
Items
Access to technology
• Easy access to green-house and hydroponic technologies
3 • Access to water pumps and HVAC systems
• Easy access to fertilizers and IPM technologies
Knowledge
• Good knowledge of hydroponic methodologies
• Knowledge of markets and customers
4 • Understanding of crops cycles and related diseases & pests
Strengths Weakness
► Makes any land with water source useful for production ► No industry association or bodies in hydroponics yet
► High Yields from lesser spaces ► High Capex
► Produce can get premium prices ► Needs more diligence and devotion
► Less labor means lesser costs ► Cannot compete with soil grown produce
► Effective IPM possible ► No dedicated standards and laws in India
SWOT
Hydroponics
in India
► Brand, package and sell produce ► Must not compete on price, but on quality.
as clean, healthy and unique
► Perception that Hydroponics is unnatural.
► Creation of more growth products such as
► Certain soil grown produce are being marketed
gingers, saffron, turmeric etc. which are cash crops.
vigorously and may be a threat to hydroponic
► Gaining good traction in India produce. E.g. Calyx-On Tomato
► Can be raised to sell niche markets which high returns ► Inconsistent supply arrangement can ruin market intake
Opportunities Threats
• Capital costs We need to use foreign Hydroponic experts to start with. This is an
absolute must as there are no resource people in India at this time.
• Trained Manpower
Industry standards will be established as time goes by and more
• Education required Indians adopt this kind of cultivation.
• Attention to shifting market demands
• Attention to crop growing or cultural practices
• Knowledge of IPM
Marketing of hydroponic produce
• Knowledge of Environment Controls in GH
• Knowledge of Climate Controls
It is marketed more on the quality and consistency, rather than the
• Knowledge of Bio-friendly insects method of production.
More and more Indians are demanding high quality, pesticide free,
Body of knowledge fresh produce. Money not the criterion.
We need to convene an association in India for Commercial People are aware of dangers of pesticides, global warming and its ill
Hydroponic Growers even before we start the first commercial system effects. Media plays an important role.
in our country.
Operational costs
Operational costs
Revenues
The operational costs of a hydroponic farm growing tomato's for 1 acre
per year would include
Assuming tomato growth for 1 year per acre assumptions include
• Poly bags Rs 24,000
• Number of Kilos yield per plant 5 Kg
• Coco pear Rs 1,35,000
• Number of plants per yield 12,000 plants
• Trellising thread and clips Rs 25,000
• Number of yields per year 2 yields
• Nutrients per cropping cycle Rs 1,00,000
• Price per Kg sold in the market Rs 20 per kg
• Organic Pesticides per cycle Rs 30,000
• Total calculation 5 * 12000 * 2 * 20
• Seeds Rs 1,44,000
Grand Total (per year) Rs 33.5 lakhs (approx)
• Salary for 2 Employees Rs 240,000
• Electricity Rs 60,000 * Equated profit about 19 lakhs per year
Grand Total (per year) Rs 9.0 lakhs (approx)
0
Grand Total (Every 5 yrs) Rs 30.5 lakhs (approx) Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Operational costs
Revenues
The operational costs of a hydroponic farm growing tomato's for 1 acre
per year would include
Assuming tomato growth for 1 year per acre assumptions include
• Poly bags Rs 24,000
• Number of Kgs yield per plant 5 Kg
• Coco pear Rs 1,35,000
• Number of plants per yield 12,000 plants
• Trellising thread and clips Rs 25,000
• Number of yields per year 2 yields
• Nutrients per cropping cycle Rs 1,00,000
• Price per Kg sold in the market Rs 20 per kg
• Organic Pesticides per cycle Rs 30,000
• Total calculation 5 * 12000 * 2 * 20
• Seeds Rs 1,44,000
Grand Total (per year) Rs 33.5 lakhs (approx)
• Salary for 2 Employees Rs 240,000
• Electricity Rs 60,000 * Equated profit about 15 lakhs per year
Grand Total (per year) Rs 9.0 lakhs (approx)
Profitability is linked to
Today, we, at HGT, are leaders in this field in India and our hard earned name
has transcended international borders.
The “Pet Bharo” Project, meaning in Hindi, ‘Fill Your Tummy’ project and as we
Mrs.Sangeeta Bojappa Moorthy fondly christened it so, is a strong brand name, so much so that, when people
call us they ask “Is this Pet Bharo? It’s a word synonymous with Indian
Chief of Operations Hydroponics.
This achievement has been no mean task. It has been nurtured by persistence,
hard work, focus, integrity and above all, a strong sense of personality, character
and ethos.
When you approach us you will see for yourself how we make it a point to serve
you with humility and a very deep urge to help you.