INTERNAL

FABRIKAM
ME:155
COMBUSTION
TECHNOLOGY INC.
ENGINE
S U BT I T L E G O E S H E R E

FUELS & COMBUSTION RAD

CLASSIFICATION OF FUELS

SOLID FUELS

FUELS
FR
Is any substance, natural
FABRIKAM RESIDENCES
LIQUID FUELS
or artificial which upon
combustion releases heat
GASEOUS FUELS
energy.

ATOMIC FUELS
SOLID FUELS
• Such as coal, coke, wood, charcoal, bagasse, coconut
shell, rice husks & briquetted fuels

LIQUID FUELS
• Such as crude petroleum and its distillates (gasoline,
alcohol, kerosene, diesel, bunker & other fuel oils

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GASEOUS FUELS
• Such as natural gas, artificial gas, blast furnace gas,
liquified petroleum gas(LPG), methane, acethylene,
propane & etc.

ATOMIC FUELS
• Such as natural uranium, thorium and artificially fuel like
plotunium.

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 ASSIGNMENT
T E R M PA P E R o n F U E L S & I T S C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S

• Definition of Fuels
• Classification of Fuels
• Fuel Analysis
• Properties of Fuels
• Heating Value of Fuels

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 COMBUSTION
BURNING

• Is a rapid chemical combination of

oxygen with a fuel which results in
the evolution of light and the rapid
production of heat.
• Is synonymous to oxidation and is
the union of oxygen with
combustible materials.

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 STOICHIOMETRY
Stoichiometry is a section of chemistry that involves
using relationships between reactants and/or
products in a chemical reaction to determine desired
quantitative data.

• In Greek, stoikhein means element

and metron means measure,
so stoichiometry literally translated
means the measure of elements.

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COMBUSTION REACTIONS
• These reactions involve the burning of hydrocarbons
• During combustion, oxygen is always one of the
reactants
• Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only
hydrogen and carbon

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 FR
2 types of combustion reaction

1. Complete combustion
- this is when the hydrocarbon is burned in
plenty of oxygen
- there are only 2 products in a complete
combustion reaction: CO₂ & H₂O

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 FR

Composition of Atmospheric Air

21 % oxygen
78 % nitrogen
1 % argon or traces of CO₂ , H₂O
He, Ne, H

For eng’g calculations: For eng’g calculations:

BY VOLUME BY WEIGHT
(volumetric composition) (gravimetric composition)
21 % oxygen 23 % oxygen
79 % nitrogen 77 % nitrogen

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 FR

MOLAL RATIO

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 FR
2 types of combustion reaction

2. Incomplete combustion
- this is when the amount of oxygen is
limited
- it results in the formation of toxic by-
products
- carbon dioxide & water are produced, as
well as carbon monoxide & carbon

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 • The general combustion process:

Fuel + Air Products of Combustion + Heat Liberated

Solid, CO₂ , H₂O Refer to as heat of reaction, heat of

Liquid, O₂ CO , C combustion, calorific value, heating value
Gas SO₂ , N₂ of fuel

reactants products

FABRIKAM
Atomic & Molecular Weight of the elements
usually met in combustion problems
Element Symbol Atomic Weight Molecular Weight

MECHANICAL
Carbon C 12 12

accidents that relateH₂

Hydrogen to machine 1 2
operation or collapse of machine.
These include cranes,
Sulfur S powered 32 32
industrial trucks, abrasive wheel
and so on.
Oxygen O₂ 16 32

Nitrogen
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N₂ 14 28 MM.DD.20XX
• Write the balanced chemical reaction for the complete combustion of
methane (CH₄)

CH₄ + O₂ CO₂ + H₂O

• Write the balanced chemical reaction for the complete combustion of
methane (CH₄)

CH₄ + 2O₂ CO₂ + 2H₂O

On mole basis:
1 mole CH₄ + 2 mole O₂ 1 mole CO₂ + 2 mole H₂O

On mass basis:
16 kg CH₄ + 64 kg O₂ 44 kg CO₂ + 36 kg H₂O
• Write the balanced chemical reaction for the incomplete combustion of
methane (CH₄)

CH₄ + O₂ CO₂ + H₂O + CO + C

• Write the balanced chemical reaction for the incomplete combustion of
methane (CH₄)

4CH₄ + 6O₂ CO₂ + 8H₂O + 2CO + C

On mole basis:
4 moles CH₄ + 6 moles O₂ 1 mole CO₂ + 2 moles H₂O
+ 2 moles CO + 1 mole C
On mass basis:
64 kg CH₄ + 192 kg O₂ 44 kg CO₂ + 36 kg H₂O
+ 56 kg CO + 12 kg C
SEATWORK
Its your turn to solve some problems

• Write the balanced chemical reaction for the complete combustion

& incomplete combustion of the following:
1. C₁₂H₂₆ (Dodecane): Diesel Fuel
2. Octane
3. Propane
4. Butane