BEHAVIORIST’S

PERSPECTIVE

Prepared by:
Cortes, Jocelyn R.
 IVAN PAVLOV

EDWARD THORNDIKE

Cortes, Jocelyn R.
IVAN PAVLOV
A Russian physiologist is well known
for his work in classical conditioning
or stimulus substitution. Pavlov’s
renowned experiment involved meat,
dog and a bell.

Pavlov was measuring the dog’s

salivation in order to study digestion.
This is when he stumbled upon
classical conditioning
Cortes, Jocelyn R.
Cortes, Jocelyn R.
 PAVLOV’S FINDING::
STIMULUS GENERALIZATION – Once the dog has learned to
salivate at the sound of the bell., it will salivate at other
similar.

EXTINCTION – If you stop pairing the bell with the food,

salivation will evenly cease in response to the bell.

SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY – Extinguished responses can be

“recovered” after an elapsed time, but will soon extinguish
again if the dog is not presented with food.

DISCRIMINATION – Dog could learn to discriminate between

similar bells (stimuli) and discern which bell would result in
the presentation of food and which would not.

HIGH-ORDER CONDITIONING – Once the dog has been

conditioned to associate the bell with, another
unconditioned stimulus, such as a light may be flashed at the
same time that bell is rung. Eventually the dog will salivate at
the flash of the light without the sound of the bell.
Cortes, Jocelyn R.
Cortes, Jocelyn R.
 EDWARD THORNDIKE
The main principle of connectionism
was that learning could be adequately
explained without considering any
unobservable internal states. Learning
has taken place when a strong
connection or bond between stimulus
and response is formed.

THREE PRIMARY LAWS:

1. Law of effect
2. Law of exercise
3. Law of readiness
Cortes, Jocelyn R.
 LAW OF EFFECT

The law of effect stated that

a connection between a stimulus
and response is strengthened
when the consequence is positive
(reward) and the connection
between the stimulus and the
response is weakened when the
consequence is negative.
Cortes, Jocelyn R.
 LAW OF EXERCISE

The more stimulus response

(S-R) bond is practiced the
stronger it will become. “
Practice makes perfect” seem to
be associated with this.

Cortes, Jocelyn R.
 LAW OF READINESS

The more readiness the

learner has to respond to the
stimulus, the stronger will be
bond between them.

Cortes, Jocelyn R.
 PRINCIPLES DERIVED FROM
THORNDIKE’S CONNECIONISM
1.Learning requires
D both practice and rewards
( laws of effect/exercise)
2.A series of S-R connections can be chained
together if they belong to the same action
sequence (law of readiness)
3.Transfer of learning occurs because of
previously encountered situations.
4.Intelligence is a function of the number of
connections learned.
Cortes, Jocelyn R.
D

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Cortes, Jocelyn R.