Basketball

Basketball Study Guide

 History

 Basketball was invented by Dr. James Naismith

in 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts.
 Dr. Naismith was a college professor who
wanted to create a game that his physical
education classes could play inside during the
long winters.
 The first games used peach baskets nailed to
the wall for rims. The first ball used was a
soccer ball.
First Ball
 The International Basketball Federation was
formed in 1932 by eight founding nations:
Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Italy,
Latvia, Portugal, Romania and Switzerland.
At this time, the organization only oversaw
amateur players. Its acronym, derived from
the French Fédération Internationale de
Basketball Amateur, was thus FIBA".
 Men's Basketball was first included in the Berlin
Olympic Games in 1936, although a demonstration
tournament was held in 1904. The United States
defeated Canada in the first final, played outdoors.
This competition has usually been dominated by the
United States, whose team has won all but three titles,
the first loss in a controversial final game in Munich in
1972 against the Soviet Union. In 1950 the first FIBA
World Championship for men was held in Argentina.
Three years later, the first FIBA World Championship
for Women was held in Chile. Women's basketball
was added to the Olympics in 1976, which were held
in Montreal, Canada with teams such as the Soviet
Union, Brazil and Australia rivaling the American
squads`
 FIBA dropped the
distinction between
amateur and
professional players in
1989, and in 1992,
professional players
played for the first time
in the Olympic Games.
The United States'
dominance continued
with the introduction of
their Dream Team.
 The Game
 Basic Rules of Basketball
 The object of a basketball game is to score points by making
field goals or free throw shots. There are two opposing
teams, each with five players.

 A game commences with a jump ball at center court. Each

team then tries to recover the ball and make baskets in their
opponents basket.

 The rim of the basket is 10 feet from the floor.

 A varsity high game consists of four 8 minute quarters. A

college game consists of two 20 minute halves.
 Scoring
 A field goal (basket) scores two points if
shot inside the 3 point line/arc (19’9”). If
shot behind the 3 point line the basket is
worth 3 points

 A free throw is worth 1 point

 Team/Positions
 5 players
 1) Point Guard
 2) Shooting Guard
 3) Small Forward
 4) Power Forward
 5) Center
 point guard: usually the fastest player on the team, organizes
the team's offense by controlling the ball and making sure
that it gets to the right player at the right time.
 shooting guard: creates a high volume of shots on offense;
guards the opponent's best perimeter player on defense.
 small forward: often primarily responsible for scoring points
via cuts to the basket and dribble penetration; on defense
seeks rebounds and steals, but sometimes plays more
actively.
 power forward: plays offensively often with their back to the
basket; on defense, plays under the basket (in a zone
defense) or against the opposing power forward (in man-to-
man defense).
 center: uses height and size to score (on offense), to protect
the basket closely (on defense), or to rebound.
 Definition of Terms
 Backcourt
 the area from the midcourt line to the end line (baseline)
furthest from the offense’s basket
 Blocking
 the use of a defender’s body position to illegally prevent an
opponent’s advance
 Dead ball
 any ball that is not live, occurs after each successful field
goal or free throw attempt, after any official’s whistle or if the
ball leaves the court. It stops play which is then resumed by
a jump ball, throw in, or free throw
 Defensive team
 the team that does not have the ball and is trying to prevent
the other team from scoring
 Definition of Terms
 Dribbling
 when a player repeatedly pushes, taps, or bats the ball
towards the ground with one hand. Used to advance the ball
or keep control of it

 Frontcourt
 the area between the midcourt line and the end line
(baseline)
closest to the offense’s basket

 Free throw
 an unguarded shot taken from the free throw line (15 feet
from the backboard). Free throws are awarded to an
offensive player who was fouled while in the act of shooting
by a defensive player or if the foul occurred in the “bonus”
 Violations
 Violation- an infraction of the rules that
does not involve personal contact with the
opponent or unsportsmanlike conduct

 When a violation occurs the ball is called

dead and rewarded to the opposing team
for a throw in from the sideline nearest
where the violation occurred

`
 Violation Examples
 Traveling
 To move one's pivot foot illegally or to fall to the floor without maintaining a pivot
foot. Carrying/palming the ball is also considered traveling.
 Double dribble
 To dribble the ball with two hands at the same time (2) To dribble, stop, and
then begin to dribble again; Either act results in a loss of possession

 Stepping on the sideline while in possession of the ball

 5 seconds holding the ball

 10 seconds in the backcourt

 3 seconds in the lane (offensive player)

 Over & back

 Touching the ball in the backcourt after it has entered the frontcourt and was
not last touched by the other team.
 Fouls
 Foul
 an infraction of the rules that involves personal
contact with the opponent or unsportsmanlike conduct

 If a player is fouled while in the act of shooting

the ball he/she is rewarded free throws- 2 free
throws if the shot did not go in, 1 free throw if the
shot went in

 Each player is allowed 5 personal fouls. The

player is ejected from the game on the 5th foul
committed.
 Fouls

 “Bonus”
 After a team has seven fouls in a half, the opponent
is in the “bonus.” A bonus is awarded in the form of a
1&1 from the free throw line.

 “Double Bonus”
 After the 10th team foul in a half the opponent is in the
“double bonus” where the opponent’s player who was
fouled is given a 2 free throw opportunity
 Foul Examples

 Blocking-
 The use of a defender's body position to illegally
prevent an opponent's advance.
 Charging
 an offensive foul which occurs when an offensive
player runs into a defender who has establish
position.
 Hand Check
 Impeding the progress of an opponent with the
illegal use of hands.
 Basic Skills
 Dribbling
 Shooting
 Rebounding
 Defense
 Passing
 Chest pass
 Bounce pass
 Overhead pass