C-programming

Hypothesis is an idea or
Explanation that you then test
through Study and
Experimentation
 HYPOTHESIS

RESEARCH STATISTICAL
HYPOTHESIS HYPOTHESIS
 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

HEAD ACHE DUE TO FEVER

STATISTICAL HYPOTHESIS
BODY TEMPERETURE INCREASES
THIS MUCH PER SECOND/MINUTE
 According to Newton,gravitation is that
Every Particle Attracts Every Other Particle in
the Universe with a FORCE.

 According to Einstein,Gravity is NOT AS A

FORCE,but as a Consequence Of the
Curvature Of Spacetime Caused By the
Uneven Distribution Of Mass.
 We can test the Hypothesis
 Testing is to get the accure
result
LET US CONSIDER,
MANGOES ARE
EXPENSIVE IN
SUMMER.WE CAN
CHECK THE PRICE
OF THE MANGO
WHICH IS
COSTLIER THAN
PREVIOUS PRICE.
LET US
CONSIDER,ONE
POLITICIAN IS
VERY MUCH GOOD
IN LEADERSHIP
THAN THE
OTHERS.WE MAY
NOT ABLE TO
CHECK THIS
EXPERIMENTALLY
 HYPOTHESIS

Null Alternative
hypothesis hypothesis
Currently accepted
value for a parameter
It is also called research
hypothesis. it involves the
claim to be tested which the
result Is accurate.
Null hypothesis
H 0

Alternative hypothesis
H (OR)H
A 1
 DATA
 ASSUMPTIONS 10 STEPS
 HYPOTHESES
 TEST STATISTIC
 DISTRIBUTION OF TEST STATISTIC
 DECISION RULE
 CALCULATION OF TEST STATISTIC
 STATISTICAL DECISION
 CONCLUSION
 P VALUES
 SAMPLE

FROM THE SAMPLE YOU CAN

COLLECT THE DATA

TOTAL
POPULATION
WE WANT TO CHECK THAT DATA IS NORMALLY
DISTRIBUTED OR NOT

Z or T ?
H0 (NULL HYPOTHESIS)
we can test this one
HA (ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS)
the tested hypothesis
H0:µ=50 H0:µ≤50 H0:µ≥50
HA:µ≠50 HA:µ>50 HA:µ<50
Z=
x=sample mean
µ=hypothesized mean
T= σ=known standard
deviation
√n=sample size
S=sample deviation
 test statistics is
distributed as “Z” or “t”
 significance level
(α)

commonly accepted
α value is 5%
0
Z=x-µ0/σ/√n

T=x-µ0/s/√n
 accept
H0
reject reject
H0 H0
IF H0 is Rejected,
Conclude HA is True.

IF H0 is not Rejected,
Conclude H0 may be True,
Can’t say HA is true.
 P- value is used to provide a smallest
significant level when the null hypothesis is
rejected.
 p-value is also used as a alternative for
rejection points.
 Hypothesis Testing is used to infer the result
of a Hypothesis performed on sample data
from a larger population.
 The test tells the analyst whether or not his
primary hypothesis is true.
 Statistical analysts test a hypothesis by
measuring and examining the random sample
of the population being analyzed.