FERROUS METALS

ALAN KENNEDY
FERROUS METALS

THE BASIC SUBSTANCE USED IN FERROUS

METALS SUCH AS STEEL AND CAST
IRON(GRAY AND MALLEABLE) IS IRON.
IT IS USED IN THE FORM OF PIG IRON.
IRON IS THE BASE METAL, MEANING THAT IT
IS AN ALLOYING AGENT IN MANY
DIFFERENT METALS.
IRON PROCESS
FROM FERROUS

 IRON IS PRODUCED FROM IRON

ORE THAT OCCURS CHIEFLY IN
NATURE AS AN OXIDE,THE TWO
MOST IMPORTANT OXIDES BEING
HEMATITE AND MAGNETITE.
 IRON ORE IS REDUCED TO PIG
IRON IN A BLAST FURNANCE ,
AND THE IMPURITIES ARE
REMOVED IN A FORM OF SLAG.
 RAW MATERIALS CHARGED INTO
THE FURNANCE INCLUDE IRON
ORE,COKE,AND LIMESTONE.
 THE PIG IRON PRODUCED IS USED
TO MANUFACTURE STEEL OR
CAST IRON.
COMMON FERROUS METALS
INCLUDE:

STAINLESS STEELS
TUNGSTEN CARBIDE
CARBON,TOOL AND ALLOY STEEL
FURNACE HEAT TREATMENT
MECHANISM
 FERROUS METAL COMPOSITION

 CAST IRON ALLOY OF IRON AND 2.5% CARBON,1.3% ADICON AND TRACES OF
MAGNESIUM,SULPHUR AND PHOSPHORUS
 MID STEEL ALLOY OF IRON AND 0.15-0.3% CARBON
 MEDIUM ALLOY OF IRON AND 0.35-0.7% CARBON
CARBON STEEL
 HIGH ALLOY OF IRON AND CARBON 0.7-1.5% CARBON
CARBON STEEL
 STAINLESS STEEL ALLOY OF IRON AND CARBON WITH 16-20% CHROMIUM
 HIGH SPEED STEEL ALLOY OF IRON AND 0.35-0.7% CARBON WITH
TUNGSTEN,CHROMIUM,VANADIUM,COBALT.
 CAST IRON
 CAST IRON IS A GROUP OF IRON-
CARBON ALLOYS WITH A CARBON
CONTENT GREATER THAN 2%.
 ITS USEFULLNESS DERIVES FROM ITS
RELATIVELY LOW MELTING
TEMPERATURE.
 THE CAST IRONS PROPERTIES ARE
CHANGED BY ADDING VARIOUS
ALLOYING ELEMENTS OR
ALLOYANTS.
 CAST IRON IS HARD
,BRITTLE,NONMALLEABLE(i.e it
cannot be bent, stretched or
hammered into shape)AND
MORE FUSIBLE THAN STEEL
WROUGHT IRON

 IT IS AN IRON ALLOY WITH A VERY LOW CARBON

CONTENT TO CAST IRON.
 WROUGHT IRON IS
TOUGH,MALLEABLE,DUCTILE,CORROSION-RESISTANT AND
EASILY WELDED.
 BRFORE THE DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECCTIVE METHODS OF
STEEL MAKING AND THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE
QUANTITIES F STEEL,WROUGHT IRON WAS THE COMMON
FORM OF MALLEABEL IRON.
PIG IRON AND STEEL

 PIG IRON IS THE INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT OF SMELTING

IRON ORE INTO AN TRANSPORTABLE INGOT OF IMPURE
HIGH CARBON-CONTENT IRON AS AN INGREDIENT FOR
FURTHER PROCESSING STEPS.
 IT IS THE MILTEN IRON FROM THE BLAST FURNANCE,WHICH
IS A LARGE AND CYLINDER-SHAPED FURNANACE
MOWADAYSNNORMALLY CHARGED WITH IRONORE ,
COKE,AND LIMESTONE.
 PIG IRON HAS A VERY HIGH CARBON
CONTENT,TYPICALLY 3.5-4.5%
WROUGHT PIG IRON
IRON
STRUCTURAL STEEL

 IT IS A CATEGORY OF STEEL USED AS A CONSTRUCTION

MATERIAL FOR MAKING STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES.
 A STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPE IS A PROFILE, FORMED WITH
A SPECIFIC CROSS SECTION AND FOLLOWING CERTAIN
STANDARDS FOR CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES.
 ITS
SHAPES,SIZES,COMPOSITION,STRENGTHS,STORAGEPRACTI
CES,ETC ARE REGULATED BY STANDARDS IN MOST
INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES.
MARKET FORMS OF STEEL

 ANGLE SECTION
 CHANNEL SECTION
 T SECTION
 I SECTION
 FLAT BARS
 ROUND BARS
 EXPANDED METAL
 PLATES
 CORRUGATED SHEETS
 MID STEEL