Introduction

Since most of the unconventional electronics run on electricity,

electrical-energy-storage devices that can be integrated and deformed
together with unconventional electronics have become indispensable
in achieving fully power-independent and stretchable systems for
realistic applications. Recently, novel forms of lithium-ion batteries
capable of over 300% deformation have been developed with self-
similar serpentine interconnects and origami of thin sheets of the
batteries, respectively.. Supercapacitor has attracted much attention
in recent years for its potential utilization in energy storage . The
electrochemical capacitor is normally divided into two types:(i)
electrical double layers(EDLs) capacitor on account of charges
accumulation at electrode/electrolyte interface and (ii)
pseudocapacitor due to redox reaction.
Exploring the properties of materials for battery and supercapacitor applications
is one of the “unfair” kinds of research, not only because of their hazardous
basic components, such as electrodes, electrolytes, and their solvents,
separators, and current collectors but also the need to go through the
thousands of publications in the literature, which present an enormous number
of electrochemical performance results. Electrode materials are often used in
supercapacitors or batteries with little or no investigation of their defect
structures, which in fact play a crucial role in their electronic, magnetic, optical,
and mechanical behaviors, and thus, in this context, their electrochemical
performance. Electrodes are key components in the production of
supercapacitors and the strategies for selecting the right electrodes play a
decisive role in their specific power and energy storage performance.
. For instance, one strategy is to decrease the crystal size to the nanometer scale
in order to increase the surface area and to have more active sites and shorter
ionic paths. Another strategy is to use composite materials to achieve a higher
conductivity and more structural stability. Such critical decisions in the selection
of electrode materials make supercapacitor applications highly diverse and
open to new developments. Today, batteries and supercapacitors are
introduced as the principal energy storage media for so-called clean-energy or
green-energy in electrically driven devices, such as electric vehicles.In
comparison with batteries, supercapacitors have the advantages of fast
charge/discharge rate and long operating life, and therefore represent a very
promising candidate for energy-storage devices in unconventional electronics.
Existing stretchable supercapacitors mostly use films or meshes of carbon
nanotubes as electrodes. While these carbon nanotube-based supercapacitors
can reach stretchability 30% to 100%, synthesis and fabrication of carbon
nanotube-based stretchable supercapacitors are complicated and expensive.
Transition metal Sulfides have recently attracted worldwide attention in various
fields such as lithium ion batteries , sodium ion batteries , electrochemical
capacitors ( EC’s) , Catalysts and more commonly in lubricants benefitting from
their distinct structure and chemical properties. MOS2 ( Molybdenium
Disulphide) especially has obtained fair consideration because of its specific
atomic structure. MOS2 possess three atom layers which are piled and
combined through weak Van Der Waals interactions. Therefore it is easy to peel
MOS2 from bulk. MOS2 despite being an excellent candidate for the electrode
material , suffers from extremely low conductivity between two adjacent Van
Der Waals bonded layers, which would significantly suppress their overall
electrochemical performance. To resolve this significant issue , adjusting the
morphology or forming a composite with other materials is an effective way to
overcome this problem.
Transitional Metal Oxides like RU02, MN02 can contribute significantly
to pseudo capacitance apart from the double layer capacitance
(EDCL’S). Unfortunately most of the metal oxides suffer from low
abundance and high cost . Zinc Oxide (ZNO) which has been already
evaluated in application of optoelectronic devices such as solar cells ,
gas sensors and LED’S has emerged as a promising electrode material
for Supercapacitors due to its excellent electrical and optical properties.
ZNO is considerably cheap , easy to synthesise and suitable for large no.
of applications. ZNO has a direct bandgap of 3.3ev and has a pretty
high electron mobility which in response provides better conductivity.
It is also found in quite abundance and is very eco friendly and non
toxic.
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