LEARNING OUTCOME Appreciate the evolution of media and globalization Analyze how various media drive various forms of global integration. GLOBALIZATION AND MEDIA
Globalization- a set of multiple, uneven
and sometimes overlapping historical processes, including economics, politics, and culture, that have combined with the evolution of media technology to create the conditions under which the globe itself can now be understood as “an imagined community”. The two concepts have been partners throughout the whole of human history.
“Globalization and media have created the
conditions through which many people can now imagine themselves as part of one world.” EVOLUTION OF MEDIA AND GLOBALIZATION To understand further the study of globalization and media, it is important to appreciate five periods of the evolution of media and globalization. 1. ORAL COMMUNICATION Language allowed human to cooperate. It allowed sharing of information.
Language became the most important tool as
human being explored the world and experience different cultures. It helped them move and settle down.
It led to markets, trade and cross-continental
trade. 2. SCRIPT Language was important but imperfect, distance became a strain for oral communication. Script allowed human to communicate over a larger space and much longer times. It allowed for the written and permanent codification of economic, cultural, religious, and political practice. 3. THE PRINTING PRESS It started the “information revolution”. It transformed social institutions such as schools, churches, governments and more. Elizabeth Eisenstein (1979) surveyed the influences of the printing press. 1. It changed the nature of knowledge. It preserved and standardized knowledge. 2. It encouraged the challenge of political and religious authority because of its ability to circulate competing views. 4. ELECTRONIC MEDIA The vast reach of these media continues to open up new vistas in the economic, political, and cultural processes of globalization. Radio- quickly became a global medium, reaching distant regions. Television- considered as the most powerful and pervasive mass medium. It brought together the visual and aural power of the film with the accessibility of radio. 5. DIGITAL MEDIA Digital Media are often electronic media that rely on digital code. Many of our earlier media such as phones and TVs are now considered digital media. In the realm of politics, computers allowed citizens to access information from around the world. “Is it possible for globalization to occur without media?” GLOBAL IMAGINARY AND GLOBAL VILLAGE Media have linked the globe with stories, images, myths and metaphors. Global Imaginary the globe itself as imagined community. Global Village Marshall McLuhan Media have connected the world in ways that create a global village. As McLuhan predicted media and globalization have connected the world. However, the “global village have brought no collective harmony or peace. Why do think so? MEDIA AND ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION Media fosters the conditions for global capitalism. “Economic and cultural globalization arguably would be impossible without a global commercial media system to promote global markets and to encourage consumer values” – Robert Mc Chesney MEDIA AND POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION Though media corporations are themselves powerful political actors, individuals journalists are subject to intimidations as more actors contend for power. In the age of political globalization: government shape and manipulate the news. Is this also true for Philippines? Media complicate politics…how? MEDIA AND CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION Media at one level are the carriers of culture. It generates numerous and on-going interactions
Globalization will bring about and increasing
blending or mixture of cultures. What is the role of media in the blending or mixture of culture? POPULAR MUSIC AND GLOBALIZATION Technologies of transport, of information and mediation, including social media platforms, have made possible the circulation of cultural commodities such as music. Circulation of cultural commodities are consumed to gain cultural capital and social status. Goods and commodities became a catalyst that set globalization. “Is it possible for globalization to occur without media?”